CN110150535A - 一种呕吐毒素脱毒剂及其制备方法、脱毒方法、制备装置 - Google Patents
一种呕吐毒素脱毒剂及其制备方法、脱毒方法、制备装置 Download PDFInfo
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- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
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- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种呕吐毒素脱毒剂及其制备方法、脱毒方法、制备装置,涉及动物饲料生产领域。所述脱毒剂包括如下重量配比的原料:蒙脱石30‑50份、酵母细胞壁20‑30份、甘露聚糖2‑5份、干酪乳杆菌5‑10份、嗜酸乳杆菌5‑10份、水合铝硅酸钠钙10‑15份、膨润土5‑10份、植物乳杆菌5‑20份、葡甘聚糖10‑20份和水20‑50份。本发明毒素彻底、安全有效,减少了工人的工作量,且搅拌效果更好,提高了生产效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及动物饲料生产领域,具体涉及一种呕吐毒素脱毒剂及其制备方法、脱毒方法。
背景技术
呕吐毒素(DON),又名脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇,呕吐毒素广泛分布在粮谷类农作物中,在大麦、小麦、燕麦和玉米中含量较高,在水稻、高粱、黑麦中含量较低。呕吐毒素能抑制蛋白质、DNA和RNA的合成,对动物和人毒性效应广泛而明显。动物实验表明,摄入了被呕吐毒素污染的食物或饲料后,会引起食欲减退、腹泻、呕吐、体重下降、站立不稳、反应迟钝的症状。
呕吐毒素污染给农业、养殖业、食品加工业和饲料工业造成了巨大的损失,并且对人类健康造成巨大威胁,加上食物资源短缺和人类需求增多的矛盾,呕吐毒素造成的粮食和饲料污染急需采取有效方法来解决,针对呕吐毒素的污染通常会采取一些基本措施:从根本上防止污染,对已经污染的作物进行脱毒、抑制霉菌毒素的吸收。
但现有的方法任存在脱毒不彻底、溶剂使用量大可能造成环境污染,引起操作人员中毒,可能改变物质原来的性质的问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种呕吐毒素脱毒剂及其制备方法、脱毒方法,以解决现有技术中存在的呕吐毒素脱毒不彻底、可能改变物质原来的性质的问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种呕吐毒素脱毒剂,包括如下重量配比的原料:蒙脱石30-50份、酵母细胞壁20-30份、甘露聚糖2-5份、干酪乳杆菌5-10份、嗜酸乳杆菌5-10份、水合铝硅酸钠钙10-15份、膨润土5-10份、植物乳杆菌5-20份、葡甘聚糖10-20份和水20-50份。
一种呕吐毒素脱毒剂的制备方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
将蒙脱石、水合铝硅酸钠钙和膨润土混合、研磨,过100目筛得到固体混合料;
将甘露聚糖、葡甘聚糖和酵母细胞壁加到所述固体混合料中,搅拌均匀,喷洒水份,加入干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌,,搅拌混合均匀,放置、烘干得到脱毒剂。
进一步的,所述放置条件包括温度18-25度、湿度60%-70%,时间5-10天;所述烘干温度为40-60度;时间为10-15小时。
一种呕吐毒素脱毒剂的脱毒方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
将饲料依次经过乙醇搅拌、氨气熏蒸、干燥、照射得到初步消毒饲料;然后向饲料中搅拌加入脱毒剂。
进一步的,所述乙醇加入量为饲料质量的5-10%;所述氨气熏蒸时间为30-40小时,所述氨气浓度为15-20%,所述温度为35-40度;所述干燥时间为15-25小时,干燥温度为60-80度;所述照射时间为6-12小时;所述脱毒剂为饲料量的2-5%。
一种呕吐毒素脱毒剂的制备装置,包括箱体和箱门;所述箱体与箱门活动连接;所述箱体底部设置有控制面板;所述箱体内设置有搅拌桨;所述箱体的内侧壁成花瓣形结构;所述花瓣状形结构之间设置有氨气通道、乙醇通道和照射灯。
进一步的,所述箱体的顶部设置有温度监测器、湿度监测器、循环风机和加热器。
进一步的,所述温度监测器、湿度监测器、循环风机和加热器均与控制面板连接。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明通过在常用的物理脱毒剂中加入部分生物菌,通过生物菌在饲料中的大量繁殖,结合生物菌细胞壁吸附和物理吸附,可以将饲料中的大量毒素吸附除去,完全不影响动物的饮食和生长;
本发明通过物理照射和化学熏蒸的方法,首相将饲料中的毒素部分脱除,然后加入脱毒剂,将饲料中的毒素彻底的脱除;
本发明通过将饲料生产过程中的多次脱毒过程集中在一个装置中进行,减少了工人的工作量,且搅拌效果更好,提高了生产效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种呕吐毒素脱毒剂的制备装置的结构示意图。
附图标记:1-箱门;2-箱体;3-搅拌桨;4-通道;5-控制面板。
具体实施例
下面结合实例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但这些实例并不限制本发明的范围,凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术和制备的材料均属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
按比例秤取蒙脱石30、酵母细胞壁30份、甘露聚糖4份、干酪乳杆菌8份、嗜酸乳杆菌10份、水合铝硅酸钠钙15份、膨润土5份、植物乳杆菌10份、葡甘聚糖10份和水50份。
将蒙脱石、水合铝硅酸钠钙和膨润土通过搅拌机器混合、研磨机研磨后,过100目筛得到固体混合料;
将甘露聚糖、葡甘聚糖和酵母细胞壁加到固体混合料中,继续通过机器搅拌均匀,喷洒水份,搅拌均匀,然后,加入干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌,搅拌混合均匀,在温度18度、湿度64%条件下放置10天、最后40度烘干12小时得到干燥的脱毒剂。
秤取若干重的饲料,然后搅拌加入饲料质量10%的乙醇,搅拌机器混合均匀,将搅拌机器密封,向搅拌机器中通入氨气,在40 度条件下对饲料进行熏蒸36小时,其中氨气浓度为15%,熏蒸结束后,将饲料在70度条件下干燥15小时、然后对饲料进行照射12小时得到初步脱毒饲料;最后将向饲料添加5%的脱毒剂,搅拌均匀即可。
实施例2
按比例秤取蒙脱石50、酵母细胞壁25份、甘露聚糖2份、干酪乳杆菌10份、嗜酸乳杆菌6份、水合铝硅酸钠钙10份、膨润土10份、植物乳杆菌5份、葡甘聚糖20份和45水。
将蒙脱石、水合铝硅酸钠钙和膨润土通过搅拌机器混合、研磨机研磨后,过100目筛得到固体混合料;
将甘露聚糖、葡甘聚糖和酵母细胞壁加到固体混合料中,继续通过机器搅拌均匀,喷洒水份,搅拌均匀,然后,加入干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌,搅拌混合均匀,在温度25度、湿度60%条件下放置5天、最后50度烘干10小时得到干燥的脱毒剂。
秤取若干重的饲料,然后搅拌加入饲料质量5%的乙醇,搅拌机器混合均匀,将搅拌机器密封,向搅拌机器中通入氨气,在38度条件下对饲料进行熏蒸40小时,其中氨气浓度为20%,熏蒸结束后,将饲料在60度条件下干燥25小时、然后对饲料进行照射8小时得到初步脱毒饲料;最后将向饲料添加2%的脱毒剂,搅拌均匀即可。
实施例3
按比例秤取蒙脱石40、酵母细胞壁20份、甘露聚糖5份、干酪乳杆菌5份、嗜酸乳杆菌5份、水合铝硅酸钠钙12份、膨润土8份、植物乳杆菌20份、葡甘聚糖16份和20水。
将蒙脱石、水合铝硅酸钠钙和膨润土通过搅拌机器混合、研磨机研磨后,过100目筛得到固体混合料;
将甘露聚糖、葡甘聚糖和酵母细胞壁加到固体混合料中,继续通过机器搅拌均匀,喷洒水份,搅拌均匀,然后,加入干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌,搅拌混合均匀,在温度20度、湿度70%条件下放置8天、最后60度烘干15小时得到干燥的脱毒剂。
秤取若干重的饲料,然后搅拌加入饲料质量8%的乙醇,搅拌机器混合均匀,将搅拌机器密封,向搅拌机器中通入氨气,在35度条件下对饲料进行熏蒸30小时,其中氨气浓度为18%,熏蒸结束后,将饲料在80度条件下干燥19小时、然后对饲料进行照射6得到初步脱毒饲料;最后将向饲料添加3%的脱毒剂,搅拌均匀即可。
实施例4
按比例秤取蒙脱石34、酵母细胞壁27份、甘露聚糖2份、干酪乳杆菌6份、嗜酸乳杆菌5份、水合铝硅酸钠钙14份、膨润土8份、植物乳杆菌15份、葡甘聚糖14份和35水。
将蒙脱石、水合铝硅酸钠钙和膨润土通过搅拌机器混合、研磨机研磨后,过100目筛得到固体混合料;
将甘露聚糖、葡甘聚糖和酵母细胞壁加到固体混合料中,继续通过机器搅拌均匀,喷洒水份,搅拌均匀,然后,加入干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌,搅拌混合均匀,在温度19度、湿度67%条件下放置10天、最后60度烘干13小时得到干燥的脱毒剂。
秤取若干重的饲料,然后搅拌加入饲料质量10%的乙醇,搅拌机器混合均匀,将搅拌机器密封,向搅拌机器中通入氨气,在40 度条件下对饲料进行熏蒸30小时,其中氨气浓度为15%,熏蒸结束后,将饲料在75度条件下干燥25小时、然后对饲料进行照射12小时得到初步脱毒饲料;最后将向饲料添加5%的脱毒剂,搅拌均匀即可。
对以上四组数据进行试验可以获得如表所示的监测结果。
表1,对实施例1-4进行脱毒试验获得的实验检测结果
备注:实验组1饲料中只加脱毒剂不进行初步脱毒;实验组2为饲料进行初步脱毒后加入脱毒剂情况。
上述实施例中提交的搅拌机器结构如图1所示,一种呕吐毒素脱毒剂的制备装置,包括箱体2和箱门1;箱体2与箱门1活动连接;箱体2的底部设置有控制面板5;箱体2内设置有搅拌桨3;箱体2的内侧壁成花瓣形结构;花瓣状形结构之间设置通道4,通道中安装有氨气通气口、乙醇通气口和照射灯。
箱体2的顶部设置有温度监测器、湿度监测器、循环风机和加热器。温度监测器、湿度监测器、循环风机和加热器均与控制面板5连接。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入本发明要求保护的范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (8)
1.一种呕吐毒素脱毒剂,其特征在于,包括如下重量配比的原料:蒙脱石30-50份、酵母细胞壁20-30份、甘露聚糖2-5份、干酪乳杆菌5-10份、嗜酸乳杆菌5-10份、水合铝硅酸钠钙10-15份、膨润土5-10份、植物乳杆菌5-20份、葡甘聚糖10-20份和水20-50份。
2.一种呕吐毒素脱毒剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括如下步骤:
将蒙脱石、水合铝硅酸钠钙和膨润土混合、研磨,过100目筛得到固体混合料;
将甘露聚糖、葡甘聚糖和酵母细胞壁加到所述固体混合料中,搅拌均匀,喷洒水份,加入干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌,,搅拌混合均匀,放置、烘干得到脱毒剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种呕吐毒素脱毒剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述放置条件包括温度18-25度、湿度60%-70%,时间5-10天;所述烘干温度为40-60度;时间为10-15小时。
4.一种呕吐毒素脱毒剂的脱毒方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括如下步骤:
将饲料依次经过乙醇搅拌、氨气熏蒸、干燥、照射得到初步消毒饲料;然后向饲料中搅拌加入脱毒剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种呕吐毒素脱毒剂的脱毒方法,其特征在于,所述乙醇加入量为饲料质量的5-10%;所述氨气熏蒸时间为30-40小时,所述氨气浓度为15-20%,所述温度为35-40度;所述干燥时间为15-25小时,干燥温度为60-80度;所述照射时间为6-12小时;所述脱毒剂为饲料量的2-5%。
6.一种呕吐毒素脱毒剂的制备装置,其特征在于,包括箱体和箱门;所述箱体与箱门活动连接;所述箱体底部设置有控制面板;所述箱体内设置有搅拌桨;所述箱体的内侧壁成花瓣形结构;所述花瓣状形结构之间设置有氨气通道、乙醇通道和照射灯。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种呕吐毒素脱毒剂的制备装置,其特征在于,所述箱体的顶部设置有温度监测器、湿度监测器、循环风机和加热器。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种呕吐毒素脱毒剂的制备装置,其特征在于,所述温度监测器、湿度监测器、循环风机和加热器均与控制面板连接。
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