CN110156424B - Color-changing baking-free water permeable brick utilizing solid wastes and preparation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a color-changing baking-free water permeable brick utilizing solid wastes and a preparation method thereof, which solve the problem of large energy consumption in the production of water permeable bricks in the prior art, and have the beneficial effects of fully utilizing the existing solid wastes, saving energy and protecting social environment, and the scheme is as follows: the color-changing baking-free water permeable brick utilizing the solid wastes comprises a surface layer and a base layer, wherein the surface layer and the base layer are combined together, the surface layer comprises ceramic wastes, a water glass solution, color-changing glass particles and water, the base layer comprises red mud, ferrous aluminate cement, aggregates, a water reducing agent and an early strength agent, and the ceramic wastes, the color-changing glass particles, the red mud, the ferrous chlorate cement and the aggregates are all derived from the solid wastes.

Description

Color-changing baking-free water permeable brick utilizing solid wastes and preparation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of industrial waste residue resource utilization, in particular to a color-changing baking-free water permeable brick utilizing solid waste and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The red mud is industrial solid waste discharged after alumina is extracted from bauxite in the aluminum production industry. Typically, on average, one ton of red mud is produced for each ton of alumina produced. According to incomplete statistics, the red mud discharged by China every year is as high as ten million tons, the red mud is accumulated and stored for more than ten thousand tons, the utilization rate of the red mud is low, a large amount of red mud cannot be fully and effectively utilized, and a large amount of red mud is accumulated on flat ground and hillside, occupies a large amount of land and causes serious harm to the environment. Therefore, the yield and the harm of the red mud are reduced to the maximum extent, and the realization of multi-channel and large-quantity resource utilization is urgent.

The water permeable brick is a new environment-friendly building material product which is produced for solving the problem of hardening of the surface of the city, creating a high-quality natural living environment and maintaining the ecological balance of the city. Due to the structural characteristics of high water permeability and high porosity, on one hand, the water accumulation on the road surface is eliminated, underground water resources are supplemented in time, the foundation subsidence is reduced, and the pressure of urban flood fighting drainage and pipeline dredging is relieved; on the other hand, the evaporation of water in the inner hole of the brick reduces the heat energy absorption of the urban bottom surface and the heat island effect, and effectively reduces the urban noise pollution. The sponge city is an important concept and method for solving ecological environment problems of urban waterlogging, water resource shortage and the like in China. And the brick that permeates water possesses bigger and bigger demand in "sponge city" construction process as the constitutional unit of water permeability structure of mating formation.

The pursuit of the quality of the water permeable bricks is still the direction pursued by researchers for the adoption of water permeable building materials, and the inventor finds that the water permeable bricks are designed in the prior art, but the water permeable bricks are mainly made of cement, so that the energy consumption of cement production is large, the production cost is high, and the energy-saving development cannot be realized; in addition, the strength and wear resistance of the water permeable bricks manufactured in the prior art need to be further improved.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the color-changing baking-free water permeable brick utilizing the solid waste, the main component adopts the solid waste, the influence on the environment can be reduced, the cost is low, the preparation is easy, and the baking is avoided.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the color-changing baking-free water permeable brick by utilizing solid wastes, and by the preparation method, sintering supply and demand with high energy consumption are saved, economic cost is saved, and the preparation method is suitable for industrial production.

The specific scheme of the color-changing baking-free water permeable brick utilizing solid waste is as follows:

the color-changing baking-free water permeable brick utilizing the solid wastes comprises a surface layer and a base layer, wherein the surface layer and the base layer are combined together, the surface layer comprises ceramic wastes, a water glass solution, color-changing glass particles and water, the base layer comprises red mud, ferrous aluminate cement, aggregates, a water reducing agent, an early strength agent and water, the ceramic wastes, the color-changing glass particles, the red mud, the ferrous chlorate cement and the aggregates are all derived from the solid wastes, and the base layer and the surface layer are bonded by a binder.

Foretell discolour and burn-free brick that permeates water, ceramic waste, the glass granule that discolours, red mud, iron chlorate cement and aggregate all come from solid waste, make full use of current resource, need not to reuse the cement of current new production, intensity and the wearability that permeates water and change have effectively been strengthened through setting up of aggregate and ceramic waste, the setting through the glass granule that discolours can realize permeating water changing of brick, and the setting of aggregate, be favorable to guaranteeing to permeate water the water permeability of brick, and through the setting of red mud, need not to calcine the heating to the brick that permeates water in the brick manufacturing process that permeates water, make the production of brick that permeates water more energy-concerving and environment-protective.

Further, the base layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 40-60 parts, 5-25 parts, 30-50 parts, 0.2-0.4 part, 0.2-0.6 part and 20-50 parts of red mud, and the characteristics of the red mud can be fully utilized according to the proportion, so that the existing solid waste can be fully recovered.

Furthermore, the aggregate is a mixture of steel slag and iron tailings, and the aggregate is arranged, so that the coarse gaps of the aggregate are further ensured, the water permeability is improved, and the strength and the wear resistance of the water permeable brick are also improved.

Further, the surface layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45-65 parts, 1-15 parts, 20-30 parts and 12-18 parts, and through the arrangement of the proportion, the existing ceramic waste is fully utilized, and the strength and the wear resistance of the permeable rotor are effectively enhanced.

Further, the mass ratio of the surface layer to the base layer is 1: 7-9.

Further, because of ceramic waste size and intensity are the inverse ratio, in order to further guarantee the intensity of the brick that permeates water to improve the wholeness ability of the brick that permeates water, the particle size of ceramic waste is 10~20 meshes in the surface course.

Further, the red mud in the base layer is red mud generated by a Bayer process, a sintering process or a combination process, and the red mud contains moisture with set mass.

Further, the iron aluminate cement in the base layer is a solid waste material generated after the waste red mud is calcined at high temperature.

Further, in order to avoid excessive processing of waste aggregate, but also ensure connection of the aggregate and the binder, the particle size of the aggregate in the base layer is 5-10 meshes.

Or the binder is a pervious concrete binder.

The invention also discloses a preparation method of the color-changing baking-free water permeable brick by utilizing the solid waste, which comprises the following steps:

adding a set amount of early strength agent and water reducing agent into the red mud, the iron aluminate cement and the aggregate, and mixing all the materials to obtain a base layer mixture;

adding water into the ceramic waste, the water glass solution and the color-changing glass particles, and uniformly mixing to obtain a color-changing surface layer mixture;

filling the mixture of the surface layer in the mould, filling the mixture of the binder and the base layer above the mixture of the color-changing surface layer, pressurizing, and curing for a set time to form the water permeable brick.

In the preparation method, the preparation sequence of the base layer mixture and the surface layer mixture can be changed, and the baking-free water-permeable brick capable of realizing color change can be prepared by the preparation method, so that a sintering process with high energy consumption is omitted, the economic cost is saved, the production period is shortened, and the preparation method is suitable for industrial production.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) according to the invention, through the use of ceramic waste, color-changing glass particles, red mud, iron chlorate cement, aggregate and the like, which are all from solid waste, the existing resources are effectively utilized, the production cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the effect of protecting the environment is achieved.

2) According to the invention, the aggregate and the ceramic waste are arranged, so that the strength and the wear resistance of the water permeable brick are effectively improved.

3) The preparation method provided by the invention omits a sintering process with high energy consumption, saves economic cost, and is suitable for industrial production.

4) According to the invention, the color change effect of the permeable brick is effectively realized through the color change glass particles, the surface layer is connected with the base layer through the binder, so that the aggregate has a pressure effect through the binder, the base layer can be effectively bonded into a whole, and the aggregate enables the permeable brick to have good water permeability.

5) In the preparation method, the pressure is applied after the binder is arranged, so that the aggregate and the binder are more favorably and fully bonded, and the pressure effect of the aggregate is further improved.

Detailed Description

It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

As described in the background art, the defects in the prior art are overcome, and in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a color-changing baking-free water permeable brick utilizing solid wastes.

The surface layer comprises ceramic waste, water glass solution, color-changing glass particles and water, the base layer comprises red mud, ferrous aluminate cement, aggregate, a water reducing agent and an early strength agent, wherein the ceramic waste, the color-changing glass particles, the red mud, the ferrous chlorate cement and the aggregate are all derived from the solid waste, the base layer and the surface layer are bonded by a binder, the surface layer is arranged below and is a color-changing layer, the base layer is arranged above and is a force-holding layer, the middle part of the base layer is connected by the binder, and the back layer is arranged above after demoulding.

A preparation method of a color-changing baking-free water permeable brick utilizing solid waste comprises the following steps:

1) weighing red mud, ferrous aluminate cement and steel slag according to a certain proportion, and doping an early strength agent and a water reducing agent according to a corresponding proportion, wherein the red mud accounts for 40-60 parts, the ferrous aluminate cement accounts for 5-25 parts, aggregate (a mixture of the steel slag and iron tailings) accounts for 30-50 parts, the water reducing agent accounts for 0.2-0.4 part, the early strength agent accounts for 0.2-0.6 part, and water accounts for 20-50 parts by weight, and uniformly mixing to obtain a base layer mixture.

2) Ceramic waste, water glass solution, color-changing glass particles and water are weighed according to the proportion. According to weight percentage, the ceramic waste material is 45-65 parts, the water glass solution is 1-15 parts, the color-changing glass particles are 20-30 parts, and the water is 12-18 parts. And (5) uniformly mixing to obtain a surface layer mixture.

3) Filling 5-8 mm of color-changing surface layer mixture into a metal mold, filling a binder and matrix layer mixture on the metal mold, performing one-step pressure molding under the pressure of 20-25 MPa, and finally curing for 14 days to obtain the molded water permeable brick.

Example 1

The color-changing baking-free water permeable brick utilizing the solid wastes comprises a surface layer and a base layer, wherein the surface layer and the base layer are combined together through a binder, the mass ratio of the surface layer to the base layer is 1: 7-9, the mass of the base layer is larger than that of the surface layer, the strength and the wear resistance of the water permeable brick are effectively guaranteed, the surface layer comprises ceramic waste materials, a water glass solution, color-changing glass particles and water, the base layer comprises red mud, iron aluminate cement, aggregates, a water reducing agent and an early strength agent, wherein the ceramic waste materials, the color-changing glass particles, the red mud, the iron chlorate cement and the aggregates are all derived from the solid wastes, the color-changing glass particles effectively achieve the color-changing effect of the water permeable brick, the aggregates have the pressure effect through the binder, the base layer can be.

In this embodiment, the adhesive is a commercially available pervious concrete adhesive.

The base layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 40-60 parts, 5-25 parts, 30-50 parts, 0.2-0.4 part, 0.2-0.6 part and 20-50 parts of water.

Wherein, the aggregate is the mixture of slag and iron tailing, and the slag is an industry solid waste, is the sediment of steelmaking exhaust, and the iron tailing is the discarded object after the ore dressing, through such aggregate setting, has further guaranteed the thick and big space of aggregate, has improved water permeability, and, in this embodiment, the particle diameter of the aggregate in the basic unit is 5~10 meshes.

The red mud in the basic layer is the red mud generated by Bayer process, sintering process or combination process, the water content of the red mud is 30 percent, and the red mud is the polluting solid waste discharged when the aluminum oxide is extracted in the aluminum industry.

The water reducing agent in the base layer is one or more of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, sodium stearate, naphthalene series and sodium lignosulphonate. The early strength agent in the base layer is one or more of calcium chloride, lithium chloride, calcium sulfate and calcium nitrate.

The iron aluminate cement in the base layer is a solid waste material generated by calcining the waste red mud at high temperature, the strength of the water permeable brick is further improved by the arrangement of the iron aluminate, and although the iron aluminate is calcined at high temperature, the iron aluminate is derived from the red mud, and the content of the components is not high, so that the iron aluminate cement is beneficial to improving energy conservation compared with the prior art.

The surface layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45-65 parts, 1-15 parts, 20-30 parts and 12-18 parts.

The color-changing glass particles are glass waste materials in the color-changing glass industry, the inorganic photochromic glass particles or the inorganic thermochromic glass particles are 10-20 meshes in granularity, the ceramic waste materials in the surface layer are 10-20 meshes in granularity, the mass concentration of the water glass solution in the surface layer is 20-35%, and the color-changing effect of the water permeable brick is achieved through the color-changing glass.

The ceramic waste, the color-changing glass particles, the red mud, the iron chlorate cement and the aggregate are all from solid waste, the existing resources are fully utilized, the existing newly-produced cement is not needed, the strength and the wear resistance of the permeable brick are effectively enhanced through the setting of the aggregate and the ceramic waste, the color change of the permeable brick can be realized through the setting of the color-changing glass particles, the red mud is added, the permeable brick is not needed to be calcined and heated in the manufacturing process of the permeable brick, and the permeable brick is more energy-saving and environment-friendly in production.

Example 2

A preparation method of a color-changing baking-free water permeable brick utilizing solid waste comprises the following steps:

1) taking 40 parts of red mud, 30 parts of iron aluminate cement, 30 parts of aggregate (a mixture of steel slag and iron tailings), 0.2 part of water reducing agent, 0.2 part of early strength agent and 20 parts of water, and uniformly stirring to prepare the base layer.

2) Taking 55 parts of ceramic waste, 15 parts of water glass solution, 30 parts of color-changing glass particles and 18 parts of water, and uniformly stirring to prepare a surface layer.

3) The materials are respectively placed in a stirrer to be uniformly stirred, then the color-changing surface layer mixture is filled in a metal mould for 6mm, then the binder and the matrix layer mixture are filled on the metal mould, then the mixture is pressurized and formed at one time under the pressure of 20MPa, and finally the formed water permeable brick is obtained after the curing for 14 days.

Example 3

A preparation method of a color-changing baking-free water permeable brick utilizing solid waste comprises the following steps:

1) taking 35 parts of red mud, 30 parts of iron aluminate cement, 35 parts of aggregate (mixture of steel slag and iron tailings), 0.2 part of water reducer, 0.2 part of early strength agent and 20 parts of water, and uniformly stirring to prepare the base layer.

2) And (3) taking 55 parts of ceramic waste, 15 parts of water glass solution, 30 parts of color-changing glass particle mixing amount and 18 parts of water mixing amount, and uniformly stirring to prepare a surface layer.

3) The materials are respectively placed in a stirrer to be uniformly stirred, then the color-changing surface layer mixture is filled in a metal mould for 6mm, then the matrix layer mixture is filled on the metal mould, then the mixture is pressurized and formed at one time under the pressure of 20MPa, and finally the formed water permeable brick is obtained after the maintenance for 14 days.

Example 4

A preparation method of a color-changing baking-free water permeable brick utilizing solid waste comprises the following steps:

1) taking 30 parts of red mud, 30 parts of iron aluminate cement, 40 parts of aggregate (mixture of steel slag and iron tailings), 0.2 part of water reducing agent, 0.2 part of early strength admixture and 20 parts of water, and uniformly stirring to prepare the base layer.

2) Taking 55 parts of ceramic waste, 15 parts of water glass solution, 30 parts of color-changing glass particle mixing amount and 18 parts of water mixing amount, and uniformly stirring to prepare a surface layer.

3) The materials are respectively placed in a stirrer to be uniformly stirred, then the color-changing surface layer mixture is filled in a metal mould for 6mm, then the binder and the matrix layer mixture are filled on the metal mould, then the mixture is pressurized and formed at one time under the pressure of 20MPa, and finally the formed water permeable brick is obtained after the curing for 14 days.

The following performance indexes of the prepared water permeable brick are obtained according to a JCT945-2005 test method

Therefore, the water permeability, the wear resistance, the water retention property, the compressive strength, the flexural strength and the freezing resistance of the water permeable brick all meet the standard requirements.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The color-changing baking-free water permeable brick utilizing the solid wastes is characterized by comprising a surface layer and a base layer, wherein the surface layer and the base layer are combined together, the surface layer comprises ceramic wastes, water glass solution, color-changing glass particles and water, the base layer comprises red mud, iron aluminate cement, aggregate, a water reducing agent, an early strength agent and water, the ceramic wastes, the color-changing glass particles, the red mud, the iron aluminate cement and the aggregate are all derived from the solid wastes, and the base layer and the surface layer are bonded by a binder;

the surface layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-65 parts, 1-15 parts, 20-30 parts and 12-18 parts;

the base layer comprises the following components in sequence by weight: 40-60 parts, 5-25 parts, 30-50 parts, 0.2-0.4 part, 0.2-0.6 part and 20-50 parts;

the mass ratio of the surface layer to the base layer is 1: 7-9;

the aggregate is a mixture of steel slag and iron tailings.

2. The color-changing baking-free water permeable brick using solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the grain size of the ceramic waste in the facing layer is 10-20 meshes.

3. The color-changing baking-free water permeable brick using solid wastes according to claim 1, wherein the red mud in the base layer is red mud produced by a bayer process, a sintering process or a combination process, and the red mud contains moisture of a set mass.

4. The color-changing baking-free water permeable brick utilizing solid wastes according to claim 1, wherein the iron aluminate cement in the base layer is a solid waste material generated by calcining waste red mud at a high temperature.

5. The color-changing baking-free water permeable brick using solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the aggregate in the base layer has a particle size of 5 to 10 meshes.

6. The color-changing baking-free water permeable brick using solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the binder is a water permeable concrete binder.

7. The method for preparing the color-changing baking-free water permeable brick utilizing the solid waste as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which comprises the following steps:

adding a set amount of early strength agent and water reducing agent into the red mud, the iron aluminate cement and the aggregate, and mixing all the materials to obtain a base layer mixture;

adding water into the ceramic waste, the water glass solution and the color-changing glass particles, and uniformly mixing to obtain a color-changing surface layer mixture;

filling the mixture of the surface layer in the mould, filling the mixture of the binder and the base layer above the mixture of the color-changing surface layer, pressurizing, and curing for a set time to form the water permeable brick.