CN110158911A - 一种软木复合地板的加工方法 - Google Patents

一种软木复合地板的加工方法 Download PDF

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CN110158911A
CN110158911A CN201910300207.3A CN201910300207A CN110158911A CN 110158911 A CN110158911 A CN 110158911A CN 201910300207 A CN201910300207 A CN 201910300207A CN 110158911 A CN110158911 A CN 110158911A
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tenon
layer
composite floor
base
floor board
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CN110158911B (zh
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魏新莉
翟文翔
仲翌京
吴肖
詹婷
王蓉
宋迎刚
赵栋
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Central South University of Forestry and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种软木复合地板的加工方法，属于地板技术领域，该软木复合地板包括由上至下依次设置的耐磨层、恒温层、隔热层和基层，所述耐磨层、恒温层、隔热层和基层之间均涂有胶粘剂，所述恒温层为软木板，所述基层为无醛稻草碎料板，加工方法包括恒温层的制作与组坯；基层的制作与组坯；热压；成型加工等；解决了现有软木复合地板保温滞燃性能较低、地板安装易出现缝隙，导致防水性不够的问题，具有较好的保温滞燃性、防水性和密封性，而且铺装更加方便。

Description

一种软木复合地板的加工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及地板技术领域，更具体地说，它涉及一种软木复合地板的加工方法。
背景技术
软木质地柔软、吸音、隔热、不易着火、无异味、无毒性且防潮、防霉、耐酸碱的腐蚀，是舒适而环保、综合性能非常优良的天然室内装饰材料。软木地板在我国的使用是从1932年开始的，最初的软木地板为纯软木地板，以软木粒子为原料，由压缩烘焙冷却聚结而成，除软木颗粒外没有任何外加成分；后来的软木地板表面覆盖有一层耐磨面层，增加了软木地板的表面硬度，在一定程度上提高了软木地板的机械性能；现在应用较多的是复合软木地板，复合软木地板分为两种，一种是表层与底层均为软木层，中间层为带企口的密度板，还有一种是表层与底层均为软木单板，中间层为带企口的胶合板等。稻草板密度接近软木，导热系数也小于木材，稻草碎料表面蜡质光滑，内部维管束具有一定吸湿性，是优良的透湿环保材料。
密度板的硬度较高会影响软木复合地板的舒适性；胶合板的薄层结构会影响榫的强度，因此以胶合板或密度板为中间层的现有软木复合地板，由于木材与软木之间在柔软性、透湿性方面的差异，存在降低软木原有的柔软舒适及透气性变差的缺陷；现有软木复合软木地板虽然能起到一定的保温作用，但是气密性较差，没有良好的隔热性，不能起到较好的保温滞燃效果；地板安装也不方便，相邻地板拼接不紧密，导致地板铺装后无法起到较好的防水作用，长期使用后容易出现松动现象。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种软木复合地板的加工方法，其解决了现有软木复合地板保温滞燃效果并不十分理想的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：
一种软木复合地板的加工方法，软木复合地板包括由上至下依次设置的耐磨层、恒温层、隔热层和基层，所述耐磨层、恒温层、隔热层和基层之间均涂有胶粘剂，所述恒温层为软木板，所述基层为无醛稻草碎料板；
加工方法如下：
a、恒温层的制作与组坯：将软木粉碎成4-40目颗粒，添加胶粘剂，施胶量5-9％，热压温度130℃，热压时间10min，胶合压制形成所述恒温层，含水率控制在6％-8％，密度为0.45-0.55g/cm3，以所述恒温层为表板，在所述隔热层表面均匀涂设所述胶粘剂，单面涂胶量30g/m2，所述隔热层通过所述胶粘剂贴合在所述恒温层上；
b、基层的制作与组坯：将农作物剩余物稻草秸秆粉碎成8-40目碎料，控制含水率5-10％，筛选后添加胶粘剂，施胶量5-9％，搅拌均匀后铺装热压制备成稻草板，密度0.6g/cm3，热压温度130℃，充当地板基层，在所述基层表面均匀涂设所述胶粘剂，单面涂胶量30g/m2，所述基层通过所述胶粘剂贴合在所述隔热层上；
c、热压:将粘贴好的所述恒温层、隔热层和基层基材进行热压处理，热压温度为100-130℃，热压时间为10分钟；
d、成型加工:裁掉基材多出的边角，然后在基材两侧进行开榫加工，形成用于拼接的榫卯结构，所述榫卯结构为关节式榫结合；
e、涂饰:对基材外表面打蜡，形成耐磨层。
通过上述技术方案，软木本身具有良好的恒温性能，表面蜡层既有良好的保护性能，又有保留原本软木的各种良好性能；内部隔热层能进一步起到滞燃作用，从而对下层板体进行保护；耐磨层、恒温层、隔热层这三层均有良好的保温隔热性能，对地板的保温性能有极大提升，软木虽然燃点高，但是它的热值高，一旦发生火灾，不易扑灭，火势蔓延迅速，加设隔热层能够在室内发生火灾时防止火势的蔓延，对室内火灾起到一定的防护作用，保温滞燃效果较好，具有较好的防火作用。
进一步优选为：所述榫卯结构包括公榫和母榫，所述公榫和所述母榫分别位于地板的相对两侧；
所述公榫开设在地板上表面，所述公榫包括第一台阶和第二台阶，所述第二台阶位于所述第一台阶下方，所述第一台阶横截面为V形且夹角为65°，所述第二台阶横截面为V形且夹角为70°，所述第一台阶和所述第二台阶均包括竖直面和倾斜面，所述倾斜面沿地板外侧向上倾斜；
所述母榫开设在地板下表面且用于与相邻地板的所述公榫拼接，所述母榫包括第一凸榫和第二凸榫，所述第一凸榫与所述第一台阶配合密封，所述第二凸榫与所述第二台阶配合密封。
通过上述技术方案，地板的榫卯采用中国传统榫卯的改良结构，安装时只需从上往下按压安装，结构合理，安装方便，密封性好，铺装方便，倾斜面的设置能起到一定的防水作用。
进一步优选为：所述第二台阶倾斜面中部开设有插槽，所述母榫上设置有插块，所述插块与所述插槽相适配且用于插设在所述插槽内。
通过上述技术方案，提高相邻地板之间的连接性，拼接效果好，不易松动。
进一步优选为：所述倾斜面倾斜角度为20°。
通过上述技术方案，起到一定的防水作用。
进一步优选为：在步骤b中，涂设所述胶粘剂之前，砂光所述基层表面，稻草碎料板含水率控制在8％以内。
进一步优选为：所述胶粘剂为聚氨酯胶。
进一步优选为：所述隔热层为保温隔热纸，所述保温隔热纸为陶瓷纤维纸，且厚度为0.5-0.8mm。
进一步优选为：所述恒温层厚度为3-5m。
进一步优选为：所述基层厚度为7-10mm。
进一步优选为：所述耐磨层厚度为0.1-1mm。
综上所述，本发明具有以下有益效果：地板的榫卯采用中国传统榫卯的改良结构，安装时只需从上往下按压安装，结构合理，安装方便，密封性好，倾斜面的设置能起到一定的防水作用。软木本身具有良好的恒温性能，表面蜡层既有良好的保护性能，又有保留原本软木的各种良好性能；内部隔热层能进一步起到滞燃作用，从而对下层板体进行保护；耐磨层、恒温层、隔热层这三层均有良好的保温隔热性能，对地板的保温性能有极大提升。以软木颗粒为原料不加胶加工成的产品，是一种绝缘、绝热、隔音、隔震、稳定性能良好的隔热保温材料。另外软木属于不燃材料，很难点燃，但它的燃烧热值很高，一旦发生火灾，不易扑灭，火势蔓延迅速，加设陶瓷纤维纸能够在室内发生火灾时防止火势的蔓延，对室内火灾起到一定的防护作用，具有较好的防火作用。无醛稻草碎料板具有质轻、保温、隔热、隔音、耐火性能好(稻草中无机硅含量较高)的优点，因使用非醛类胶使得板材无游离甲醛释放，符合顾客对环保的要求，而且稻草板密度接近软木，导热系数也小于木材，稻草碎料表面蜡质光滑，内部维管束具有一定吸湿性。陶瓷纤维纸在1000℃高温下也不会燃烧，耐热性、抗拉性好，强度高，耐水性、电绝缘性均佳。
附图说明
图1是实施例的剖视示意图，主要用于体现地板的内部结构；
图2是实施例的俯视示意图，主要用于体现地板的结构；
图3是实施例的侧视示意图，主要用于体现地板的结构；
图4是实施例的侧视示意图，主要用于体现地板的结构；
图5是实施例的流程方框图，主要用于体现相邻地板的拼接结构；
图6是实施例的剖视示意图，主要用于体现软木复合地板的加工方法；
图7是实施例的各项性能指标表，主要用于体现该软木复合地板、现有软木地板和现有实木地板的各项性能数据。
图中，1、耐磨层；2、恒温层；3、隔热层；4、基层；5、榫卯结构；51、公榫；511、第一台阶；512、第二台阶；513、插槽；52、母榫；521、第一凸榫；522、第二凸榫；523、插块。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明进行详细描述。
实施例：一种软木复合地板的加工方法，如图1、2、6，软木复合地板包括由上至下依次设置的耐磨层1、恒温层2、隔热层3和基层4。耐磨层1、恒温层2、隔热层3和基层4之间均涂有胶粘剂，胶粘剂优选为聚氨酯胶。恒温层2为软木板，且厚度为3-5mm。基层4为无醛稻草碎料板，且厚度为7-10mm。隔热层3为保温隔热纸，保温隔热纸为陶瓷纤维纸，且厚度为0.5-0.8mm。
加工方法如下：
a、恒温层2的制作与组坯：将软木粉碎成4-40目颗粒，添加胶粘剂，施胶量5-9％，热压温度130℃，热压时间10min，胶合压制形成恒温层2，含水率控制在6％-8％，密度为0.45-0.55g/cm3，以恒温层2为表板，在隔热层3表面均匀涂设胶粘剂，单面涂胶量30g/m2，隔热层3通过胶粘剂贴合在恒温层2上；
b、基层4的制作与组坯：将农作物剩余物稻草秸秆粉碎成8-40目碎料，控制含水率5-10％，筛选后添加胶粘剂，施胶量5-9％，搅拌均匀后铺装热压制备成稻草板，密度0.6g/cm3，热压温度130℃，充当地板基层4，在基层4表面均匀涂设胶粘剂，单面涂胶量30g/m2，基层4通过胶粘剂贴合在隔热层3上；
c、热压:将粘贴好的恒温层2、隔热层3和基层4基材进行热压处理，热压温度为100-130℃，热压时间为10分钟；
d、成型加工:裁掉基材多出的边角，然后在基材两侧进行开榫加工，形成用于拼接的榫卯结构5，榫卯结构5为关节式榫结合；
e、涂饰:对基材外表面打蜡，形成耐磨层1，耐磨层1厚度为0.1-1mm；
f、成品检验：按国家标准检验产品；
g、包装：使用捆扎机、塑封机包装检验合格。
在步骤b中，涂设胶粘剂之前，砂光基层4表面，稻草碎料板含水率控制在8％以内。软木复合地板开榫成型加工之前，需要将试件周边加工平整。
图7是该软木复合地板、现有软木地板和现有实木地板的各项性能指标对照表，根据该软木复合地板、现有软木地板和现有实木地板的含水率、导热系数、2h吸水厚度膨胀率、甲醛释放量、内结合强度、抗拉强度、表面耐污染、浸渍剥离以及表面耐磨数据，可知：
(1)该软木复合地板含水率和2h吸水厚度膨胀率低于现有软木地板和现有实木地板，因此该软木复合地板不容易开裂变形，装修以后，能适应干燥气候的影响，且能防止霉变，透湿又能调节空气湿度，舒适度较好。
(2)该软木复合地板甲醛释放量低于现有实木地板，因此该软木复合地板绿色环保，不会危害人体健康，适于推广使用。
(3)该软木复合地板内结合强度高于现有软木地板和现有实木地板，因此该软木复合地板结构不易损坏，使用寿命更长。
(4)该软木复合地板导热系数低于现有实木地板，因此该软木复合地板保温性能较好，寒冷的冬季使用更加舒适。
参照图1、2、3、4、5，在步骤d中，榫卯结构5包括公榫51和母榫52，公榫51和母榫52分别位于地板的相对两侧。公榫51开设在地板上表面，公榫51包括第一台阶511和第二台阶512，第二台阶512位于第一台阶511下方，第一台阶511横截面为V形且夹角为65°，第二台阶512横截面为V形且夹角为70°。第一台阶511和第二台阶512均包括竖直面和倾斜面，倾斜面沿地板外侧向上倾斜，倾斜面倾斜角度为20°。母榫52开设在地板下表面且用于与相邻地板的公榫51拼接，母榫52包括第一凸榫521和第二凸榫522。第一凸榫521与第一台阶511配合密封，第二凸榫522与第二台阶512配合密封。第二台阶512倾斜面中部开设有插槽513，母榫52上设置有插块523，插块523与插槽513相适配且用于插设在插槽513内，插块523位于第二凸榫522底部中心。
安装地板时，只需从上往下按压，使相邻地板的第一凸榫521插设在第一台阶511内，第二凸榫522插设在第二台阶512内，插块523插设在插槽513内，连接紧密，安装方便，密封性好，且倾斜面的设置能起到一定的防水作用。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例，凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种软木复合地板的加工方法，其特征在于：软木复合地板包括由上至下依次设置的耐磨层(1)、恒温层(2)、隔热层(3)和基层(4)，所述耐磨层(1)、恒温层(2)、隔热层(3)和基层(4)之间均涂有胶粘剂，所述恒温层(2)为软木板，所述基层(4)为无醛稻草碎料板；
加工方法如下：
a、恒温层(2)的制作与组坯：将软木粉碎成4-40目颗粒，添加胶粘剂，施胶量5-9％，热压温度130℃，热压时间10min，胶合压制形成所述恒温层(2)，含水率控制在6％-8％，密度为0.45-0.55g/cm3，以所述恒温层(2)为表板，在所述隔热层(3)表面均匀涂设所述胶粘剂，单面涂胶量30g/m2，所述隔热层(3)通过所述胶粘剂贴合在所述恒温层(2)上；
b、基层(4)的制作与组坯：将农作物剩余物稻草秸秆粉碎成8-40目碎料，控制含水率5-10％，筛选后添加胶粘剂，施胶量5-9％，搅拌均匀后铺装热压制备成稻草板，密度0.6g/cm3，热压温度130℃，充当地板基层(4)，在所述基层(4)表面均匀涂设所述胶粘剂，单面涂胶量30g/m2，所述基层(4)通过所述胶粘剂贴合在所述隔热层(3)上；
c、热压:将粘贴好的所述恒温层(2)、隔热层(3)和基层(4)基材进行热压处理，热压温度为100-130℃，热压时间为10分钟；
d、成型加工:裁掉基材多出的边角，然后在基材两侧进行开榫加工，形成用于拼接的榫卯结构(5)，所述榫卯结构(5)为关节式榫结合；
e、涂饰:对基材外表面打蜡，形成耐磨层(1)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种软木复合地板的加工方法，其特征在于：所述榫卯结构(5)包括公榫(51)和母榫(52)，所述公榫(51)和所述母榫(52)分别位于地板的相对两侧；
所述公榫(51)开设在地板上表面，所述公榫(51)包括第一台阶(511)和第二台阶(512)，所述第二台阶(512)位于所述第一台阶(511)下方，所述第一台阶(511)横截面为V形且夹角为65°，所述第二台阶(512)横截面为V形且夹角为70°，所述第一台阶(511)和所述第二台阶(512)均包括竖直面和倾斜面，所述倾斜面沿地板外侧向上倾斜；
所述母榫(52)开设在地板下表面且用于与相邻地板的所述公榫(51)拼接，所述母榫(52)包括第一凸榫(521)和第二凸榫(522)，所述第一凸榫(521)与所述第一台阶(511)配合密封，所述第二凸榫(522)与所述第二台阶(512)配合密封。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种软木复合地板的加工方法，其特征在于：所述第二台阶(512)倾斜面中部开设有插槽(513)，所述母榫(52)上设置有插块(523)，所述插块(523)与所述插槽(513)相适配且用于插设在所述插槽(513)内。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种软木复合地板的加工方法，其特征在于：所述倾斜面倾斜角度为20°。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种软木复合地板的加工方法，其特征在于：在步骤b中，涂设所述胶粘剂之前，砂光所述基层(4)表面，稻草碎料板含水率控制在8％以内。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种软木复合地板的加工方法，其特征在于：所述胶粘剂为聚氨酯胶。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种软木复合地板的加工方法，其特征在于：所述隔热层(3)为保温隔热纸，所述保温隔热纸为陶瓷纤维纸，且厚度为0.5-0.8mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种软木复合地板的加工方法，其特征在于：所述恒温层(2)厚度为3-5mm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种软木复合地板的加工方法，其特征在于：所述基层(4)厚度为7-10mm。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种软木复合地板的加工方法，其特征在于：所述耐磨层(1)厚度为0.1-1mm。
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