CN110152611A - 一种吸附材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种吸附材料的制备方法,包括:将多巴胺溶解于缓冲溶液中,在室温下搅拌后抽滤得沉淀物,将沉淀物烘干得聚多巴胺纳米颗粒;将聚多巴胺纳米颗粒加热使其分解为固体物,将固体物进行研磨。本发明采用仿生方法合成聚多巴胺纳米颗粒,进而对其进行热解制备高效吸附材料介孔碳微球,聚多巴胺纳米颗粒制备具有操作简单、条件温和、无毒害、成本低等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料制备的技术领域,更具体涉及一种吸附材料的制备方法。
背景技术
废水处理技术在工业环境保护中发挥着重要作用,目前市场上的废水处理技术主要包括吸附、离子交换、电解分离、气浮分离、膜过滤等。考虑到环保、经济、难易程度等因素,本专利采用具有操作简单、可重复使用等优点的吸附法用于废水中的污染物净化。吸附材料种类繁多,介孔材料因具有比表面积大、吸附性能好等优点而被广泛应用于废水中污染物的吸附。然而,当前介孔材料制备仍存在制备工艺复杂、成本高等缺陷。本发明基于仿生方法制备介孔碳微球,方法具有操作简单、条件温和、无毒害、成本低等优点。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种对水体中污染物具有良好吸附效果的吸附材料及其制备方法。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种吸附材料的制备方法,包括:
步骤一、将多巴胺溶解于缓冲溶液中,在室温下搅拌后抽滤得沉淀物,将沉淀物烘干得聚多巴胺纳米颗粒;
步骤二、将所述聚多巴胺纳米颗粒加热使其分解为固体物,将所述固体物进行研磨至粉末状,制得吸附材料。
在一些实施方式中,所述步骤二中的所述聚多巴胺热解在氮气的保护下进行。
在一些实施方式中,所述缓冲溶液为磷酸缓冲溶液或Tris-HCl缓冲溶液,所述缓冲溶液的pH值为7.5~9.0。
在一些实施方式中,所述多巴胺与所述缓冲溶液的投入量之比为0.25~0.5:100g/mL。
在一些实施方式中,所述多巴胺于所述缓冲液中反应24h-48h后抽滤。
在一些实施方式中,所述室温为20~30℃。
在一些实施方式中,所述沉淀物为深色,所述沉淀物的烘干温度为35~55℃,烘干时间12~48h。
在一些实施方式中,所述聚多巴胺纳米颗粒置于热解炉中热解,热解温度为750~850℃,升温速率3~10℃/min,高温保持1~4h。
一种吸附材料的应用,其被用于吸油材料和重金属离子吸附材料。
其有益效果为:本发明采用仿生方法合成聚多巴胺纳米颗粒,进而对其进行热解制备高效吸附材料介孔碳微球,聚多巴胺纳米颗粒制备具有操作简单、条件温和、无毒害、成本低等优点。
将制备的介孔碳微球直接用于对水中油的吸附,研究其对不同油品的吸附能力与循环使用性能。此外,通过SEM、TEM、BET、WCA等对其进行表征,研究其表面的形态结构、粒径分布、疏水接触角等,评估其吸油性能。
本发明通过仿生方法合成聚多巴胺纳米颗粒,并通过高温热解制备大比表面积碳球(可以通过BET数据得出),进而以其为吸附剂对溶液中金属离子进行吸附。聚多巴胺纳米颗粒制备具有操作简单、条件温和、无毒害、成本低等优点,由于热解之后聚多巴胺纳米颗粒主要是以依靠所剩的碳化合物进行吸附,而且通过SEM可以观察到其形状是以球形为主,同时进行了TEM,以及BET,通过BET,对孔径进行分析,而且对于铅离子的吸附也进行了实验探究,包括了吸附动力学、吸附等温线,所以制备的新型碳球吸附剂具有优异的吸附效果。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1所制得的介孔碳微球的SEM图;
图2是本发明实施例1所制得的介孔碳微球的TEM图;
图3是本发明实施例1所制得的介孔碳微球的疏水性实验的效果图;
图4是本发明实施例1所制得的介孔碳微球的BET图,其中,吸附曲线、脱附曲线分别如图中的两根曲线所示;
图5为本发明实施例2中采用的聚多巴胺生物炭的扫描电镜(SEM)照片;
图6为本发明实施例2中采用的聚多巴胺生物炭的透射电镜(TEM)照片;
图7为本发明实施例2中采用的聚多巴胺生物炭的吸附动力学曲线;
图8为本发明实施例2中采用的聚多巴胺生物炭的吸附等温线曲线。
具体实施方式
实施例1
聚多巴胺纳米颗粒的制备
在敞口容器中,将1g的多巴胺溶解于200mL的反应介质磷酸缓冲溶液(pH值为8.5)中,并持续搅拌,在室温(25℃)反应48h后进行抽滤,将得到的深色沉淀物进行烘干,烘干温度为45℃,烘干时间24h,得到黑色粉末状的聚多巴胺纳米颗粒。
聚多巴胺的热解
取适量制备的聚多巴胺置于热解炉中,以升温速率5℃/min升温至700℃,热解温度为700℃,高温保持2h,热解完后取出进行研磨至粉末状得介孔碳微球,可作为吸油材料。
该吸附材料介孔微球的比表面积、孔容、孔径分别为367.662m2/g、0.177cc/g、5.13nm,较大的比表面积与孔径有助于对油污的吸附。如图1所示,介孔碳微球的粒径大小不一,部分为极小颗粒状,整体以相互叠加方式排列。如图2所示,介孔碳微球的颗粒规则不一,整体呈球状,具有较细孔隙。
取适量所制得的介孔微碳球进行疏水性实验:先将碳球压片,再将水滴滴入其表面,结果如图3所示,最终测量接触角度稳定于145.16o,接近于超疏水(150o),表明了介孔碳微球具有优良的疏水性。
取适量所制得的介孔微碳球进行吸附性实验:将一定量的柴油加入含有蒸馏水的烧杯中,随之加入适量的苏丹三后静置,由于密度的原因,被苏丹三染色的红色柴油会浮于水面上;在上述烧杯中加入实施例1所制得的介孔碳微球,开始前,介孔碳微球和柴油均浮于水面上,并且介孔碳微球分布较为集中,介孔微碳球吸附一段时间后,烧杯中的红色柴油被吸附干净,碳球分散开来,表明了本实施例1所制得的吸附剂具有较好的吸油性能。
如图4所示,实施例1制得的吸附剂具有较好的吸附性能。
实施例2
聚多巴胺纳米颗粒的制备
在敞口容器中,将0.5g的多巴胺溶解于100mL的反应介质pH值为7磷酸缓冲溶液中,并持续搅拌,在环境温度为20℃反应24h后进行抽滤,将得到的深色沉淀物进行烘干,烘干温度为40℃,烘干时间为24h,然后经过研磨得到黑色粉末状的聚多巴胺纳米颗粒。
新型碳球吸附剂的制备
聚多巴胺生物炭的制备依靠氮气氛围下的管式炉热解法,具体操作步骤如下。
将黑色粉末状的聚多巴胺纳米颗粒置于管式炉中,在氮气氛围下以5℃/min的升温速率加热到800℃,维持2小时;最后自然冷却至室温,然后将其取出研磨至粉末状,得新型碳球吸附剂聚多巴胺生物炭,作为重金属离子吸附材料。
由图5可见,聚多巴胺生物炭表面呈比较光滑平整的球面。由图6可见,聚多巴胺生物炭轮廓大体呈球形,内部含有相当数量的官能团。由图7可见,随着时间的增加,吸附量逐渐增大,最终达到饱和状态。这其中可以分为三个阶段,首先是前二十分钟,吸附量快速增加,主要是由于一开始铅离子浓度梯度差比较大,而且聚多巴胺生物炭表面的吸附点比较多,所以铅离子比较容易被吸附,第二阶段是二十分钟到四十五分钟,这一阶段的吸附速度有所减缓,主要是由于浓度梯度差变小,吸附点位也变少。最后一阶段就是四十五分钟之后,吸附达到饱和状态,趋于平稳。由图8可见,在相同的环境温度下,随着铅离子浓度增大,吸附量也逐渐增大,主要是由于这其中的浓度越大,浓度梯度差也越大,所含铅离子数量也越多,吸附竞争比较激烈,更多的铅离子去参加吸附竞争,导致吸附量也越来越大。
实施例3
聚多巴胺纳米颗粒的制备
在敞口容器中,将0.25g的多巴胺溶解于100mL的反应介质pH值为8的磷酸缓冲溶液中,并持续搅拌,在室温30℃反应30h后进行抽滤,将得到的深色沉淀物进行烘干,烘干温度为50℃,烘干时间为12h,然后经过研磨得到黑色粉末状的聚多巴胺纳米颗粒。
新型碳球吸附剂的制备
聚多巴胺生物炭的制备依靠氮气氛围下的管式炉热解法,具体操作步骤如下。
将黑色粉末状的聚多巴胺纳米颗粒置于管式炉中,在氮气氛围下以5℃/min的升温速率加热到750℃,维持2.5小时;最后自然冷却至室温,然后将其取出研磨至粉末状,得新型碳球吸附剂聚多巴胺生物炭。
实施例4
聚多巴胺纳米颗粒的制备
在敞口容器中,将1g的多巴胺溶解于200mL的反应介质磷酸缓冲溶液(pH值为9)中,并持续搅拌,在室温(28℃)反应48h后进行抽滤,将得到的深色沉淀物进行烘干,烘干温度为45℃,烘干时间24h,得到黑色粉末状的聚多巴胺纳米颗粒。
聚多巴胺的热解
取适量制备的聚多巴胺置于热解炉中,以升温速率为10℃/min升温至750℃,热解温度为750℃,高温保持4h,热解完后取出进行研磨至粉末状,得吸附材料介孔碳微球。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
步骤一、将多巴胺溶解于缓冲溶液中,在室温下搅拌后抽滤得沉淀物,将沉淀物烘干得聚多巴胺纳米颗粒;
步骤二、将所述聚多巴胺纳米颗粒加热使其分解为固体物,将所述固体物进行研磨至粉末状,制得吸附材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤二中的所述聚多巴胺热解在氮气的保护下进行。
3.根据权利要求1所述的吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述缓冲溶液为磷酸缓冲溶液或Tris-HCl缓冲溶液,所述缓冲溶液的pH值为7.5~9.0。
4.根据权利要求1所述的吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述多巴胺与所述缓冲溶液的投入量之比为0.25~0.5:100g/mL。
5.根据权利要求1所述的吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述多巴胺于所述缓冲液中反应24h-48h后抽滤。
6.根据权利要求1所述的吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述室温为20~30℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述沉淀物为深色,所述沉淀物的烘干温度为35~55℃,烘干时间12~48h。
8.根据权利要求1所述的吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚多巴胺纳米颗粒置于热解炉中热解,热解温度为750~850℃,升温速率3~10℃/min,高温保持1~4h。
9.一种权利要求1-8任一项所述的吸附材料的应用,其特征在于,其被用于吸油材料和重金属离子吸附材料。
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