CN110154459A - 一种高强度棕榈纤维复合材料及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高强度棕榈纤维复合材料及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110154459A
CN110154459A CN201910421984.3A CN201910421984A CN110154459A CN 110154459 A CN110154459 A CN 110154459A CN 201910421984 A CN201910421984 A CN 201910421984A CN 110154459 A CN110154459 A CN 110154459A
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palm
clothing
fibrous composite
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high intensity
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周晓剑
杜官本
张俊
李进兴
李斌
李涛洪
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Southwest Forestry University
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Abstract

提供了一种高强度棕榈纤维复合材料，它将棕榈树衣浸渍在棕榈叶为原料制备的树脂胶液中经热压制得，棕榈树衣为自然状态干燥，不需要额外加工，棕榈叶在糠醇和多聚甲醛等添加剂的作用下制成单宁树脂胶液，胶液pH值控制在9～11之间，固体含量为40～60％，树脂胶液对棕榈树衣的施胶量为800～1500g/m2，奇数层(大于等于3层)浸渍过树脂胶液的棕榈树衣热压成复合材料，热压的参数为温度150～180℃，单位压力0.8～1.5MPa/cm2，时间10～30s/mm。本发明的复合材料具有强度高、防水性好、稳定性佳、易加工等特点。

Description

一种高强度棕榈纤维复合材料及制备方法
技术领域
本发明总体地属于林业工程加工技术领域，具体地涉及一种高强度棕榈纤维复合材料及制备方法。
背景技术
人造板是以纤维状的植物原料加工成一定形状的原料单元，在粘合剂的作用下粘接而成的一类复合材料，种类繁多。随着可直接加工利用的资源越来越少和定制家居的快速兴起，高品质人造板的发展已成为大势所趋。木质纤维为基本单元加工成的复合材料因其生产成本低、性能优异和甲醛释放少等特性越来越收到消费者的关注。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高强度棕榈纤维复合材料，该复合材料通过将未经化学处理的原态棕榈树衣浸渍在棕榈叶液化产物为原料制备的树脂胶液中浸渍，然后热压而得，实现棕榈原料的全利用。
本发明的技术方案是，一种高强度棕榈纤维复合材料，所述高强度棕榈纤维复合材料以棕榈树衣为基体，将棕榈树衣浸渍在以棕榈叶为原料制备的树脂胶液中，然后对浸渍后的多层棕榈树衣进行热压而得到。
进一步的，上述棕榈树衣为从棕榈树上割下的原态棕榈树衣，不经化学工艺处理。
进一步的，上述以棕榈叶为原料来制备树脂胶液的方法包括以下步骤：
S1、将棕榈植物打碎，用水抽提、过滤、浸提蒸发后得到预缩液；
S2、将步骤S1得到的预缩液与糠醇和多聚甲醛混合后搅拌均匀，得到树脂胶液。
进一步的，上述步骤S1中，水抽提的条件是：热水温度为60～80℃，时间2～4小时，料液比为1:(15～20)。
进一步的，上述步骤S1中，经过滤、浸提蒸发后控制所得预缩液的固体含量为40～60％，pH为4.5～5.5，黏度：300～400mPa﹒s。
进一步的，上述步骤S2中糠醇的量按质量百分比计为预缩液固体质量的20～50％；多聚甲醛的量按质量百分比计为预缩液固体质量的8～15％。
进一步的，上述步骤S2中所得树脂胶液的外观为棕褐色液体，步骤S2中还包括将得到的树脂胶液调节pH至9～11之间、控制黏度在400～600mPa﹒s范围内的步骤。
本发明还提供了上述高强度棕榈纤维复合材料的制备方法，操作步骤为：
B1、将棕榈树衣浸泡在树脂胶液中，使其充分浸渍；
B2、将浸渍树脂胶液后的棕榈树衣按照树衣的根与尖交错排列的方式搭接成预定尺寸的幅面；然后铺装第二层，直至达到预定层数；
B3、将铺装成预定尺寸、预定层数的棕榈树衣进行热压，得到高强度棕榈纤维复合材料。
进一步的，上述步骤B1中棕榈树衣浸渍树脂胶液的量为：每平方米棕榈树衣浸渍800～1500g的树脂胶液；所述步骤B2中，任意两块棕榈树衣根与尖搭接的尺寸控制在3～10cm之间；因为棕榈树衣各向异性的特点，仿照胶合板组坯工艺，设定铺装的层数控制在奇数层，至少3层(包括3层)以上；所述步骤B3中，热压的工艺参数为：温度：150～180℃，单位压力：0.8～1.5MPa/cm2，时间：10～30s/mm，控制热压之前浸渍过树脂的棕榈树衣含水率在10～20％之间。
本发明的高强度棕榈纤维复合材料，是棕榈树衣在棕榈叶液化产物制备的树脂胶液作用下获得的一类高性能、环保型复合材料，原料99％来自可再生资源，其理化性能达到GB/T 17657-2013《人造板及饰面人造板理化性能试验方法》国家标准的要求，具有强度高、防水性好、稳定性佳和易加工等特点。
本发明制备方法能够充分利用生物质资源，实现棕榈植物的全组分高质、高效利用，而且树脂胶液及复合材料制备过程无有毒添加剂的加入，加工过程及产品均环保。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明，下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
棕榈叶打碎后用热水进行抽提处理，处理条件为：温度60℃，时间2h，料液比为1:15。经过滤、浸提蒸发后控制预缩液的固体含量为40％，pH为4.5。往预缩液中加入占预缩液固体质量20％的糠醇和占预缩液固体质量8％的多聚甲醛，搅拌均匀。此时树脂胶液的外观为棕褐色液体，调节体系pH至9、控制黏度为400mPa﹒s。将棕榈树衣浸泡在调好的胶液中，使其充分浸渍，浸渍量控制在800g/m2。浸渍后的棕榈树衣按照根-尖-根-尖-根……的方式搭接成80*50cm尺寸的幅面，搭接前浸渍棕榈树衣的含水率控制在15％，任意两块棕榈树衣根-尖搭接的尺寸控制在10cm，铺装的层数为5层。搭接铺装后的棕榈树衣在温度150℃，单位压力0.8MPa/cm2和时间10s/mm的热压工艺下制成高强度棕榈纤维复合材料。
实施例2
棕榈叶打碎后用热水进行抽提，处理条件为：温度80℃，时间4h，料液比为1:20。经过滤、浸提蒸发后控制预缩液的固体含量为60％，pH为5.5。往预缩液中加入占预缩液固体质量50％的糠醇和占预缩液固体质量15％的多聚甲醛，搅拌均匀。此时树脂胶液的外观为棕褐色液体，调节体系pH至11、控制黏度为600mPa﹒s。将棕榈树衣浸泡在调好的胶液中，使其充分浸渍，浸渍量控制在1000g/m2。搭接前浸渍棕榈树衣的含水率控制在15％，浸渍后的棕榈树衣按照根-尖-根-尖-根……的方式搭接成100*80cm尺寸的幅面，任意两块棕榈树衣根-尖搭接的尺寸控制在10cm，铺装的层数为5层。搭接铺装后的棕榈树衣在温度180℃，单位压力1.5MPa/cm2和时间30s/mm的热压工艺下制成高强度棕榈纤维复合材料。
实施例1和实施例2所得高强度棕榈纤维复合材料的基本性能如下表1所示。
表1本发明实施例所得高强度棕榈纤维复合材料基本性能
从表1分析得出，该种棕榈纤维复合材料具有较高的物理力学强度和较低的吸水厚度膨胀率，符合相关国家标准GB/T 17657-2013《人造板及饰面人造板理化性能试验方法》的板材性能要求。
以上已经描述了本发明的各实施例，上述说明是示例性的，并非穷尽性的，并且也不限于所披露的各实施例。在不偏离所说明的各实施例的范围和精神的情况下，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说许多修改和变更都是显而易见的。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (9)

1.一种高强度棕榈纤维复合材料，其特征在于，所述高强度棕榈纤维复合材料以棕榈树衣为基体，将棕榈树衣浸渍在以棕榈叶为原料制备的树脂胶液中，然后对浸渍后的多层棕榈树衣进行热压而得到。
2.如权利要求1所述的高强度棕榈纤维复合材料，其特征在于，所述棕榈树衣为从棕榈树上割下的原态棕榈树衣，不经化学工艺处理。
3.如权利要求1所述的高强度棕榈纤维复合材料，其特征在于，所述以棕榈叶为原料制备树脂胶液的方法包括以下步骤：
S1、将棕榈叶打碎，用水抽提、过滤、浸提蒸发后得到具有一定单宁含量的预缩液；
S2、将步骤S1得到的预缩液与糠醇和多聚甲醛混合后搅拌均匀，得到树脂胶液。
4.如权利要求3所述的高强度棕榈纤维复合材料，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中，水抽提的条件是：热水温度为60～80℃，时间2～4小时，料液比为1:(15～20)。
5.如权利要求3所述的高强度棕榈纤维复合材料，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中，过滤、浸提蒸发后控制所得预缩液的固体含量为40～60％，pH为4.5～5.5，黏度：300～400mPa﹒s。
6.如权利要求3所述的高强度棕榈纤维复合材料，其特征在于，所述步骤S2中糠醇的量按质量百分比计为预缩液固体质量的20～50％；多聚甲醛的量按质量百分比计为预缩液固体质量的8～15％。
7.如权利要求3所述的高强度棕榈纤维复合材料，其特征在于，所述步骤S2中所得树脂胶液的外观为棕褐色液体，步骤S2中还包括将得到的树脂胶液调节pH至9～11，黏度控制在400～600mPa﹒s的步骤。
8.如权利要求1-7中任一权利要求所述的高强度棕榈纤维复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，操作步骤为：
B1、将棕榈树衣浸泡在树脂胶液中，使其充分浸渍；
B2、将浸渍树脂胶液后的棕榈树衣按照树衣的根与尖交错排列的方式搭接成预定尺寸的幅面；然后铺装第二层，直至达到预定层数；
B3、将铺装成预定尺寸、预定层数的棕榈树衣进行热压，得到高强度棕榈纤维复合材料。
9.如权利要求8所述的高强度棕榈纤维复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，
所述步骤B1中棕榈树衣浸渍树脂胶液的量为：每平方米棕榈树衣浸渍800～1500g的树脂胶液；
所述步骤B2中，任意两块棕榈树衣根与尖搭接的尺寸控制在3～10cm之间；所述预定层数为至少3层的奇数层；
所述步骤B3中，热压的工艺参数为：温度：150～180℃，压力：0.8～1.5MPa/cm2，时间：10～30s/mm，控制热压之前浸渍过树脂的棕榈树衣含水率在10～20％之间。
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