CN110157900A - A kind of method that low-grade laterite nickel ore grate preheating-electric furnace melts the mitogenetic nickelic molten iron of production - Google Patents
A kind of method that low-grade laterite nickel ore grate preheating-electric furnace melts the mitogenetic nickelic molten iron of production Download PDFInfo
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- CN110157900A CN110157900A CN201910443959.5A CN201910443959A CN110157900A CN 110157900 A CN110157900 A CN 110157900A CN 201910443959 A CN201910443959 A CN 201910443959A CN 110157900 A CN110157900 A CN 110157900A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
- C21B11/10—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in electric furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
- C22B23/023—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes with formation of ferro-nickel or ferro-cobalt
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of low-grade laterite nickel ore grate preheating-electric furnaces to melt the mitogenetic method for producing nickelic molten iron, its method includes the following steps: S1, lateritic nickel ore is pre-processed through drying, is crushed acquisition lateritic nickel ore powder, S2, lateritic nickel ore powder and flux, which mix to obtain, mixes material, pelletizing acquisition green-ball, S3, green-ball is entered in grate be dried, preheating and baking obtain preheated pellets, S4, preheated pellets enter in electric furnace after mixing with reducing agent carries out molten point, that is, obtains nickelic molten iron and clinker.By preparing high intensity, epigranular, superior in quality charging stock for electric furnace, the red-hot preheated pellets hot charging of high temperature is directly entered molten point of electric furnace reduction, heat needed for being reheated to molten point temperature has been saved, to reduce energy consumption of electric furnace, while high metal rate has been obtained and has pelletizing.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallurgical technology fields, and in particular to a kind of molten point of low-grade laterite nickel ore grate preheating-electric furnace
The method for producing nickelic molten iron.
Background technique
80% nickel mainly applies stainless steel industry, and stainless steel industry is the major impetus that nickel market increases, and the whole world is stainless
Steel production scale rapid growth, 2018, world's stainless steel output was up to 50,720,000 tons, increased by 5.5% on a year-on-year basis.To nickel raw material
Demand is also significantly increased therewith, according to statistics, 224.5 ten thousand tons of Apparent con- sumption of global nickel in 2018.
The nickel yield in 50% or more the world derives from nickel sulfide ore.But the nickel sulfide ore day with high-grade, easily exploited
The emphasis aiming of development of resources is accounted for nickel gross reserves 70% by beneficial exhausted and stainless steel industry fast development, global nickel industry
Low-grade laterite nickel ore.Currently, both at home and abroad lateritic nickel ore method of comprehensive utilization mainly include pyrogenic process (sintering-blast furnace smelting,
RKEF and direct-reduction-magnetic separation), wet process (normal pressure acidleach, high pressure acidleach) and fire-wet process combine (selective reduction roasting-ammonia
Soak Caron method) three categories treatment process.And pyrometallurgical smelting is because having that process is short, high production efficiency, technical maturity and can enlargement
The advantages such as production, it has also become the prevailing technology of smelting laterite-nickel ores.Ferronickel is produced using lateritic nickel ore pyrometallurgical smelting, avoids and adopts
When producing stainless steel with electrolytic nickel, nickel, iron first separate then fusion again and caused by the energy and resource waste, and ferronickel takes
It is applied to stainless steel for electrolytic nickel and has more cost advantage, therefore receives extensive favor.
Rotary kiln-electric furnace smelting process (RKEF) handles laterite and produces ferronickel, has been that production is smelted in world wide at present
The prevailing technology of ferronickel.The technique has many advantages, such as, for example technology maturation, production scale are larger, ferro-nickel product quality is high, have
Evil impurity is few, is conducive to the degree of purity for improving stainless steel；Adaptability to raw material is strong.But there is also many deficiencies for the technique, especially
It is in the rotary kiln preroast stage, is at present both at home and abroad generally that the lateritic nickel ore fine ore after drying is directly entered rotary kiln to carry out
Roasting, maturing temperature usually only can control the low temperature range at 700~800 DEG C, cause roasting lateritic nickel ore insufficient or even red
The crystallization water is not yet completed to remove in native nickel minerals, is directly entered electric furnace smelting, and power consumption is caused to sharply increase；If roasting temperature in rotary kiln
Degree improves and is then easy to produce ring formation, causes equipment loss to aggravate, cost increase, production efficiency are lower.In addition, fine ore enters electric furnace
Smelting will lead to that electric furnace poor air permeability, dust pollution be serious, severe operational environment, and energy consumption of electric furnace improves, slag iron separation effect is poor
A series of problems, such as.
Therefore, furnace charge material temperature how is improved, improves lateritic nickel ore and calcines effect, strengthen charging stock for electric furnace gas permeability, is to reduce
Power consumption and production cost, the effective way for improving metal recovery rate and benefit.
For the problems in the relevant technologies, currently no effective solution has been proposed.
Summary of the invention
To overcome technical problem of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of low-grade laterite nickel ore chains
The method that molten point of grate machine preheating-electric furnace (SGEF) produces nickelic molten iron, preparation method of the invention is by being first made good height
Temperature, high-intensitive laterite nickel ore pellet are used for electro-smelting, reduce energy consumption of electric furnace, improve metal recovery rate, finally obtain good
Dilval.
To realize the above-mentioned technical purpose, the technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:
A kind of method that molten point of low-grade laterite nickel ore grate preheating-electric furnace (SGEF) produces nickelic molten iron, including with
Lower step:
S1, lateritic nickel ore is pre-processed through drying, broken acquisition lateritic nickel ore powder,
S2, lateritic nickel ore powder and flux, which mix to obtain, mixes material, pelletizing acquisition green-ball,
S3, green-ball is entered in grate be dried, preheating and baking obtain preheated pellets,
S4, preheated pellets enter in electric furnace after mixing with reducing agent carries out molten point, that is, obtains nickelic molten iron and clinker.
Above-mentioned method, Ni < 1.8% in the lateritic nickel ore, ratio < 10 of iron content and nickel content.It can see
Out, using low-grade laterite nickel ore in the present invention.
In the present invention, lateritic nickel ore is previously dried dehydration, convenient for controlling and stablizing pelletizing.
Preferably, pre-processing lateritic nickel ore to its water content through drying is 13~15% in step S1.
The present inventor, otherwise can be to subsequent work the study found that the water content of lateritic nickel ore needs effectively control after dry
Skill process has an adverse effect, if lateritic nickel ore moisture is lower than 13% after dry, it is on the one hand dry needed for energy consumption it is higher, when dry
Between it is long, and need in subsequent balling process more water are added and can just make good shot, cause energy consumption further to increase, and moisture
Too low, workshop Dust Capacity increases in transhipment, the subsequent pelletizing of high pressure roller mill cracking agent, influences environment.But moisture is higher than 15%, easily
Sizing during mixing is in high pressure roller mill is caused, blocking is generated, it is unimpeded to influence process.
Above-mentioned method, in step S1, will through the pretreated lateritic nickel ore of drying, using high pressure roller mill it is broken obtain it is red
Native nickel minerals powder, rolling pressure is 300~500KN/m during the high pressure roller mill.
Above-mentioned method, in step S1, partial size < 0.5mm in the lateritic nickel ore powder, and in the lateritic nickel ore powder
Partial size is that the quality of the particle of -0.074mm accounts for 85% or more of lateritic nickel ore powder gross mass；
Above-mentioned method, in step S2, the flux is lime stone and dolomite, mixings expect in w (MgO)/w
(SiO2)=0.4~0.8, dual alkalinity are 0.1~0.4.
Above-mentioned method, in step S2, lateritic nickel ore powder and flux mix in intensive mixer, then make in disk
Pelletizing is carried out in ball machine obtains green-ball.
Preferably, when the mixing, speed of agitator 1200-1800rpm, mixing time 60-90S,
Inventors have found that suitable speed of agitator, mixing time on greenball properties have it is certain influence, speed of agitator is fast,
Mixing time is long, and mixed effect is good, and various lateritic nickel ores are mixed well with flux, is conducive to subsequent pelletizing, pellet roasting, ball
Group, which restores and melts, to be divided.But speed of agitator is too fast, stirring blade quick abrasion, accessory loss is big, at high cost；Mixing time is too long,
The decline of mixing machine yield.And speed of agitator is partially slow, mixed effect is poor, and mixing time is short, and mixed effect is poor, lateritic nickel ore and flux
Dispersion is uneven, and quality of green pellets is unstable, is deteriorated so as to cause agglomerates quality, pelletizing reduction and a molten point effect.
Above-mentioned method, in step S2, Balling time is 10~15min, pelletizing moisture 16%~18%.
Above-mentioned method, in step S2, the granularity of the green-ball is 10~20mm.
Balling time can have an impact quality of green pellets, and the time is too short, and tightness degree is low between green-ball internal mineral particle,
Porosity is high, leads to intensity difference, with the extension of Balling time, contacts further close, capillary aperture in ball between ore particles
Become smaller, capillary attraction increases, and compression strength of green pel let, burst temperature and drop strength and dry bulb compression strength dramatically increase；When
After Balling time is more than 15min, continue to extend Balling time, green-ball is further close, and green-ball porosity is too small, in drying process
In, water vapour cannot be excluded by hole in time, cause pelletizing steam inside pressure to increase, burst temperature decline.Suitable pelletizing
Moisture is conducive to the filling rate for improving water in capillary, increases capillary force, improves green ball strength, but when pelletizing moisture is excessively high
When, pelletizing is interior will to there is saturation capillary water or bulk water, and capillary force weakens even disappearance, green ball strength decline between particle.
Under the control of the preferred granularity, pelletizing moisture and Balling time, it can further solve to burn because of lateritic nickel ore
Damage it is excessive, be easy to cause pelletizing to lead to the problem of a large amount of contractions in roasting；It can be seen that green-ball fineness ratio of the invention is conventional
Iron ore pellets granularity is thick, is able to guarantee that preheating and baking pellet size is close with conventional iron ore concentrate agglomerates, advantageously ensure that
The intensity of preheated pellets and the gas permeability of electric furnace.
Under the collaboration of each parameter of S2, the drop strength of the green-ball is greater than 4 times/0.5m, and compression strength is greater than 10N/
It is a, 300~450 DEG C of cracking temperature of green pel let；With good physical property.
In S3, by the green-ball by continuously dry and the pre-heat treatment in grate, pelletizing temperature and strong is improved
Degree creates good conditions for molten point of subsequent electric furnace.
Above-mentioned method, in step S3, green-ball is in grate, bed depth 80-100mm.
Inventors have found that the green-ball bed of material has a certain impact to the performance of subsequent preheated pellets, to influence electric furnace smelting
Refining, when the bed of material is lower than 80mm, green-ball rate of drying is too fast, and the pelletizing ratio that surface layer cracks is high；The green-ball bed of material is higher than 100mm
When, bed of material middle and lower part pelletizing because water vapour condensation be easy to produce it is overly moist, cause cracking temperature of green pel let decline and pelletizing cracking, two
Kind situation causes agglomerates intensity to decline, and is unfavorable for electric furnace smelting.
Above-mentioned method, in step S3, dry temperature is 250~450 DEG C, and the dry time is 4-8min.
By drying, green-ball moisture is reduced to 2% hereinafter, its burst temperature substantial increase, greatly reduce green-ball into
Enter to generate after preheating section the ratio of fragmentation, convenient for improving agglomerates intensity and yield.If drying temperature is lower than 250 DEG C, do
The dry time will extend, the decline of burning machine yield.If drying temperature is higher than 450 DEG C, burst temperature close and more than green-ball then exists
In drying process, green-ball largely generates rupture, agglomerates yield and intensity sharp fall.Therefore, the drying of green-ball be
Seek to balance between suitable rate of drying and suitable agglomerates intensity under the conditions of Drying Dynamics.
Above-mentioned method, in step S3, the temperature of the preheating and baking is 850~1050 DEG C, and the time of preheating and baking is
10~20min.
In warm, series of chemical is generated, the crystallization water, carbonate in green-ball generate decomposition, iron oxidation
Object generates crystallite connection, and preheated pellets intensity can be improved in suitable heating rate.If preheating temperature be lower than 850 DEG C, preheating and
Calcining time will extend, the decline of burning machine yield.If preheating temperature is higher than 1050 DEG C, it is too fast to show that roasting process temperature increases,
The crystallization water, carbonate generate decomposition rate leads to very much the increasing of pelletizing internal stress, final agglomerates intensity decline fastly.And if preheating
Time is lower than 10min, and green-ball internal-response is insufficient, and crystallization is not perfect, causes raw material more, preheated ball is poor；If preheating
Overlong time, then production efficiency reduces, and energy consumption increases.
Under the collaboration of each parameter of S3, the intensity of prepared pre- hot-bulb is 600N/ or more, has good resistance to compression
Molten point of intensity, the more conducively reduction of S4, the chip index during electric furnace smelting is reduced, the gas permeability of electric furnace is conducive to.
After S3 obtains preheated pellets, red-hot preheated pellets are not necessarily to carry out additional cooling processing, are sent directly into electric furnace, and
It is incorporated reducing agent, carries out molten point of reduction.Furnace charge hot charging can save energy consumption, improve yield, reduce production cost.
Above-mentioned method, in step S4, the reducing agent is nut coke.
Preferably, the granularity of the reducing agent is 5~20mm, dosage is the 10~20% of preheated pellets quality.
Reducing agent proportion is too low, causes molten point of process reducing atmosphere insufficient, metal recovery rate is relatively low；But when nut coke amount of allocating is excessive,
Due to coal gasification endothermic heat of reaction, lead to system shortage of heat, reduces molten iron flow, therefore slag iron can not separate, in addition,
When reducing agent proportion is excessively high, will lead to FeO content in slag is reduced, and the mobility of slag is deteriorated, and excessive iron is reduced into gold
Belong to iron, can not achieve selective reduction, the nickel grade of ferronickel water is caused to reduce.
Above-mentioned method, in step S4, the temperature that molten point of the electric furnace is 1500 DEG C~1600 DEG C, and molten point of time is
25~45min.When it is molten divide temperature relatively low when, there is not slag iron separation after high melt in preheated pellets, melt divide temperature herein
Under the conditions of, pre-reduced pellet has only melted a part, and metallic iron has moiety aggregation, thermodynamically, the gasification reaction and solid of carbon
It is strong endothermic reaction that carbon, which restores FeO, since atmosphere is smelted in the reduction coal protection during test with addition of 10%~20%, is led
Cause system shortage of heat is to guarantee pellets；When molten point excessively high, energy consumption is caused to increase.When between molten timesharing less than 25min,
Short between molten timesharing, molten metal can not be layered completely with slag, cause slag iron separation bad；When it is molten divide overlong time when, lead to energy
Consumption increases, and production efficiency reduces.
Smelting process of the invention enters electric furnace by obtaining high-intensitive pelletizing clinker in a manner of hot charging, both can be with
Electric furnace gas permeability is improved, prevents that excessive dust generates, and can avoid cold burden and enter to further heat up after furnace to need chargeable heat
Amount reduces energy consumption and power consumption, hence it is evident that reduces the cost of the high ferronickel of ton；The present invention nickelic molten iron obtained, nickel content >=10%,
Nickel recovery is higher than 95%, and ingredient meet stainless steel smelting enter furnace ferronickel component requirements, the smelting suitable for stainless steel is former
Material.
Beneficial effect
(1) the present invention provides molten point of a kind of low-grade laterite nickel ore grate preheating-electric furnaces (SGEF) to produce high ferronickel
The method of water, in existing RKEF, rotary kiln baking process is easy ring formation, and equipment loss is big, and production efficiency is low, takes chain
Comb machine preheating and baking, this opposing stationary bed are suitable for lateritic nickel ore shrinkage and strong during drying, preheating and baking
Degree changes big feature, can prepare high intensity, epigranular, superior in quality charging stock for electric furnace.
(2) the present invention provides molten point of a kind of low-grade laterite nickel ore grate preheating-electric furnaces (SGEF) to produce high ferronickel
The method of water replaces powder calcining in routine RKEF technique by preparing high-intensitive preheated pellets, into electro-smelting,
It solves that powder materials dust pollution is serious, is unfavorable for the problem of electric furnace gas permeability, is conducive to electric furnace highly effective, low consumption, cleaning and peace
Full production.
(3) the present invention provides molten point of a kind of low-grade laterite nickel ore grate preheating-electric furnaces (SGEF) to produce high ferronickel
The method of water, by passing through crystallization water removing, the decomposition and the two of carbonate in high temperature preheating stage, lateritic nickel ore and flux
Between sufficient solid phase reaction occurs, prepare quality pellets clinker, be conducive to subsequent electric furnace reduction melt point process, nickel it is abundant
Reduction and slag iron efficiently separate, to improve metal recovery rate.
(4) the present invention provides molten point of a kind of low-grade laterite nickel ore grate preheating-electric furnaces (SGEF) to produce high ferronickel
The method of water improves heat exchange efficiency using the mode of thermal current and bed of material countercurrent heat exchange, can greatly improve lateritic nickel ore
Into the material temperature before electric furnace, the red-hot preheated pellets hot charging of high temperature is directly entered molten point of electric furnace reduction, has saved and has been reheated to
Heat needed for dividing temperature is melted, to reduce energy consumption of electric furnace.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the process flow simplified schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Following embodiment and comparative example, unless specified or limited otherwise, used low-grade laterite nickel ore come from the smelting of Guangxi nickel
Refinery, chemical analysis are as follows: TFe18.89%, Ni1.56%, MgO 16.62%, Al2O33.31%, CaO1.5%,
SiO232.33%, LOI 16.67%；Lime stone CaO 55.73%, Al2O31.19%, SiO24.13%, MgO 2.05%,
LOI 41.52%；Dolomite CaO 25.13%, Al2O31.55%, SiO23.78%, MgO 22.42%, LOI
40.19%.
Following embodiment and comparative example, the particle of each component and broken lateritic nickel ore less than 0.074mm accounts in flux
85% or more of respective weight.
Comparative example 1
It is compared using conventional RKEF method, main flow are as follows: and molten by the lateritic nickel ore of drying aqueous 13.8%
After agent mixes, MgO/SiO is adjusted2Than being 0.5, basicity 0.3 then immediately proceeds to be roasted in rotary kiln, and maturing temperature is
800 DEG C~900 DEG C, control calcining time is 80min, then adds 10% nut coke, carries out molten point of reduction into electric furnace, electric furnace
Smelting temperature is 1600 DEG C, nickel content 8.84% in gained ferronickel water, nickel recovery 88.21%, energy consumption of electric furnace 3921KW
H/t, ferronickel cost are 9031.2 yuan/t.Conventional RKEF process yields power consumption is high, cost is big, nickel recovery is relatively low.
Comparative example 2
It is compared using conventional RKEF method, main flow are as follows: and molten by the lateritic nickel ore of drying aqueous 13.5%
After agent mixes, MgO/SiO is adjusted2Than being 0.45, basicity 0.2 then immediately proceeds to be roasted in rotary kiln, and maturing temperature is
800 DEG C~900 DEG C, control calcining time is 80min, then adds 10% nut coke, carries out molten point of reduction into electric furnace, electric furnace
Smelting temperature is 1600 DEG C, nickel content 8.52% in gained ferronickel water, nickel recovery 86.67%, energy consumption of electric furnace 3987KW
H/t, ferronickel cost are 9097.5 yuan/t.Conventional RKEF process yields power consumption is high, cost is big, nickel recovery is relatively low.
Comparative example 3
It is compared using conventional RKEF method, main flow are as follows: and molten by the lateritic nickel ore of drying aqueous 13.5%
After agent mixes, MgO/SiO is adjusted2Than being 0.65, basicity 0.3 then immediately proceeds to be roasted in rotary kiln, and maturing temperature is
900 DEG C~1000 DEG C, control calcining time is 80min, then adds 10% nut coke, carries out molten point of reduction into electric furnace, electricity
Furnace smelting temperature is 1600 DEG C, nickel content 8.66% in gained ferronickel water, nickel recovery 88.78%, and energy consumption of electric furnace is
3921KWh/t, ferronickel cost are 9045.3 yuan/t.Conventional RKEF process yields power consumption is high, cost is big, nickel recovery is relatively low.
Embodiment 1
Low-grade laterite nickel ore is dried to aqueous 13.5%, is crushed, is incorporated certain lime stone and dolomite, is adjusted
MgO/SiO2Than to be 0.45, basicity 0.2；Then by lateritic nickel ore, lime stone and dolomite strengthen mixing machine in into
Row mixes, and speed of agitator is 1200rpm, mixing time 75 seconds in strength mixed process；Pelletizing is carried out in disc balling machine again,
Pelletizing moisture is 16.5%, Balling time 12min, and being prepared into average particle size is 15mm, and shatter strength of green pellet obtained is
4.3 times/0.5m, compression strength of green pel let 11.3N/, cracking temperature of green pel let is 320 DEG C.Green-ball is in drying grate (green-ball bed depth
For by preheating 10min at 300 DEG C of dry 7min, 850 DEG C, gained preheated pellets compression strength is 610N/ on 90mm).In advance
The red-hot pelletizing that temperature is 850 DEG C or so after heat directly carries out molten point of reduction into electric furnace, and the solid that granularity is 5~25mm is added
Reducing agent nut coke, additional amount 10% carry out fusing and slag iron separation, gained nickel under the conditions of 30min between 1550 DEG C, molten timesharing
Nickel content 10.01% in molten iron, nickel recovery 95.02%, energy consumption of electric furnace 3534.33KWh/t, ferronickel cost are
8511.21 yuan/t.Compared with conventional RKEF, the SGEF method power consumption that this technique proposes is reduced, and cost decline, nickel recovery significantly increases
Add.
Comparative example 4:
Low-grade laterite nickel ore is dried to aqueous 13.5%, is crushed, is incorporated certain lime stone and dolomite, is adjusted
MgO/SiO2Than to be 0.45, basicity 0.2；Then by lateritic nickel ore, lime stone and dolomite strengthen mixing machine in into
Row mixes, and speed of agitator is 1200rpm, mixing time 75 seconds in strength mixed process；Pelletizing is carried out in disc balling machine again,
Pelletizing moisture is 16.5%, Balling time 12min, and being prepared into average particle size is 15mm, and shatter strength of green pellet obtained is
4.3 times/0.5m, compression strength of green pel let 11.3N/, cracking temperature of green pel let is 320 DEG C.Green-ball is in drying grate (green-ball bed depth
For by preheating 10min at 200 DEG C of dry 8min, 850 DEG C, gained preheated pellets compression strength is 370N/ on 90mm).In advance
The red-hot pelletizing that temperature is 850 DEG C or so after heat directly carries out molten point of reduction into electric furnace, and the solid that granularity is 5~25mm is added
Reducing agent nut coke, additional amount 10% carry out fusing and slag iron separation, gained nickel under the conditions of 30min between 1550 DEG C, molten timesharing
Nickel content 9.72% in molten iron, nickel recovery 91.33%, energy consumption of electric furnace 3642.55KWh/t, ferronickel cost are 8624.55
Member/t.Embodiment 1 is compared with comparative example 4, and when drying temperature is lower than 250 DEG C, since drying is not thorough, there are also big inside dry ball
Amount moisture is drying, causes to enter high temperature preheating band, generates a large amount of steam inside pelletizing, lead to interior pressure increase, pelletizing powder
Amount increases, and preheated ball is poor, enters furnace charge amount of powder and increases and be easy to cause power consumption to increase, in cost in electric furnace internal fracture
It rises.
Embodiment 2
Low-grade laterite nickel ore is dried to aqueous 14.7%, is crushed, is incorporated certain lime stone and dolomite, is adjusted
MgO/SiO2Than to be 0.55, basicity 0.3；Then by lateritic nickel ore, lime stone and dolomite strengthen mixing machine in into
Row mixes, and speed of agitator is 1700rpm, mixing time 90 seconds in strength mixed process；Pelletizing is carried out in disc balling machine again,
Pelletizing moisture is 16.0%, Balling time 15min, and being prepared into average particle size is 15mm, and shatter strength of green pellet obtained is
4.8 times/0.5m, compression strength of green pel let 13.2N/, cracking temperature of green pel let is 355 DEG C.Green-ball is in drying grate (green-ball bed depth
For by preheating 12min at 350 DEG C of dry 5min, 900 DEG C, gained preheated pellets compression strength is 724N/ on 100mm).In advance
The red-hot pelletizing that temperature is 900 DEG C or so after heat directly carries out molten point of reduction into electric furnace, and the solid that granularity is 5~25mm is added
Reducing agent nut coke, additional amount 12% carry out fusing and slag iron separation, gained nickel under the conditions of 35min between 1550 DEG C, molten timesharing
Nickel content 10.22% in molten iron, nickel recovery 95.78%, energy consumption of electric furnace 3321.15KWh/t, ferronickel cost are
8315.56 yuan/t.
Comparative example 5
Low-grade laterite nickel ore is dried to aqueous 14.7%, is crushed, is incorporated certain lime stone and dolomite, is adjusted
MgO/SiO2Than to be 0.55, basicity 0.3；Then by lateritic nickel ore, lime stone and dolomite strengthen mixing machine in into
Row mixes, and speed of agitator is 1700rpm, mixing time 90 seconds in strength mixed process；Pelletizing is carried out in disc balling machine again,
Pelletizing moisture is 16.0%, Balling time 15min, and being prepared into average particle size is 15mm, and shatter strength of green pellet obtained is
4.8 times/0.5m, compression strength of green pel let 13.2N/, cracking temperature of green pel let is 355 DEG C.Green-ball is in drying grate (green-ball bed depth
For by preheating 20min at 350 DEG C of dry 5min, 800 DEG C, gained preheated pellets compression strength is 544N/ on 100mm).In advance
The red-hot pelletizing that temperature is 900 DEG C or so after heat directly carries out molten point of reduction into electric furnace, and the solid that granularity is 5~25mm is added
Reducing agent nut coke, additional amount 12% carry out fusing and slag iron separation, gained nickel under the conditions of 35min between 1550 DEG C, molten timesharing
Nickel content 9.79% in molten iron, nickel recovery 93.22%, energy consumption of electric furnace 3542.33KWh/t, ferronickel cost are 8516.75
Member/t.Embodiment 2 is compared with comparative example 5, and when preheating temperature is lower than 850 DEG C, since preheating temperature is lower, pelletizing high temperature is being crystallized
Reduced capability, preheated ball reduce, and cause to be easy dusting in electric furnace, cause amount of powder big, electric furnace poor air permeability, power consumption increases
Add, cost increase, metal recovery rate decline.
Comparative example 6
Low-grade laterite nickel ore is dried to aqueous 14.7%, is crushed, is incorporated certain lime stone and dolomite, is adjusted
MgO/SiO2Than to be 0.55, basicity 0.3；Then by lateritic nickel ore, lime stone and dolomite strengthen mixing machine in into
Row mixes, and speed of agitator is 1700rpm, mixing time 90 seconds in strength mixed process；Pelletizing is carried out in disc balling machine again,
Pelletizing moisture is 16.0%, Balling time 15min, and being prepared into average particle size is 15mm, and shatter strength of green pellet obtained is
4.8 times/0.5m, compression strength of green pel let 13.2N/, cracking temperature of green pel let is 355 DEG C.Green-ball is in drying grate (green-ball bed depth
For by preheating 8min at 350 DEG C of dry 5min, 850 DEG C, gained preheated pellets compression strength is 589N/ on 100mm).In advance
The red-hot pelletizing that temperature is 900 DEG C or so after heat directly carries out molten point of reduction into electric furnace, and the solid that granularity is 5~25mm is added
Reducing agent nut coke, additional amount 12% carry out fusing and slag iron separation, gained nickel under the conditions of 35min between 1550 DEG C, molten timesharing
Nickel content 9.79% in molten iron, nickel recovery 93.22%, energy consumption of electric furnace 3542.33KWh/t, ferronickel cost are 8516.75
Member/t.Embodiment 2 is lower than 10min compared with comparative example 6, when the preheating temperature time, since preheating time is short, preheated ball drop
It is low, cause to be easy dusting in electric furnace, cause amount of powder big, electric furnace poor air permeability, power consumption increases, cost increase, metal recovery
Rate decline.
Embodiment 3
Low-grade laterite nickel ore is dried to aqueous 14.6%, is crushed, is incorporated certain lime stone and dolomite, is adjusted
MgO/SiO2Than to be 0.65, basicity 0.4；Then by lateritic nickel ore, lime stone and dolomite strengthen mixing machine in into
Row mixes, and speed of agitator is 1800rpm, mixing time 90 seconds in strength mixed process；Pelletizing is carried out in disc balling machine again,
Pelletizing moisture is 16.5%, Balling time 15min, and being prepared into average particle size is 15mm, and shatter strength of green pellet obtained is
4.9 times/0.5m, compression strength of green pel let 13.8N/, cracking temperature of green pel let is 375 DEG C.Green-ball is in drying grate (green-ball bed depth
For by preheating 15min at 350 DEG C of dry 6min, 950 DEG C, gained preheated pellets compression strength is 788N/ on 105mm).In advance
The red-hot pelletizing that temperature is 950 DEG C or so after heat directly carries out molten point of reduction into electric furnace, and the solid that granularity is 5~25mm is added
Reducing agent nut coke, additional amount 15% carry out fusing and slag iron separation, gained nickel under the conditions of 30min between 1500 DEG C, molten timesharing
Nickel content 10.32% in molten iron, nickel recovery 96.46%, energy consumption of electric furnace 3116.78KWh/t, ferronickel cost are
8145.46 yuan/t.
Comparative example 7
Low-grade laterite nickel ore is dried to aqueous 14.6%, is crushed, is incorporated certain lime stone and dolomite, is adjusted
MgO/SiO2Than to be 0.65, basicity 0.4；Then by lateritic nickel ore, lime stone and dolomite strengthen mixing machine in into
Row mixes, and speed of agitator is 1800rpm, mixing time 90 seconds in strength mixed process；Pelletizing is carried out in disc balling machine again,
Pelletizing moisture is 16.5%, Balling time 15min, and being prepared into average particle size is 15mm, and shatter strength of green pellet obtained is
4.9 times/0.5m, compression strength of green pel let 13.8N/, cracking temperature of green pel let is 375 DEG C.Green-ball is in drying grate (green-ball bed depth
For by preheating 15min at 350 DEG C of dry 6min, 950 DEG C, gained preheated pellets compression strength is 788N/ on 105mm).In advance
The red-hot pelletizing that temperature is 950 DEG C or so after heat directly carries out molten point of reduction into electric furnace, and the solid that granularity is 5~25mm is added
Reducing agent nut coke, additional amount 5% carry out fusing and slag iron separation, gained nickel under the conditions of 30min between 1500 DEG C, molten timesharing
Nickel content 10.28% in molten iron, nickel recovery 91.32%, energy consumption of electric furnace 3189.56KWh/t, ferronickel cost are
8198.33 yuan/t.Compared with Example 3, during molten point of electric furnace reduction, the additional amount of reducing agent nut coke is only for comparison 7
5%, reducing atmosphere is insufficient, causes nickel reduction insufficient, so that part of nickel is still present in slag, causes metal recovery rate significant
It reduces.
Comparative example 8
Low-grade laterite nickel ore is dried to aqueous 14.6%, is crushed, is incorporated certain lime stone and dolomite, is adjusted
MgO/SiO2Than to be 0.65, basicity 0.4；Then by lateritic nickel ore, lime stone and dolomite strengthen mixing machine in into
Row mixes, and speed of agitator is 1800rpm, mixing time 90 seconds in strength mixed process；Pelletizing is carried out in disc balling machine again,
Pelletizing moisture is 16.5%, Balling time 15min, and being prepared into average particle size is 15mm, and shatter strength of green pellet obtained is
4.9 times/0.5m, compression strength of green pel let 13.8N/, cracking temperature of green pel let is 375 DEG C.Green-ball is in drying grate (green-ball bed depth
For by preheating 15min at 350 DEG C of dry 6min, 950 DEG C, gained preheated pellets compression strength is 788N/ on 105mm).In advance
The red-hot pelletizing that temperature is 950 DEG C or so after heat directly carries out molten point of reduction into electric furnace, and the solid that granularity is 5~25mm is added
Reducing agent nut coke, additional amount 25% are melted under the conditions of 30min between 1500 DEG C, molten timesharing, and as a result electric furnace can not be normal
Iron and deslagging are arranged, it also just can not index nickel-containing molten iron.Comparison 8 compared with Example 3, during molten point of electric furnace reduction, is gone back
The additional amount of former agent nut coke is up to 25%, and excessive reducing agent digests a large amount of heat in furnace combustion process, causes not having
Abundant heat carries out the fusing of slag and ferronickel, so that slag iron separation effect is poor, slag iron is not separated, can not normally be produced.
Comparative example 9
Low-grade laterite nickel ore is dried to aqueous 14.6%, is crushed, is incorporated certain lime stone and dolomite, is adjusted
MgO/SiO2Than to be 0.65, basicity 0.4；Then by lateritic nickel ore, lime stone and dolomite strengthen mixing machine in into
Row mixes, and speed of agitator is 1800rpm, mixing time 90 seconds in strength mixed process；Pelletizing is carried out in disc balling machine again,
Pelletizing moisture is 16.5%, Balling time 15min, and being prepared into average particle size is 15mm, and shatter strength of green pellet obtained is
4.9 times/0.5m, compression strength of green pel let 13.8N/, cracking temperature of green pel let is 375 DEG C.Green-ball is in drying grate (green-ball bed depth
For by preheating 15min at 350 DEG C of dry 6min, 950 DEG C, gained preheated pellets compression strength is 788N/ on 105mm).In advance
The red-hot pelletizing that temperature is 950 DEG C or so after heat directly carries out molten point of reduction into electric furnace, and the solid that granularity is 5~25mm is added
Reducing agent nut coke, additional amount 25% are melted under the conditions of 30min between 1450 DEG C, molten timesharing, and as a result electric furnace can not be normal
Row's iron and deslagging, slag iron can not separate.Compare 9 compared with Example 3, during molten point of electric furnace reduction, furnace temperature mistake
It is low, cause slugging and change iron difficulty larger, slag and iron can not be completely melt that slag iron does not separate, and cause production that can not carry out.
Comparative example 10
Low-grade laterite nickel ore is dried to aqueous 14.6%, is crushed, is incorporated certain lime stone and dolomite, is adjusted
MgO/SiO2Than to be 0.65, basicity 0.4；Then by lateritic nickel ore, lime stone and dolomite strengthen mixing machine in into
Row mixes, and speed of agitator is 1800rpm, mixing time 90 seconds in strength mixed process；Pelletizing is carried out in disc balling machine again,
Pelletizing moisture is 16.5%, Balling time 15min, and being prepared into average particle size is 15mm, and shatter strength of green pellet obtained is
4.9 times/0.5m, compression strength of green pel let 13.8N/, cracking temperature of green pel let is 375 DEG C.Green-ball is in drying grate (green-ball bed depth
For by preheating 15min at 350 DEG C of dry 6min, 950 DEG C, gained preheated pellets compression strength is 788N/ on 105mm).In advance
The red-hot pelletizing that temperature is 950 DEG C or so after heat directly carries out molten point of reduction into electric furnace, and the solid that granularity is 5~25mm is added
Reducing agent nut coke, additional amount 15% carry out fusing and slag iron separation, gained nickel under the conditions of 30min between 1650 DEG C, molten timesharing
Nickel content 10.33% in molten iron, nickel recovery 96.52%, energy consumption of electric furnace 3255.98KWh/t, ferronickel cost are
8205.33 yuan/t.Compared with Example 3, during molten point of electric furnace reduction, furnace temperature is excessively high, leads to metal for comparison 10
The rate of recovery and nickel grade are substantially close, but energy consumption of electric furnace dramatically increases, and cost improves.
Embodiment 4
Low-grade laterite nickel ore is dried to aqueous 14.9%, is crushed, is incorporated certain lime stone and dolomite, is adjusted
MgO/SiO2Than to be 0.60, basicity 0.35；Then by lateritic nickel ore, lime stone and dolomite strengthen mixing machine in into
Row mixes, and speed of agitator is 1800rpm, mixing time 90 seconds in strength mixed process；Pelletizing is carried out in disc balling machine again,
Pelletizing moisture is 16.5%, Balling time 14min, and being prepared into average particle size is 15mm, and shatter strength of green pellet obtained is
4.7 times/0.5m, compression strength of green pel let 13.6N/, cracking temperature of green pel let is 395 DEG C.Green-ball is in drying grate (green-ball bed depth
For by preheating 20min at 380 DEG C of dry 5min, 1000 DEG C, gained preheated pellets compression strength is 856N/ on 110mm).
The red-hot pelletizing that temperature is 1000 DEG C or so after preheating directly carries out molten point of reduction into electric furnace, and it is 5~25mm's that granularity, which is added,
Solid reductant nut coke, additional amount 15% carry out fusing and slag iron separation, institute under the conditions of 30min between 1500 DEG C, molten timesharing
Nickel content 10.43% in ferronickel water, nickel recovery 97.02%, energy consumption of electric furnace 2864.67KWh/t, ferronickel cost are
7856.67 yuan/t.
Comparative example 11
Low-grade laterite nickel ore is dried to aqueous 14.9%, is crushed, is incorporated certain lime stone and dolomite, is adjusted
MgO/SiO2Than to be 0.60, basicity 0.35；Then by lateritic nickel ore, lime stone and dolomite strengthen mixing machine in into
Row mixes, and speed of agitator is 1800rpm, mixing time 90 seconds in strength mixed process；Pelletizing is carried out in disc balling machine again,
Pelletizing moisture is 16.5%, Balling time 14min, and being prepared into average particle size is 15mm, and shatter strength of green pellet obtained is
4.7 times/0.5m, compression strength of green pel let 13.6N/, cracking temperature of green pel let is 395 DEG C.Green-ball is in drying grate (green-ball bed depth
For by preheating 20min at 380 DEG C of dry 5min, 1000 DEG C, gained preheated pellets compression strength is 856N/ on 110mm).
The red-hot pelletizing that temperature is 1000 DEG C or so after preheating directly carries out molten point of reduction into electric furnace, and it is 5~25mm's that granularity, which is added,
Solid reductant nut coke, additional amount 15% carry out fusing and slag iron separation, institute under the conditions of 20min between 1500 DEG C, molten timesharing
Nickel content 10.21% in ferronickel water, nickel recovery 92.55%, energy consumption of electric furnace 2854.46KWh/t, ferronickel cost are
7898.75 yuan/t.Comparison 11 is compared with Example 4, short between molten timesharing during molten point of electric furnace reduction, leads to slag iron point
From not completing, the rate of recovery for ultimately causing nickel is substantially reduced, and ferronickel cost increased.
Comparative example 12
Low-grade laterite nickel ore is dried to aqueous 14.9%, is crushed, is incorporated certain lime stone and dolomite, is adjusted
MgO/SiO2Than to be 0.60, basicity 0.35；Then by lateritic nickel ore, lime stone and dolomite strengthen mixing machine in into
Row mixes, and speed of agitator is 1800rpm, mixing time 90 seconds in strength mixed process；Pelletizing is carried out in disc balling machine again,
Pelletizing moisture is 16.5%, Balling time 14min, and being prepared into average particle size is 15mm, and shatter strength of green pellet obtained is
4.7 times/0.5m, compression strength of green pel let 13.6N/, cracking temperature of green pel let is 395 DEG C.Green-ball is in drying grate (green-ball bed depth
For by preheating 20min at 380 DEG C of dry 5min, 1000 DEG C, gained preheated pellets compression strength is 856N/ on 110mm).
The red-hot pelletizing that temperature is 1000 DEG C or so after preheating directly carries out molten point of reduction into electric furnace, and it is 5~25mm's that granularity, which is added,
Solid reductant nut coke, additional amount 15% carry out fusing and slag iron separation, institute under the conditions of 50min between 1500 DEG C, molten timesharing
Nickel content 10.41% in ferronickel water, nickel recovery 97.12%, energy consumption of electric furnace 2945.78KWh/t, ferronickel cost are
7924.15 yuan/t.Compared with Example 4, metal content is substantially close with the rate of recovery for comparison 11, but due to molten point of electric furnace reduction
In the process, it melts and divides overlong time, power consumption is caused to increase, cost improves.
SGEF method proposed by the present invention is compared with conventional RKEF method, and nickel grade improves 1.2 in prepared ferronickel water
Percentage point or so, nickel recovery improve 6 percentage points or more, and energy consumption of electric furnace reduces by 387~1057KWh/t, under ferronickel cost
520~1175 yuan/ton of drop.
As known by the technical knowledge, the present invention can pass through the embodiment party of other essence without departing from its spirit or essential feature
Case is realized.Therefore, embodiment disclosed above, in all respects are merely illustrative, not the only.Institute
Have within the scope of the present invention or is included in the invention in the change being equal in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of low-grade laterite nickel ore grate preheating-electric furnace melts the mitogenetic method for producing nickelic molten iron, which is characterized in that including
Following steps:
S1, lateritic nickel ore is pre-processed through drying, broken acquisition lateritic nickel ore powder,
S2, lateritic nickel ore powder and flux, which mix to obtain, mixes material, pelletizing acquisition green-ball,
S3, green-ball is entered in grate be dried, preheating and baking obtain preheated pellets,
S4, preheated pellets enter in electric furnace after mixing with reducing agent carries out molten point, that is, obtains nickelic molten iron and clinker.
2. a kind of low-grade laterite nickel ore grate preheating-electric furnace according to claim 1 melts the mitogenetic nickelic molten iron of production
Method, it is characterised in that: in step S1, it is 13~15% that lateritic nickel ore, which is pre-processed through drying to its water content,.
3. a kind of low-grade laterite nickel ore grate preheating-electric furnace according to claim 1 melts the mitogenetic nickelic molten iron of production
Method, it is characterised in that: in step S1, laterite will be obtained using high pressure roller mill is broken through the pretreated lateritic nickel ore of drying
Nickel minerals powder, rolling pressure is 300~500KN/m during the high pressure roller mill；
In step S1, partial size < 0.5mm in the lateritic nickel ore powder, and partial size is -0.074mm in the lateritic nickel ore powder
The quality of particle account for 85% or more of lateritic nickel ore powder gross mass.
4. a kind of low-grade laterite nickel ore grate preheating-electric furnace according to claim 1 melts the mitogenetic nickelic molten iron of production
Method, it is characterised in that: in step S2, the flux is lime stone and dolomite, w (MgO)/w in the mixing material
(SiO2)=0.4~0.8, dual alkalinity are 0.1~0.4；In step S2, lateritic nickel ore powder and flux are in intensive mixer
It mixes, then carries out pelletizing in disc balling machine and obtain green-ball, when the mixing, speed of agitator 1200-1800rpm, stir
Mix time 60-90S.
5. a kind of low-grade laterite nickel ore grate preheating-electric furnace according to claim 1 melts the mitogenetic nickelic molten iron of production
Method, it is characterised in that: in step S2, Balling time is 10~15min, pelletizing moisture 16%~18%, the grain of the green-ball
Degree is 10~20mm.
6. a kind of low-grade laterite nickel ore grate preheating-electric furnace according to claim 1 melts the mitogenetic nickelic molten iron of production
Method, it is characterised in that: in step S3, green-ball is in grate, bed depth 80-100mm.
7. a kind of low-grade laterite nickel ore grate preheating-electric furnace according to claim 1 melts the mitogenetic nickelic molten iron of production
Method, it is characterised in that: in step S3, dry temperature is 250~450 DEG C, and the time is 4~8min.
8. a kind of low-grade laterite nickel ore grate preheating-electric furnace according to claim 1 melts the mitogenetic nickelic molten iron of production
Method, it is characterised in that: in step S3, the temperature of the preheating and baking is 850~1050 DEG C, the time of preheating and baking is 10~
20min。
9. a kind of low-grade laterite nickel ore grate preheating-electric furnace according to claim 1 melts the mitogenetic nickelic molten iron of production
Method, it is characterised in that: in step S4, the reducing agent is nut coke, and the granularity of the reducing agent is 5~20mm, is used
Amount is the 10~20% of preheated pellets quality.
10. a kind of low-grade laterite nickel ore grate preheating-electric furnace according to claim 1 melts the mitogenetic nickelic molten iron of production
Method, it is characterised in that: in step S4, the temperature that molten point of the electric furnace is 1500 DEG C~1600 DEG C, and melting the time divided is 25
~45min.
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