CN110157455B - Continuous garbage anaerobic pyrolysis device, garbage pyrolysis coupling power generation device and technology - Google Patents
Continuous garbage anaerobic pyrolysis device, garbage pyrolysis coupling power generation device and technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN110157455B CN110157455B CN201910413942.5A CN201910413942A CN110157455B CN 110157455 B CN110157455 B CN 110157455B CN 201910413942 A CN201910413942 A CN 201910413942A CN 110157455 B CN110157455 B CN 110157455B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/04—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for specific purposes other than heating
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of garbage treatment, and particularly relates to a continuous garbage anaerobic pyrolysis device, a garbage pyrolysis coupling power station boiler power generation device and a technology. The continuous anaerobic garbage pyrolysis device comprises a feeding unit, a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body, a gas-solid separation device, a dust removal device, a gas induced draft fan, a material returning device and a material returning fan. The power generation device of the garbage pyrolysis coupling power station boiler comprises a power station boiler, a steam turbine and a generator besides all equipment of the garbage pyrolysis device. The device and the process have the advantages of complete oxygen insulation, no dioxin, high utilization efficiency of pyrolysis gas, no adverse effect on boilers and fly ash and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of garbage treatment, and particularly relates to a device and a process for coupling garbage pyrolysis with power generation of a power station.
Background
In recent years, with the improvement of the living standard of people, the urbanization process is accelerated, the discharge amount of urban garbage is rapidly increased, and various garbage treatment technologies are developed. Among them, the waste incineration power generation technology has the characteristics of large waste treatment scale, large volume reduction rate, high energy utilization efficiency and the like, and becomes the mainstream technology of the current waste treatment. However, in the incineration process of the garbage, a large amount of dioxin is generated, the dioxin is a strong carcinogen and is extremely difficult to degrade in the natural world, and due to special properties of the dioxin, online monitoring cannot be realized, and the detection cost is high, so that the supervision and control of the dioxin discharge amount of a garbage incineration power plant are known to be real and dead, and in addition, a large amount of chlorine-containing products and fly ash are generated in the garbage incineration power generation, so that the heating surface of the power plant boiler and the quality of the fly ash are adversely affected, and even the safe and stable operation of a coal-fired unit is affected. In comparison, the waste pyrolysis technology is a more environment-friendly waste treatment process, but the pyrolysis device also has many limitations, such as poor stability, low efficiency, difficult equipment scale-up and the like.
Meanwhile, along with the reform and adjustment of national energy structures, the annual utilization hours of domestic coal-fired power plants are frequently innovative and low, so that serious resources are left unused, and the biomass pyrolysis gasification coupled power station boiler power generation technology is also one of new trends in the field of garbage treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that in order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the background technology, the invention provides a continuous garbage anaerobic pyrolysis device which comprises a feeding unit, a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body, a gas-solid separation device, a dust removal device, a gas induced draft fan, a material returning device and a material returning fan; the feeding port of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body is connected with the feeding unit, the gas outlet end of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body is connected with the inlet end of the gas-solid separation device, and the bottom material returning inlet end of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body is connected with the material returning device; the bottom solid outlet end of the gas-solid separation device is connected with the material returning device, and the gas outlet end of the gas-solid separation device is connected with the inlet end of the dust removal device; the gas outlet end of the dust removal device is connected with the gas induced draft fan; the gas draught fan is connected with the material returning device through a material returning fan and a first pipeline, and is connected with a gas inlet end at the bottom of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body through a second pipeline.
The main idea of the technical scheme is that a gas-solid separation device, a dust removal device, a material returning device and a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body are connected through a gas draught fan and a pipeline, a fluidized medium required by the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body and a material returning medium required by the material returning device are replaced by high-temperature gas generated in the device, and a heat source is provided for system pyrolysis, so that anaerobic pyrolysis of garbage is realized by utilizing fluidized bed equipment, oxygen is prevented from entering the system, generation of dioxin in the garbage utilization process is avoided, and compared with conventional garbage pyrolysis equipment, the pyrolysis efficiency is higher, and the system operation is more stable; meanwhile, the dust removal device is arranged to collect the carbon residue which is not separated by the gas-solid separation device.
Preferably, the bottom of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body is conical. The reason for the design is that the adopted fluidizing medium is fuel gas, so the gas quantity is slightly insufficient, and the conical design of the bottom of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body is used for improving the fluidizing speed of the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace and realizing the good fluidization of the garbage in the furnace.
Preferably, the positive pressure feeding unit comprises a raw material bin, a primary hopper, a secondary hopper and a reducing feeding screw; the raw material bin, the primary hopper, the secondary hopper and the reducing feeding screw are sequentially connected from top to bottom, and a No. 1 sealing valve is arranged at the joint of the raw material bin and the primary hopper; a 2# sealing valve is arranged at the joint of the first-stage hopper and the second-stage hopper; the one-level hopper still is connected with relief valve, 1# pressure charging valve, high-order charge level indicator and low level charge level indicator, and the second grade hopper still is connected with 2# pressure charging valve and second grade hopper manometer, reducing feed spiral is provided with the water-cooling jacket with this body junction of fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, and the relief valve is connected with the pressure release buffer tank.
Above-mentioned malleation feed unit can realize the automatic continuous feeding of device through setting up three hopper, three seal valve and high-order, low level charge level indicator, simultaneously through filling inert gas and being provided with two pressure-charging valves and reducing feed spiral in order to guarantee the inside malleation of feed unit, avoids inside the air admission device, also prevents simultaneously that the inside gas of fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body from scurrying in the feed unit.
Preferably, a gas heat exchanger, a dry dechlorinating device and a high-temperature filtering device are sequentially connected between the gas-solid separation device and the gas induced draft fan, the gas inlet end of the gas heat exchanger is connected with the gas outlet end of the gas-solid separation device, and the gas outlet end of the high-temperature filtering device is connected with the gas induced draft fan.
The gas heat exchanger is arranged to reduce the temperature of the gas, so that the subsequent system gas dechlorination and gas conveying are facilitated. The high-temperature filtering device and the dry dechlorination device can collect fly ash generated in the garbage pyrolysis process and remove chlorine in fuel gas, and fly ash and chlorine-containing products going to a power station boiler system are reduced, so that adverse effects on the heating surface of the power station boiler and the quality of the boiler fly ash are avoided.
Preferably, a gas combustion chamber is further arranged on the second pipeline between the gas induced draft fan and the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body.
The purpose of setting up the gas combustion chamber lies in, burns to the partial gas that the system produced, carries the fluidized bed pyrolysis oven body with produced heat in, for the pyrolysis of the interior rubbish of stove provides the heat to realize the steady operation of fluidized bed pyrolysis oven body under the condition of isolated oxygen.
Preferably, the pipeline for conveying the high-temperature flue gas or the mixed gas of the high-temperature flue gas and the flue gas generated after combustion in the gas combustion chamber is of an internal heat insulation structure.
Preferably, the gas combustion chamber is a heat insulation structure, and the gas combustion chamber and the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body can be designed into an integral structure.
The invention also provides a power generation device of the continuous garbage anaerobic pyrolysis coupling power station boiler, which comprises the continuous garbage anaerobic pyrolysis device in any one of the technical schemes, the power station boiler, the steam turbine and the generator, wherein the power station boiler is connected with the gas induced draft fan through a gas pipeline and is connected with the steam turbine through a steam pipeline; the steam turbine is connected with the generator.
The advantage of this preferred technical scheme lies in can make full use of power plant boiler's high temperature combustion environment, high-efficient power generation facility, perfect environmental protection facility, realize high-efficient, the environmental protection of rubbish pyrolysis gas and utilize. Preferably, the steam turbine is further connected with a heat exchange medium inlet of the gas heat exchanger through a pipeline. The design aims at utilizing the steam extraction of the steam turbine to cool the fuel gas generated by pyrolysis so as to avoid the separation of tar in the fuel gas heat exchanger; meanwhile, after the temperature of the steam for cooling is raised through the gas heat exchanger, the heat energy of the steam can be reused according to specific conditions, and the energy utilization efficiency of the device is improved.
Preferably, the pressure relief buffer tank is provided with a gas outlet valve, and the gas outlet valve is connected with a gas combustion part of the power station boiler through a pipeline. The design has the advantages that polluted gas released from the feeding device can be introduced into the power station boiler to be combusted, and the environmental protection performance of the device is improved.
According to the continuous garbage pyrolytic coupling power station boiler power generation device, the invention provides a continuous garbage anaerobic pyrolytic coupling power station boiler power generation process, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing garbage waste and bed materials required by the process, wherein the bed materials are firstly added into the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body through a feeding unit, and the garbage waste is pretreated and then added into the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body through the feeding unit;
(2) the garbage waste is added into the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body and then pyrolyzed to generate garbage carbon residue and fuel gas, the carbon residue carried by the fuel gas enters a gas-solid separation device, the solid material separated by the gas-solid separation device returns to the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body through a material returning device to continue reacting, and the carbon residue not separated by the gas-solid separation device is collected through a dust removal device; the fuel gas is sent to the fuel gas heat exchanger through a pipeline;
(3) cooling the fuel gas in the fuel gas heat exchanger, then sending the cooled fuel gas to a dry dechlorinating device to remove chlorine in the flue gas, further removing fly ash carried in the fuel gas by a high-temperature filter, and then sending the fuel gas to a fuel gas induced draft fan;
(4) the gas is pressurized by a gas induced draft fan and then is divided into three paths for processing: one path of the waste gas is sent to a gas combustion chamber for combustion, and the generated high-temperature gas or the mixed gas of the high-temperature flue gas and the gas is sent to a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body to provide a heat source and a fluidized medium for garbage pyrolysis; one path of the power is sent to a boiler power generation unit of a gas coupling power station to carry out coupling combustion power generation; one path of the material is pressurized by a material returning fan and then is used as a material returning medium to be sent to the material returning device;
in the coupling combustion power generation process, the fuel gas is firstly introduced into a power station boiler for coupling combustion to generate steam, a steam turbine is pushed to generate power, the steam extracted from the steam turbine is sent to the fuel gas heat exchanger to cool the fuel gas, and the steam after heat exchange is flexibly utilized according to actual conditions.
As a preferable aspect of the above process, the apparatus of the feeding unit in the step (1) includes: the device comprises a raw material bin, a primary hopper, a secondary hopper and a reducing feeding screw; the raw material bin, the primary hopper, the secondary hopper and the reducing feeding screw are sequentially connected from top to bottom;
when feeding:
a. firstly, adding raw materials into the raw material bin for later use;
b. when the material level of the raw material in the primary hopper is low, performing low-level alarm through a low-level material level meter arranged at the bottom of the primary hopper, and then closing a No. 2 sealing valve connecting the primary hopper and the secondary hopper;
c. opening a pressure relief valve arranged on the primary hopper, relieving the pressure of the primary hopper to normal pressure, opening a No. 1 sealing valve connecting the raw material bin and the primary hopper, and conveying the raw material from the raw material bin to the primary hopper;
d. performing material level height alarm through a high-level material level meter arranged at the top of the primary hopper, then closing the 1# sealing valve, opening a 1# pressurizing valve arranged on the primary hopper, and closing the 1# pressurizing valve when the pressure is slightly higher than the pressure of the secondary hopper;
e. opening a No. 2 sealing valve, feeding the raw materials into a secondary hopper from a primary hopper, and then conveying the raw materials to the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body through a reducing feeding screw;
f. and repeating the steps when the low level indicator gives an alarm.
As the optimization of the process, the positive pressure feeding unit runs at micro positive pressure, and is sealed and pressurized by using inert gas; the required bed material also adds through the malleation feed unit, the 2# pressure-charging valve keeps normally opening when malleation feed unit daily operation, maintains that second grade hopper pressure is higher than fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body pressure, and pressure differential maintains 0-1000pa, and 2# pressure-charging valve is by the pressure differential interlocking control between fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body and the second grade hopper, according to its aperture of pressure differential automatically regulated.
Preferably, the temperature of steam generated by steam extraction of the steam turbine is 300-.
As the optimization of the process, the granularity of the crushed biological garbage, organic solid waste and medical garbage is less than or equal to 10cm, and the water content is less than or equal to 40 percent; the pressure at the raw material inlet of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body is-500-2000 pa; the pyrolysis temperature of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body is 500-800 ℃; the gas flow velocity in the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body is 4-15 m/s; the separation efficiency of the gas-solid separation device to the circulating material with the grain diameter less than 0.8mm is less than or equal to 25 percent; the grain diameter of the bed material is 0.5-2.5 mm; the temperature of a gas outlet in the gas heat exchanger is 350-500 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. according to the invention, the garbage is pyrolyzed by using the circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, and a high-temperature gas and flue gas mixture or high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion of gas generated by pyrolysis of the garbage is used as a fluidizing medium and a heat source of the pyrolysis furnace, so that air is not required to be introduced from an external system; meanwhile, a continuous positive pressure feeding unit is adopted for feeding, and inert gas is used for sealing and pressurizing. The two are combined to realize anaerobic pyrolysis of the garbage by using the circulating fluidized bed, no dioxin is generated in the garbage heat utilization process, and the equipment runs efficiently and stably.
2. The invention collects the fly ash generated in the garbage pyrolysis process by using the high-temperature filter, removes chlorine in the fuel gas by using the dry dechlorination device, and reduces the fly ash and chlorine-containing products going to the power station boiler system, thereby avoiding the adverse effects on the heating surface of the power station boiler and the quality of the fly ash of the boiler.
3. The fuel gas generated by the system is sent to the power station boiler for coupled combustion, the stable high-temperature combustion environment of the power station boiler, the high-efficiency power generation device and the perfect environment-friendly device are fully utilized, and the high-efficiency and environment-friendly utilization of the garbage pyrolysis fuel gas is realized.
4. The invention utilizes the steam extraction of the steam turbine to realize the cooling of the biomass fuel gas, thereby preventing tar from being separated out in the fuel gas heat exchanger, simultaneously recovering the sensible heat of the fuel gas, and flexibly utilizing the steam after heat exchange according to the actual situation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a continuous anaerobic pyrolysis garbage coupling power station boiler power generation device.
Illustration of the drawings:
1. a pressure relief valve; 2. 1# pressurizing valve; 3. 2# pressurizing valve; 4. a raw material bin; 5. 1# sealing valve; 6. a high level gauge; 7. a first-stage hopper; 8. a low level indicator; 9. 2# sealing valve; 10. a secondary hopper; 11. a secondary hopper pressure gauge; 12. a # 3 sealing valve; 13. a pressure gauge of a feed inlet of the pyrolysis furnace; 14. reducing feeding screw; 15. a water-cooled jacket; 16. a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body; 17. a gas-solid separation device; 18. a dust removal device; 19. a gas heat exchanger; 20. a dry dechlorination device; 21. a high temperature filtration device; 22. a gas induced draft fan; 23. a material returning fan; 24. a gas combustion chamber; 25. a material returning device; 26. a flue gas treatment device; 27. a boiler induced draft fan; 28. a chimney; 29. a utility boiler; 30. a steam turbine; 31. a generator; 32. and (5) a pressure relief buffer tank.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will be described more fully and in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.
It should be particularly noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to, connected to or communicated with" another element, it can be directly fixed to, connected to or communicated with the other element or indirectly fixed to, connected to or communicated with the other element through other intermediate connecting components.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example 1:
as shown in the schematic structural diagram of the boiler power generation device of the refuse pyrolysis coupling power station in fig. 1, the device includes a pressure release valve 1, a 1# pressurizing valve 2, a 2# pressurizing valve 3, a raw material bin 4, a 1# sealing valve 5, a high-level material level meter 6, and a primary hopper 7; the device comprises a low-level charge level indicator 8, a 2# sealing valve 9, a secondary hopper 10, a secondary hopper pressure gauge 11, a 3# sealing valve 12, a pyrolysis furnace feed inlet pressure gauge 13, a reducing feed screw 14, a water-cooling jacket 15, a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body 16, a gas-solid separation device 17, a dust removal device 18, a gas heat exchanger 19, a dry dechlorination device 20, a high-temperature filtering device 21, a gas induced draft fan 22, a material returning fan 23, a gas combustion chamber 24, a material returning device 25, a flue gas treatment device 26, a boiler induced draft fan 27, a chimney 28, a power station boiler 29, a steam turbine 30, a generator 31 and a pressure relief buffer tank 32.
Wherein raw materials feed bin 4, 1# sealing valve 5, one-level hopper 7, 2# sealing valve 9, second grade hopper 10, 3# sealing valve 12, reducing feed spiral 14 is from last to being connected gradually down, one-level hopper 7 still is connected with relief valve 1, 1# pressure charging valve 2, high-order charge level indicator 6, low level charge level indicator 8, second grade hopper 10 still is connected with 2# pressure charging valve 3 and second grade hopper manometer 11, reducing feed spiral 14 and fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body 16 department of succession are provided with water-cooling jacket 15, relief valve 1 is connected with pressure release buffer tank 32, pressure release buffer tank 32 gas outlet is connected with power plant boiler 29. The fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body 16 is also respectively connected with a gas-solid separation device 17, a fluidized fan, a gas combustion chamber 24 and a material returning device 25, the bottom of the gas-solid separation device 17 is connected with the material returning device 25, the top of the gas-solid separation device is connected with a dust removal device 18, a gas heat exchanger 19 is connected with the dust removal device 18 and a steam turbine 30, a dry-type dechlorination device 20 is connected with the gas heat exchanger 19 and a high-temperature filtering device 21, and the high-temperature filtering device 21 is respectively connected with a power station boiler 29, the gas combustion chamber 24 and the material returning fan 23 through a gas induced draft fan. The utility boiler 29 is respectively connected with a flue gas treatment device 26 and a steam turbine 30, the flue gas treatment device 26 is also connected with a chimney 28 through a boiler induced draft fan 27, and the steam turbine 30 is connected with a generator 31 and the gas heat exchanger 19.
Example 2:
a continuous garbage anaerobic pyrolysis coupling power station boiler power generation process adopting the device in the embodiment 1 is adopted, required raw materials and bed materials are prepared, the particle size of the bed materials is 0.5-2mm, and the bed materials are firstly added into a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body 16 through a feeding unit; the selected raw materials are domestic garbage, and are added into a raw material bin 4 for standby after being pretreated, the granularity of the pretreated raw materials is less than or equal to 5cm, and the water content is less than or equal to 25%. When the low level indicator 8 gives an alarm, the 2# sealing valve 9 is closed; then opening the pressure release valve 1, releasing the pressure of the primary hopper 7 to normal pressure, opening the No. 1 sealing valve 5, and conveying the raw materials from the raw material bin 4 to the primary hopper 7; after the high-level charge level indicator 6 gives an alarm, the 1# sealing valve 5 is closed, the 1# pressurizing valve 2 is opened, inert gas is charged, the primary hopper 7 starts to pressurize, and the 1# pressurizing valve 2 is closed when the pressure is slightly higher than the pressure of the secondary hopper 10; then, the 2# sealing valve 9 is opened, the raw material is sent from the primary hopper 7 to the secondary hopper 10, and then is conveyed into the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body 16 through the reducing feed screw 14. Wherein, the filled inert gas is nitrogen. The pressure of the connection part of the reducing feeding screw 14 and the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body 16 is maintained at 200 Pa, and the pressure difference between the secondary hopper 10 and the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body 16 is maintained at 100 Pa. And the decompressed gas is buffered by a buffer tank and then sent to a boiler for incineration.
The garbage is pyrolyzed after being added into the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body 16, the temperature in the pyrolysis furnace is 650 ℃, the gas flow velocity in the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body 16 is 4.5m/s, the garbage carbon residue and the gas are generated by pyrolysis, after the carbon residue carried by the gas is collected by the gas-solid separation device 17, the gas returns to the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body 16 through the material returning device 25 to continue reacting, the separation efficiency of the gas-solid separation device 17 on the material with the particle size smaller than 0.8mm is 20%, the carbon residue not collected by the gas-solid separation device 17 is collected by the dust removal device 18, and the gas is sent to the gas heat exchanger 19 after passing through the dust removal device 18.
The gas is cooled to 400 ℃ in the gas heat exchanger 19 and then sent to a dry dechlorinating device 20 to remove chlorine in the flue gas, the temperature in the dry dechlorinating device 20 is 370 ℃, and fly ash carried in the gas is further removed by a high-temperature filtering device 21 and then sent to a gas induced draft fan 22; the gas is pressurized by a gas induced draft fan 22 and then is divided into three paths for processing: one path of the waste gas is sent to a gas combustion chamber 24 for combustion, the air distribution excess coefficient in the gas combustion chamber 24 is controlled to be 0.9, the temperature in the gas combustion chamber 24 is 950 ℃, and high-temperature gas and flue gas generated by combustion are sent to a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body 16 to provide a heat source and a fluidizing medium for waste pyrolysis; one path is sent to a power station boiler 29 for coupling combustion power generation; one path is pressurized by a material returning fan 23 and then sent to a material returning device 25 to be used as a material returning medium.
The gas is coupled and combusted in the power station boiler 29 to produce steam, the steam turbine 30 is pushed to generate power, steam with the temperature of 350 ℃ is extracted from the steam turbine 30 and is sent to the gas heat exchanger 19 to cool the gas, the temperature of the steam after heat exchange is 400 ℃, the steam is sent to the steam reheating system to be used for power generation of the steam turbine 30, and flue gas generated by the power station boiler 29 is processed by the flue gas processing device 26 and then is exhausted from the chimney 28 through the boiler induced draft fan 27.
Example 3:
the continuous anaerobic pyrolysis coupling power station boiler power generation process for the garbage, which adopts the device in the embodiment 1, comprises the steps of preparing required raw materials and bed materials, wherein the selected raw materials are medical garbage, carrying out pretreatment such as sorting and crushing on the raw materials, and then adding the pretreated raw materials into a raw material bin 4 for later use, wherein the granularity of the crushed raw materials is less than or equal to 8cm, and the water content of the crushed raw materials is less than or equal to 30%. The grain diameter of the bed material is 0.5-2.5 mm. When the low level indicator 8 gives an alarm, the 2# sealing valve 9 is closed; then opening the pressure release valve 1, releasing the pressure of the primary hopper 7 to normal pressure, opening the No. 1 sealing valve 5, and conveying the raw materials from the raw material bin 4 to the primary hopper 7; after the high-level charge level indicator 6 gives an alarm, the 1# sealing valve 5 is closed, the 1# pressurizing valve 2 is opened, inert gas is charged, the primary hopper 7 starts to pressurize, and the 1# pressurizing valve 2 is closed when the pressure is slightly higher than the pressure of the secondary hopper 10; then, the 2# sealing valve 9 is opened, the raw material is sent from the primary hopper 7 to the secondary hopper 10, and then is conveyed into the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body 16 through the reducing feed screw 14. Wherein, the filled inert gas is nitrogen, the pressure of the joint of the reducing feeding screw 14 and the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body 16 is maintained at 400 Pa, and the pressure difference between the secondary hopper 10 and the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body 16 is maintained at 250 Pa. And the decompressed gas is buffered by a buffer tank and then sent to a boiler for incineration.
The garbage is pyrolyzed after being added into the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body 16, the temperature in the pyrolysis furnace is 700 ℃, garbage carbon residue and fuel gas are generated by pyrolysis, the carbon residue carried by the fuel gas is collected by the gas-solid separation device 17 and then returns to the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body 16 through the material returning device 25 to continue reacting, the separation efficiency of the gas-solid separation device 17 on the material with the particle size smaller than 0.8mm is 25%, the carbon residue not collected by the gas-solid separation device 17 is collected by the dust removal device 18, and the fuel gas is sent to the fuel gas heat exchanger 19 after passing through the dust removal device 18.
Cooling the fuel gas to 420 ℃ in the fuel gas heat exchanger 19, then sending the fuel gas to a dry dechlorinating device 20 to remove chlorine in the flue gas, wherein the temperature in the dry dechlorinating device 20 is 380 ℃, and then further removing fly ash carried in the fuel gas through a high-temperature filtering device 21 and sending the fly ash to a fuel gas induced draft fan 22; the gas is pressurized by a gas induced draft fan 22 and then is divided into three paths for processing: one path of the waste gas is sent to a gas combustion chamber 24 for combustion, the air distribution excess coefficient in the gas combustion chamber 24 is controlled to be 0.8, the temperature in the gas combustion chamber 24 is 1000 ℃, and high-temperature gas and flue gas generated by combustion are sent to a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body 16 to provide a heat source and a fluidizing medium for waste pyrolysis; one path is sent to a power station boiler 29 for coupling combustion power generation; one path is pressurized by a material returning fan 23 and then sent to a material returning device 25 to be used as a material returning medium.
The fuel gas is coupled and combusted in the power station boiler 29 to produce steam, the steam turbine 30 is pushed to generate power, the steam with the temperature of 400 ℃ is extracted from the steam turbine 30 and is sent to the fuel gas heat exchanger 19 to cool the fuel gas, the temperature of the steam after heat exchange is 480 ℃, the steam is sent to the steam reheating system to be used for the power generation of the steam turbine 30, and the flue gas generated by the power station boiler 29 is treated by the flue gas treatment device 26 and then is discharged from the chimney 28 through the boiler induced draft.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a continuous type rubbish anoxybiotic pyrolysis device which characterized in that: comprises a feeding unit, a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body (16), a gas-solid separation device (17), a dust removal device (18), a gas induced draft fan (22), a material returning device (25) and a material returning fan (23); the feeding port of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body (16) is connected with the feeding unit, the gas outlet end of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body (16) is connected with the inlet end of the gas-solid separation device (17), and the bottom material returning inlet end of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body (16) is connected with the material returning device (25); the bottom solid outlet end of the gas-solid separation device (17) is connected with the material returning device (25), and the gas outlet end of the gas-solid separation device (17) is connected with the inlet end of the dust removal device (18); the gas outlet end of the dust removal device (18) is connected with the gas induced draft fan (22); the gas induced draft fan (22) is connected with the material returning device (25) through a material returning fan (23) and a first pipeline, and is connected with a gas inlet end at the bottom of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body (16) through a second pipeline; and a gas combustion chamber (24) is also arranged on the second pipeline between the gas induced draft fan (22) and the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body (16).
2. The continuous anaerobic garbage pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the feeding unit comprises a raw material bin (4), a primary hopper (7), a secondary hopper (10) and a reducing feeding screw (14); the raw material bin (4), the primary hopper (7), the secondary hopper (10) and the reducing feed screw (14) are sequentially connected from top to bottom, and a No. 1 sealing valve (5) is arranged at the joint of the raw material bin (4) and the primary hopper (7); a 2# sealing valve (9) is arranged at the joint of the first-stage hopper (7) and the second-stage hopper (10); one-level hopper (7) still are connected with relief valve (1), 1# pressure charging valve (2), high-order charge level indicator (6) and low level charge level indicator (8), and second grade hopper (10) still are connected with 2# pressure charging valve (3) and second grade hopper manometer (11), reducing feed spiral (14) and fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body (16) junction are provided with water-cooling and press from both sides cover (15), and relief valve (1) is connected with pressure release buffer tank (32).
3. The continuous anaerobic garbage pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: gas-solid separator (17) with between gas draught fan (22), still connected gradually gas heat exchanger (19), dry-type dechlorination ware (20) and high temperature filter equipment (21), this gas heat exchanger (19) gas entry end is connected with gas-solid separator (17) gas outlet end, and this high temperature filter equipment (21) gas outlet end links to each other with gas draught fan (22).
4. The utility model provides a continuous type rubbish anoxybiotic pyrolysis coupling power plant boiler power generation facility which characterized in that: comprising the continuous anaerobic garbage pyrolysis device of any one of claims 1 to 3, and a power station boiler (29), a steam turbine (30) and a generator (31), wherein the power station boiler (29) is connected with a gas induced draft fan (22) through a gas pipeline and is connected with the steam turbine (30) through a steam pipeline; the steam turbine (30) is connected to a generator (31).
5. The continuous refuse anaerobic pyrolysis coupling power station boiler power plant according to claim 4, characterized in that: still be connected with gas heat exchanger (19) between gas-solid separator (17) and gas draught fan (22), steam turbine (30) through the pipeline with gas heat exchanger (19) heat transfer medium entry is connected.
6. A continuous garbage anaerobic pyrolysis coupling power station boiler power generation process is characterized in that: the process comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing garbage waste and bed materials required by the process, wherein the bed materials are firstly added into a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body (16) through a feeding unit, and the garbage waste is pretreated and then added into the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body (16) through the feeding unit;
(2) the garbage waste is added into the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body (16) and then pyrolyzed to generate garbage carbon residue and fuel gas, the carbon residue carried by the fuel gas enters a gas-solid separation device (17), the solid material separated by the gas-solid separation device (17) returns to the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body (16) through a material returning device (25) to continue to react, and the carbon residue not separated by the gas-solid separation device (17) is collected through a dust removal device (18); the separated fuel gas is sent to a fuel gas heat exchanger (19) through a pipeline;
(3) the fuel gas is sent to a dry-type dechlorinating device (20) to remove chlorine in the flue gas after being cooled in the fuel gas heat exchanger (19), and then is sent to a fuel gas induced draft fan (22) after fly ash carried in the fuel gas is further removed by a high-temperature filter (21);
(4) the fuel gas is pressurized by a fuel gas induced draft fan (22) and then is divided into three paths for processing: one path of the waste gas is sent to a gas combustion chamber (24) for combustion, and the generated high-temperature flue gas or the mixed gas of the high-temperature flue gas and the gas is sent to the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body (16) to provide a heat source for garbage pyrolysis and serve as a fluidizing medium; one path of the power is sent to a boiler power generation unit of a gas coupling power station to carry out coupling combustion power generation; one path of the material is pressurized by a material returning fan (23) and then is used as a material returning medium to be sent to the material returning device (25);
in the coupling combustion power generation process, the fuel gas is introduced into a power station boiler (29) to be coupled and combusted to generate steam, a steam turbine (30) is pushed to generate power, and the steam is extracted from the steam turbine (30) and sent to the fuel gas heat exchanger (19) to cool the fuel gas.
7. The continuous refuse anaerobic pyrolysis coupled power plant boiler power generation process of claim 6, characterized in that: the feeding unit in the step (1) comprises a raw material bin (4), a primary hopper (7), a secondary hopper (10) and a reducing feeding screw (14) which are sequentially connected from top to bottom;
when feeding:
a. firstly, adding raw materials into the raw material bin (4) for later use;
b. when the material level of the raw material in the primary hopper (7) is low, performing low-level alarm through a low-level material level meter (8) arranged at the bottom of the primary hopper (7), and then closing a No. 2 sealing valve (9) connecting the primary hopper (7) and the secondary hopper (10);
c. opening a pressure relief valve (1) arranged on a primary hopper (7), relieving the pressure of the primary hopper (7) to normal pressure, opening a No. 1 sealing valve (5) connecting a raw material bin (4) and the primary hopper (7), and conveying the raw material from the raw material bin (4) to the primary hopper (7);
d. the material level is high and the alarm is given through a high-level material level meter (6) arranged at the top of the first-level hopper (7), then a 1# sealing valve (5) is closed, a 1# pressure charging valve (2) arranged on the first-level hopper (7) is opened, and the 1# pressure charging valve (2) is closed when the pressure is slightly higher than the pressure of the second-level hopper (10);
e. opening a No. 2 sealing valve (9), feeding the raw materials into a secondary hopper (10) from a primary hopper (7), and then conveying the raw materials to a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body (16) through a reducing feed screw (14);
f. and when the low level indicator (8) gives an alarm, repeating the steps.
8. The continuous refuse anaerobic pyrolysis coupled power plant boiler power generation process of claim 7, characterized in that: the feeding unit runs at positive pressure and utilizes inert gas for sealing and pressurizing; the feeding unit is characterized in that the 2# pressurizing valve (3) is normally opened during daily operation, the pressure of the secondary hopper (10) is maintained to be higher than that of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body (16), the pressure difference is maintained to be 0-1000Pa, the 2# pressurizing valve (3) is controlled by the pressure difference between the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body (16) and the secondary hopper in an interlocking mode, and the opening degree of the 2# pressurizing valve is automatically adjusted according to the pressure difference.
9. The continuous refuse anaerobic pyrolysis coupled power plant boiler power generation process of claim 7, characterized in that: the pressure at the raw material inlet of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body (16) is-500-800 Pa, and the pyrolysis temperature of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body (16) is 500-800 ℃; the gas flow velocity in the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace body (16) is 4-15 m/s; the grain diameter of the bed material is 0.5-3 mm; the temperature of a gas outlet in the gas heat exchanger (19) is 350-500 ℃; the temperature of the reaction zone of the dry dechlorinating device (20) is more than or equal to 320 ℃; the air distribution excess air coefficient of the gas combustion chamber (24) is less than or equal to 1, and the temperature of the gas combustion chamber (24) is 800-1200 ℃.
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| CN102417831A (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2012-04-18 | 合肥德博生物能源科技有限公司 | Biomass gasification generation system |
| JP5642657B2 (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2014-12-17 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Fuel gasification system, control method and control program therefor, and fuel gasification combined power generation system including fuel gasification system |
| US8801904B2 (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2014-08-12 | Aemerge, LLC | Chain drag system for treatment of carbaneous waste feedstock and method for the use thereof |
| CN103041693B (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2015-10-14 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢钒有限公司 | A kind of sulfur removal technology and device setting up stable circulation fluid bed fast |
| JP6565097B2 (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2019-08-28 | 月島機械株式会社 | Organic waste processing apparatus and processing method |
| CN105889905B (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2017-11-28 | 合肥德博生物能源科技有限公司 | The preposition mixed combustion device and method of biomass ultrahigh speed self-balancing gasification of coal-burning boiler |
| CN106497579A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-03-15 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of system and method for domestic garbage resource |
| CN107384484A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2017-11-24 | 合肥德博生物能源科技有限公司 | A kind of refuse gasification coupling coal fired power plant TRT and electrification technique |
| CN207688118U (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-08-03 | 烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司 | A kind of low temperature revert system of fluidized-bed combustion boiler |
| CN108728140B (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2024-02-06 | 湖南叶林环保科技有限公司 | Organic hazardous waste low-temperature pyrolysis power generation system |
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