CN110146397B - Bolt connection interface fretting friction wear testing device and method thereof - Google Patents
Bolt connection interface fretting friction wear testing device and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110146397B CN110146397B CN201910436937.6A CN201910436937A CN110146397B CN 110146397 B CN110146397 B CN 110146397B CN 201910436937 A CN201910436937 A CN 201910436937A CN 110146397 B CN110146397 B CN 110146397B
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
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Abstract
The invention relates to a bolt connection interface fretting friction wear testing device which comprises an excitation system, a measuring system, a test piece and a supporting system, wherein the excitation system is connected with the measuring system through a bolt; the test piece and support system comprises a bolt connection test piece, a flexible guide plate, an external support frame and a base; the excitation system comprises a piezoelectric actuator, a signal generator, a power amplifier, a knob and a force transmission ball; the measuring system comprises a supporting block, a dynamic force sensor, an annular dynamic force sensor, a laser vibration meter, an optical lens and a data acquisition unit; the invention utilizes the high-precision bolt interface friction and wear testing device of closed-loop control driven by the piezoelectric actuator, simultaneously considers broadband excitation, closed-loop control and precise optical displacement measurement, can realize friction and wear testing of various working conditions, and is easy to expand to other connection forms and test pieces. In addition, the device also has a plurality of protective measures, and can avoid equipment damage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of material friction and wear testing, and particularly relates to a bolt connection interface fretting friction and wear testing device.
Background
In service period of special equipment such as on-orbit space stations, nuclear weapons and strategic missiles, under the action of various dynamic loads, frictional wear phenomena such as material damage, surface appearance change and the like are easy to occur on the interface of bolt connecting parts on the special equipment, so that the reliability of the whole equipment is greatly reduced, and even catastrophic accidents occur. The frictional wear characteristics of the connecting interface of the test bolt can provide important data support for design optimization, reliability analysis, service life prediction, health monitoring and the like of the equipment.
The fretting friction and wear test aims at measuring a relative displacement-restoring force hysteresis curve representing the rigidity and damping characteristics of a contact interface and an evolution rule thereof so as to obtain the friction and wear characteristics such as interface contact rigidity, friction coefficient, wear loss and the like. At present, research documents, works and technical inventions about fretting friction and wear tests at home and abroad mostly focus on researching the friction and wear behaviors of materials in a simple connection mode, and the research on fretting friction and wear characteristic tests of bolt connection interfaces is very little. However, due to the large normal pretension of the bolted interface, the frictional behavior exhibits typical micro/macro composite sliding characteristics. Thus, the test requires a sufficiently large actuation force in the tangential direction of the interface, and also requires accurate measurement of the microscopic slip phenomenon. The former requires a large actuation force to increase the measurement range as much as possible, and the latter requires a high relative displacement measurement accuracy. Moreover, in order to ensure that an accurate wear evolution law is obtained, the output of the excitation system of the testing device needs to maintain good stability.
Until now, instruments for testing the friction and wear performance of materials sold at home and abroad cannot test the fretting friction and wear characteristics of the bolt connection interface. A test instrument capable of measuring the fretting friction and the abrasion characteristics of the bolt connection interface is not found in the technical invention at home and abroad. In foreign documents, only university of stuttgart in germany proposes a vibration device based on the resonance principle for testing the frictional wear of bolt interfaces (nonlinear vibration of bolt connection structures. physical science, 1997, 125 (1-4): 169-. Similar devices are also the large mass resonance devices of the sandia laboratory in usa, etc. (connection structure dynamics handbook. sandia laboratory, 2009, No. sanda 2009-4164). The device has the defects of unstable excitation input during resonance, low relative displacement test precision and the like due to the problems of indirect test by adopting mass inertia force induced by resonance and excitation by using an electromagnetic vibration exciter. Therefore, aiming at the defects, the invention provides a novel bolt connection interface fretting friction wear testing device.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows:
in order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a bolt connection interface fretting friction and wear testing device, which is a high-precision bolt interface friction and wear testing device driven by a piezoelectric actuator and controlled in a closed-loop manner.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a bolted connection interface fretting friction wear testing arrangement which characterized in that: the device comprises an excitation system, a measurement system, a test piece and a support system;
the test piece and support system comprises a bolt connection test piece, a flexible guide plate, an external support frame and a base; the base is used for mounting and supporting the whole device, and two parallel T-shaped grooves are formed in the upper surface of the base; the outer supporting frame is of a U-shaped structure, a first through hole is formed in the position of a central shaft of the U-shaped outer supporting frame and used for installing the excitation system, and the U-shaped surface on one side of the outer supporting frame is attached to the base through a positioning bolt; the two positioning bolts move along the two T-shaped grooves of the base, so that the position of the external support frame on the base can be adjusted; the flexible guide plate is of a rectangular plate-shaped structure, two ends of one side surface of the flexible guide plate are fixed on the end surfaces of two U-shaped support arms of the external support frame, the part from the middle position of the flexible guide plate to the two ends of the flexible guide plate is defined as two wings of the flexible guide plate, and the thickness of the two wings is smaller than that of the middle position and the two ends of the flexible guide plate; the bolt connection test piece comprises two connected pieces, the two connected pieces are fixedly attached through bolts and nuts, one end of the bolt connection test piece, namely one end of one connected piece, is fixedly connected with the middle position of the other side face of the flexible guide plate, and the other end of the bolt connection test piece, namely one end of the other connected piece, is fixedly connected with the measuring system;
the excitation system comprises a piezoelectric actuator, a signal generator, a power amplifier, a knob and a force transmission ball; the piezoelectric actuator is coaxially arranged between the two U-shaped support arms of the external support frame, one end of the piezoelectric actuator is arranged in a first through hole of the external support frame, the other end of the piezoelectric actuator is arranged in a blind hole in the center of the flexible guide plate, two ends of the piezoelectric actuator are respectively provided with a force transmission ball, the force transmission balls arranged in the blind holes are in contact with the inner bottom surface of the blind holes, the force transmission balls arranged in the first through holes are positioned through the knob, and the piezoelectric actuator can be pressed by rotating the knob; the signal generator is connected with the piezoelectric actuator through a power amplifier and is used for amplifying the level signal to be tested and transmitting the level signal to the piezoelectric actuator;
the measuring system comprises a supporting block, a dynamic force sensor, an annular dynamic force sensor, a laser vibration meter, an optical lens and a data acquisition unit; the supporting block is attached to the base through positioning bolts, and the two positioning bolts move along the two T-shaped grooves of the base, so that the position of the supporting block on the base can be adjusted; one end of the dynamic force sensor is fixed on the supporting block, and the other end of the dynamic force sensor is fixed with the other end of the bolt connection test piece and used for measuring the tangential friction force of the connection interface of the two connected pieces; the annular dynamic force sensor is sleeved on a bolt of the bolt connection test piece and used for monitoring the change of the pretightening force of the bolt; two optical lenses and two laser vibration meters are respectively and sequentially arranged on two sides of the bolt connection test piece and between the external supporting frame and the supporting block, and the relative displacement of the connection interfaces of the two connected pieces is measured through the reflection of the optical lenses; the data acquisition unit is connected with the two optical lenses, converts digital-to-analog signals and realizes acquisition and processing of various measurement data.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the bolt head of the positioning bolt is arranged in the T-shaped groove, the threaded rod of the positioning bolt is perpendicular to the upper surface of the base and penetrates through the second through hole of the external supporting frame or the third through hole of the supporting block, the positioning nut is arranged on the part of the threaded rod, which is exposed out of the external supporting frame or the supporting block, and the positioning of the external supporting frame or the supporting block is realized by screwing the positioning nut.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the thickness of two wings of the flexible guide plate is 4 mm.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: one end of the knob is provided with two parallel planes which are convenient for applying torque, and the other end of the knob is provided with a concave arc surface which is coincided with the central shaft of the knob and is used for limiting the position of the force transmission ball.
The testing method of the bolt connection interface fretting friction wear testing device is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: after the excitation system, the measurement system, the test piece and the support system are sequentially installed, starting the piezoelectric actuator, the laser vibration meter, the signal generator and the piezoelectric amplifier for initial debugging;
step two: sending an experiment starting instruction through a computer control program, sending dynamic excitation by the piezoelectric actuator, transmitting the dynamic excitation to a connection interface of the bolt connection test piece through the flexible guide plate, and enabling two connected pieces of the bolt connection test piece to move relatively under the action of friction force of the connection interface;
step three: the dynamic force sensor measures the friction force transmitted on the dynamic force sensor, the laser vibration meter measures the relative displacement of an interface, the annular force sensor monitors the change of the pretightening force of the bolt, and simultaneously records and stores a test result;
step four: and sequentially turning off a power supply of the test equipment, detaching the force measuring end from the excitation applying end, avoiding the equipment damage caused by long-time loading, and unloading the knob.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the piezoelectric actuator can receive a feedback signal from the built-in SGS sensor in the working process, so that the closed-loop control of an output signal is realized, and the piezoelectric actuator has high stable control capability.
(2) The transmission of the excitation ensures that the flexible guide plate applies unidirectionality, avoids the transverse vibration of the device and the possible rotary motion of the test piece, and improves the unidirectionality of load transmission.
(3) The piezoelectric actuator can realize very high loading frequency, so in the abrasion test, certain accelerated experiment can be theoretically carried out, and the test time is greatly shortened.
(4) The excitation application end and the measurement end of the device are separable, so that the test piece part can be easily popularized to test pieces with other connection forms or other geometric shapes.
(5) The device adopts two laser heads to measure the relative displacement of the connecting interface, and considers the deformation of the fixed end of the test piece, so the measurement reliability is higher.
The invention simultaneously considers broadband excitation, closed-loop control and precise optical displacement measurement, can realize the friction and wear test under various working conditions, and is easy to expand to other connection forms and test pieces. In addition, the device also has a plurality of protective measures, and can avoid equipment damage.
Drawings
FIG. 1: schematic diagram of bolt connection interface fretting friction wear testing device
FIG. 2: excitation applying device
FIG. 3: force measuring device and test piece
FIG. 4: schematic diagram of displacement measuring device
FIG. 5: schematic view of flexible guide plate
FIG. 6: connection schematic diagram of force transmission ball and piezoelectric actuator
FIG. 7: wiring schematic diagram of signal generation and data acquisition system
Description of reference numerals: the test device comprises a piezoelectric actuator 1, a flexible guide plate 2, a knob 3, an external support frame 4, a force transmission ball 5, a support block 6, a dynamic force sensor 7, an annular dynamic force sensor 8, a bolt connection test piece 9, an optical lens 10, a laser vibration meter 11 (dotted lines and arrows represent light paths), a power amplifier 12, a signal generator 13, a built-in SGS feedback controller 14, a data acquisition unit 15 and a T-shaped groove 16.
Detailed Description
The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention designs a fretting friction wear testing device for a bolt connection interface. The device mainly comprises an excitation applying device, a force measuring device, a bolt connection test piece and a displacement measuring device. As shown in fig. 2, the excitation applying device includes a piezoelectric actuator 1, an outer support frame 4, a flexible guide plate 2, a knob 3, and a force transmission ball 5. Two ends of the piezoelectric actuator 1 are respectively in hard contact with the flexible guide plate 2 and the knob 3 through the two small metal balls 5, the central lines of all parts are overlapped with the central axis of the piezoelectric actuator 1, and when the excitation device is installed, the piezoelectric actuator 1 is tightly matched with other parts through rotating the knob 3, so that excitation loss is not caused. The lead of the piezoelectric actuator 1 is connected with a piezoelectric amplifier and a built-in SGS sensor, so that signal application and closed-loop control are realized. The force measuring device and the test piece part are then assembled, as shown in fig. 3, which comprises a support block 6, a dynamic force sensor 7, an annular dynamic force sensor 8, and a bolted test piece 9. One end of the dynamic force sensor 7 is fixed on the supporting block 6 through bolt connection, and the other end is connected with the bolt connection test piece 9 through a stud. The ring dynamic force sensor 8 is sleeved on a bolt of the connecting bolt connecting test piece 9, and the lead wires of the two force sensors are connected with a data acquisition unit to realize the conversion of digital-to-analog signals and the signal acquisition. The test piece shown in fig. 3 is centered and connected to the excitation applying apparatus shown in fig. 2. The measurement of the relative displacement of the test piece is realized by the laser vibrometer 11, as shown in fig. 4. The displacement measuring device comprises two identical optical lenses 10 and two laser vibration meters 11. The laser beam of one of the laser vibrometers 11 is reflected by the optical lens and shines on the test piece 9 connected with the flexible guide plate 2 for measuring the displacement of one end of the test piece. The laser beam of the other laser vibrometer 11 is reflected by the optical lens 10 and shines on the surface of the dynamic force sensor 7 for measuring the displacement of the other end of the test piece. The relative displacement of the specimen attachment interface is obtained by subtracting the measured displacement amounts.
The first subsystem of the fretting friction wear testing device of the bolt connection interface is an excitation system and comprises a piezoelectric actuator 1, a signal generator 13, a power amplifier 12, a knob 3 and a force transmission ball 5. The piezoelectric actuator 1 is used as a power source of the device, provides periodic excitation, and realizes closed-loop control through a built-in sensor and a feedback element so as to ensure that a stable excitation signal is output in the friction and wear test process. The signal generator 13 is used to provide a level signal of a specific frequency and waveform required for the test and to the power amplifier 12. The power amplifier 12 amplifies the signal and transmits the signal to the piezoelectric actuator. The knob 3 is used for providing pretightening force when the device is initially installed so that the piezoelectric actuator 1 is in hard contact with the bolt connection test piece 9, the separation between the piezoelectric actuator 1 and the bolt connection test piece is avoided in the test process, and the load failure is avoided. The force transmission ball 5 is used for transmitting the load output by the piezoelectric actuator 1 and unloading the asymmetric load caused by assembly and process, so that the piezoelectric actuator 1 is prevented from being damaged by radial shearing force, the piezoelectric actuator 1 is ensured not to be acted by the radial shearing force, and the actuator is further protected.
The second subsystem is a measuring system, which comprises a dynamic force sensor 7, an annular dynamic force sensor 8, a laser vibration meter 11, an optical lens 10 and a data acquisition unit 15. Wherein the dynamic force sensor 7 is used to measure the tangential friction force transmitted through the connection interface; the annular dynamic force sensor 8 is used for monitoring the change of the bolt pretightening force; the two laser vibration meters 11 and the two optical lenses 10 are respectively arranged on two sides of the device to avoid light path interference, and the relative displacement of the connecting interface can be obtained by subtracting two sets of measurement data. The laser vibration meter 11 is used for measuring the relative displacement between the connection interfaces; the optical lens 10 is used to reflect the laser beam emitted from the laser vibrometer 11 to the area near the end face of the joint and mark the measurement point. The data acquisition unit is used for realizing the conversion of digital-to-analog signals and acquiring and processing the data signals.
The third subsystem is test piece and braced system, contains bolted connection test piece 9, flexible deflector 2, outside carriage 4, base. One end of the bolt connection test piece 9 is connected with the piezoelectric actuator 1, and the other end is connected with the dynamic force sensor 7. The function of the flexible guide plate 2 is to ensure that the excitation output by the piezoelectric actuator is transmitted along the axial direction thereof, and the rigidity thereof must be lower than that of the piezoelectric actuator itself to ensure that the piezoelectric actuator 1 can provide sufficient displacement. The low rigidity requirement of the flexible guide plate 2 is ensured by the thin sheet parts and the two wing parts (the thickness is 4mm, the material is stainless steel, and the integral rigidity of the structure can be changed by adjusting the length of the thin sheet). The external supporting frame 4 plays a limiting role, and the piezoelectric actuator 1 and the dynamic force sensor 7 are fixedly connected to the T-shaped groove of the base. The base is used for fixing a rigid foundation of the whole testing device.
The working process of the connecting interface friction wear testing device is mainly divided into three steps:
1) and (3) sequentially installing equipment according to the flow, starting the piezoelectric actuator 1, the laser vibration meter 11, the signal generator and the piezoelectric amplifier, and performing initial debugging.
2) The computer control program sends out an experiment starting instruction, the piezoelectric actuator 1 sends out dynamic excitation, the dynamic excitation is transmitted to a connection interface of the test piece 9 through the flexible guide plate 2, and the test piece moves relatively due to the action of friction force.
3) The dynamic force sensor 7 measures the friction force transmitted on the dynamic force sensor, the laser vibration meter 11 measures the relative displacement of an interface, and the annular force sensor 8 monitors the change of the pretightening force of the bolt. And recording and storing the test result.
And sequentially turning off a power supply of the test equipment, detaching the force measuring end from the excitation applying end, avoiding the equipment damage caused by long-time loading, and unloading the knob.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a bolted connection interface fretting friction wear testing arrangement which characterized in that: the device comprises an excitation system, a measurement system, a test piece and a support system;
the test piece and support system comprises a bolt connection test piece, a flexible guide plate, an external support frame and a base; the base is used for mounting and supporting the whole device, and two parallel T-shaped grooves are formed in the upper surface of the base; the outer supporting frame is of a U-shaped structure, a first through hole is formed in the position of a central shaft of the U-shaped outer supporting frame and used for installing the excitation system, and the U-shaped surface on one side of the outer supporting frame is attached to the base through a positioning bolt; the two positioning bolts move along the two T-shaped grooves of the base, so that the position of the external support frame on the base can be adjusted; the flexible guide plate is of a rectangular plate-shaped structure, two ends of one side surface of the flexible guide plate are fixed on the end surfaces of two U-shaped support arms of the external support frame, the part from the middle position of the flexible guide plate to the two ends of the flexible guide plate is defined as two wings of the flexible guide plate, and the thickness of the two wings is smaller than that of the middle position and the two ends of the flexible guide plate; the bolt connection test piece comprises two connected pieces, the two connected pieces are fixedly attached through bolts and nuts, one end of the bolt connection test piece, namely one end of one connected piece, is fixedly connected with the middle position of the other side face of the flexible guide plate, and the other end of the bolt connection test piece, namely one end of the other connected piece, is fixedly connected with the measuring system;
the excitation system comprises a piezoelectric actuator, a signal generator, a power amplifier, a knob and a force transmission ball; the piezoelectric actuator is coaxially arranged between the two U-shaped support arms of the external support frame, one end of the piezoelectric actuator is arranged in a first through hole of the external support frame, the other end of the piezoelectric actuator is arranged in a blind hole in the center of the flexible guide plate, two ends of the piezoelectric actuator are respectively provided with a force transmission ball, the force transmission balls arranged in the blind holes are in contact with the inner bottom surface of the blind holes, the force transmission balls arranged in the first through holes are positioned through the knob, and the piezoelectric actuator can be pressed by rotating the knob; the signal generator is connected with the piezoelectric actuator through a power amplifier and is used for amplifying the level signal obtained by testing and transmitting the level signal to the piezoelectric actuator;
the measuring system comprises a supporting block, a dynamic force sensor, an annular dynamic force sensor, a laser vibration meter, an optical lens and a data acquisition unit; the supporting block is attached to the base through positioning bolts, and the two positioning bolts move along the two T-shaped grooves of the base, so that the position of the supporting block on the base can be adjusted; one end of the dynamic force sensor is fixed on the supporting block, and the other end of the dynamic force sensor is fixed with the other end of the bolt connection test piece and used for measuring the tangential friction force of the connection interface of the two connected pieces; the annular dynamic force sensor is sleeved on a bolt of the bolt connection test piece and used for monitoring the change of the pretightening force of the bolt; two optical lenses and two laser vibration meters are respectively and sequentially arranged on two sides of the bolt connection test piece and between the external supporting frame and the supporting block, and the relative displacement of the connection interfaces of the two connected pieces is measured through the reflection of the optical lenses; and the data acquisition unit is connected with the lead wires of the two force sensors to realize the conversion of digital-to-analog signals and the signal acquisition.
2. The bolted interface fretting wear test device of claim 1, wherein: the bolt head of the positioning bolt is arranged in the T-shaped groove, the threaded rod of the positioning bolt is perpendicular to the upper surface of the base and penetrates through the second through hole of the external supporting frame or the third through hole of the supporting block, the positioning nut is arranged on the part of the threaded rod, which is exposed out of the external supporting frame or the supporting block, and the positioning of the external supporting frame or the supporting block is realized by screwing the positioning nut.
3. The bolted interface fretting wear test device of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of two wings of the flexible guide plate is 4 mm.
4. The bolted interface fretting wear test device of claim 1, wherein: one end of the knob is provided with two parallel planes which are convenient for applying torque, and the other end of the knob is provided with a concave arc surface of which the central shaft is superposed with the central shaft of the knob and is used for limiting the position of the force transmission ball.
5. The testing method of the bolt connection interface fretting friction wear testing device according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: after the excitation system, the measurement system, the test piece and the support system are sequentially installed, starting the piezoelectric actuator, the laser vibration meter, the signal generator and the piezoelectric amplifier for initial debugging;
step two: sending an experiment starting instruction through a computer control program, sending dynamic excitation by the piezoelectric actuator, transmitting the dynamic excitation to a connection interface of the bolt connection test piece through the flexible guide plate, and enabling two connected pieces of the bolt connection test piece to move relatively under the action of friction force of the connection interface;
step three: the dynamic force sensor measures the friction force transmitted on the dynamic force sensor, the laser vibration meter measures the relative displacement of an interface, the annular force sensor monitors the change of the pretightening force of the bolt, and simultaneously records and stores a test result;
step four: and sequentially turning off a power supply of the test equipment, detaching the force measuring end from the excitation applying end, avoiding the equipment damage caused by long-time loading, and unloading the knob.
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| CN110823746A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-02-21 | 浙江工业大学 | Friction wear device |
| CN110853697B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2024-05-03 | 浙江工业大学 | High-precision micro-motion displacement generating device |
| CN113218800B (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2022-06-21 | 同济大学 | Ball valve fretting wear testing system and method based on piezoelectric actuator |
| CN114112343B (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2023-09-15 | 中国民航大学 | Device for measuring tiny looseness of double-screw connecting structure |
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