CN110145363B - Roof control method for realizing transition from fully mechanized mining face caving to filling mining - Google Patents
Roof control method for realizing transition from fully mechanized mining face caving to filling mining Download PDFInfo
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- CN110145363B CN110145363B CN201910359930.9A CN201910359930A CN110145363B CN 110145363 B CN110145363 B CN 110145363B CN 201910359930 A CN201910359930 A CN 201910359930A CN 110145363 B CN110145363 B CN 110145363B
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/008—Anchoring or tensioning means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/02—Supporting means, e.g. shuttering, for filling-up materials
- E21F15/04—Stowing mats; Goaf wire netting; Partition walls
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/06—Filling-up mechanically
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a top plate control method for realizing the transition from fully mechanized mining face collapse to filling mining, which sequentially sets an initial high-strength control area and a continuous stable support area along the mining direction of the fully mechanized mining face; the initial high-strength control area is controlled under a basic top breaking block and mainly comprises an anchor rod cable supporting system in front of a bracket, a wood column net supporting and retaining system behind the bracket and a continuous constraint narrow filler supporting system; the anchor rod cable supporting system before the bracket performs anchor rod cable construction between the bracket and the coal wall, and completes the integral control of the top plate before entering the goaf; the continuous restraining narrow filling body supporting system carries out high-concentration filling on each cutting knife of the working face, and carries out continuous restraint on the following narrow filling bodies by using anchor cables in a transverse restraint mode to form an integral support; the continuous stable supporting area consists of an anchor rod supporting system and a high-concentration narrow-filler supporting system, and then normal filling exploitation is carried out by adopting a conventional concentration filling material and a wide filling bag.
Description
Technical Field
The invention provides a roof control method for realizing transition from fully mechanized mining face collapse to filling mining, relates to the underground coal resource mining field, and is particularly suitable for the condition of coal compaction of village buildings with scattered communities on an ultra-long fully mechanized mining face.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous development and perfection of comprehensive mechanized mining, the development and arrangement length of fully mechanized mining working surfaces in China is longer and longer, the propulsion length of a single fully mechanized mining working surface with partial mines is up to 4km, and the working surface with the propulsion length inevitably faces the problem of coal compaction of buildings in villages with scattered communities on the ground and also has an influence on the regular arrangement mode of the fully mechanized mining working surfaces. Aiming at coal beds in the coal pressing areas of the village buildings with the scattered communities, adopting a filling method to mine, and utilizing a filling mining technology to control the subsidence of the ground surfaces of the coal pressing areas of the village buildings with the scattered communities so as to protect the ecological environment; coal beds outside the coal pressing areas of the village buildings with the scattered communities are mined by adopting a caving method, so that the production cost is reduced. The existing fully-mechanized mining equipment is based on the mining by a caving method, the mining by a filling method needs to be specially purchased, and the filling equipment is replaced underground, so that the outstanding problems of complicated construction process, high investment cost, tension in working face replacement and the like exist. Therefore, it is highly desirable to explore a mining method capable of realizing free switching between mining by a caving method and mining by a filling method on the basis of existing fully-mechanized mining equipment and fully-mechanized mining technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of coal compaction of village buildings with scattered communities on an ultra-long fully-mechanized mining face, and simultaneously solves the problems of economy, technology and the like when a filling method mining system and a cross-falling method mining system are needed to be adopted, and provides a mining method which is simple and feasible in technology, has outstanding economic benefit and strong practicability and can realize free switching between mining by a falling method and mining by the filling method in the mining process. The method can effectively solve the problem of coal compaction of village buildings with scattered communities on the ultra-long fully-mechanized mining face, can realize free transition between mining systems with a caving method and mining systems with a filling method, and can solve the outstanding problems of complicated construction process, high investment cost, low working efficiency, poor economic benefit, short work face replacement and the like in the traditional treatment method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a roof control method for realizing the transition from fully mechanized mining face collapse to filling mining, wherein an initial high-strength control area and a continuous stable support area are sequentially arranged along the mining direction of the fully mechanized mining face; the initial high-strength control area is controlled under a basic top breaking block and mainly comprises an anchor rod cable supporting system in front of a bracket, a wood column net supporting and retaining system behind the bracket and a continuous constraint narrow filler supporting system; the anchor rod cable supporting system before the bracket performs anchor rod cable construction between the bracket and the coal wall, and completes the integral control of the top plate before entering the goaf; the continuous restraining narrow filling body supporting system carries out high-concentration filling on each cutting knife of the working face, and carries out continuous restraint on the following narrow filling bodies by using anchor cables in a transverse restraint mode to form an integral support; the continuous stable supporting area consists of an anchor rod supporting system and a high-concentration narrow-filler supporting system, and then normal filling exploitation is carried out by adopting a conventional concentration filling material and a wide filling bag.
The initial high-strength control area is in the initial stage of collapsing to filling transition, the control distance W of the initial high-strength control area can be formulated to be 4.8-9.6 m according to working face mining production conditions and mine pressure rules, namely, the initial high-strength control area comprises 2-4 groups of continuous constraint narrow filling bodies, after the initial high-strength control area is used for strongly supporting the top plate after mining, the top plate can be initially stabilized, and a supporting environment is created for the subsequent continuous stable supporting area; the continuous stable supporting area is arranged behind the initial high-strength control area, the top plate pressure tends to be stable during supporting, and the distance V of the continuous stable supporting area can be set to be 2.4-8 m according to the top plate stability condition of the initial high-strength control area and the top plate pressure measurement condition.
The pressure-bearing supporting main body of the initial high-strength control area is a continuous constraint narrow filling body supporting system, the continuous constraint narrow filling body supporting system consists of high-concentration filling materials, a reserved hole narrow cuboid filling bag, anchor cables and a tray, and the continuous constraint narrow filling body supporting system is used for carrying out timely follow-up filling operation after fully mechanized mining working faces are pushed, so that the single high-concentration filling length is equal to the length of each cutter of the working faces; placing trays in tray bags at two sides of a reserved hole narrow cuboid filling bag, injecting high-concentration filling materials into the reserved hole narrow cuboid filling bag to form a single high-concentration narrow filling body, additionally penetrating two or more rows of transverse anchor cables at the reserved hole position of the single high-concentration narrow filling body, enabling the anchor cables to penetrate through the trays at two sides at the same time, and then applying pretightening force to carry out primary constraint to form an initial single-constraint narrow filling body; with the continuous pushing of the working face, newly-added single high-concentration narrow filler is additionally penetrated on the transverse anchor cable, one side of the newly-added single high-concentration narrow filler is abutted against the initial single-constraint narrow filler, and the other side of the newly-added single high-concentration narrow filler is additionally provided with a tray to apply pre-tightening force for instant constraint; along with the continuous advancing of the working face, newly-increased single high-concentration narrow filling bodies are in a string shape, are sequentially worn on the whole transverse anchor cable, are subjected to instant pre-tightening and instant constraint, and can be constructed into continuous constraint narrow filling bodies by two or more single high-concentration narrow filling bodies; in the whole construction process, the high-strength high-prestress anchor cable and the outer side tray are additionally penetrated in the continuous constraint narrow filling body to strengthen the confining pressure of the narrow filling body, so that the bearing capacity, shearing resistance and deformation resistance of the narrow filling body can be improved under the condition of large deformation of the post-mining space, and the post-mining top plate can be strongly supported.
The wood column net retaining system of the initial high-strength control area is arranged on the side close to the caving gangue, the wood column net retaining system is formed by combining the wood columns and the flexible metal nets, the flexible metal nets are paved in advance on the top plate of the fully mechanized mining face, namely, the front of the hydraulic support is paved, the length of the flexible metal nets embedded into the caving gangue in the goaf is 1-3 m along with the pushing of the hydraulic support, the length of the hanging net on the side of the goaf is the sum of the mining height and the length of the flexible metal nets embedded into the goaf, the wood column strong supporting top plate is supported on the side of the goaf behind the hydraulic support, the flexible metal nets can be fully exerted through the wood columns as the flexible metal net support, the space after the caving gangue in the goaf is blocked, temporary retaining is realized, and the working space is prepared for the subsequent timely filling.
The roof of the initial high-strength control area is reinforced by an anchor rod cable supporting system, the anchor rod cable supporting system is formed by combining an anchor rod, an anchor rope, a flexible metal net, a tray and a reinforced ladder beam, construction is started between a hydraulic support and a solid coal wall, an anchor rod cable is constructed and installed in the direction of a parallel working surface, the reinforced ladder beam is used as an anchor rod cable supporting connector, and then the tray is added and pretightening force is applied; the anchor cable and the anchor rod are respectively anchored on the basic roof and the direct roof, the anchor cable is anchored on the deep part of the roof strata to create an anchoring stability area for anchor rod support, the steel bar ladder beam is connected with a plurality of anchor rods and is tightly attached to the surface layer of the roof by fastening the flexible metal net, so that the prestress field penetrates into the deep part of the roof strata from the shallow part of the roof strata, the roof can be integrally reinforced, the roof can still be ensured to be complete after entering the goaf, and a good roof environment is created for subsequent filling operation.
The roof of the continuous stable supporting area is reinforced by adopting an anchor rod supporting system, the anchor rod supporting system is formed by combining an anchor rod, a flexible metal net, a tray and a reinforced ladder beam, the construction is started between a hydraulic support and a solid coal wall, the anchor rod is constructed and installed in the direction of a parallel working surface, the reinforced ladder beam is used as an anchor rod supporting connector, then the tray is added, the pretightening force is applied, and the roof is integrally reinforced; the pressure-bearing support main body of the continuous stable support area is a high-concentration narrow-filler support system, the high-concentration narrow-filler support system is formed by combining high-concentration filling materials and narrow cuboid filling bags, the high-concentration filling materials are injected into the narrow cuboid filling bags and are condensed into a high-concentration narrow-filler to support a post-mining top plate, after the pressure value of the top plate tends to be stable through observation and actual measurement, the continuous stable support area is ended, and normal filling mining is started by adopting conventional concentration filling materials and wide filling bags.
The continuous constraint narrow filling body has the advantages that the density degree of the anchor cable and the number of the single constraint filling bodies are related to the actual supporting mode, the roof control distance, the mining height and the shearing resistance and deformation resistance.
The roof control method for realizing the transition from fully-mechanized mining face caving to filling mining has the beneficial effects that the roof control method can realize the direct transition from a caving mining area to a filling mining area when the problem of coal compaction of village buildings with scattered communities exists on the ultra-long fully-mechanized mining face, realize the free transition between the caving mining and the filling mining systems, avoid the need of setting a protective coal pillar, avoid the need of opening and cutting eyes again to arrange a filling working face, save the moving of the working face, effectively relieve the succession tension of the working face, and have high working efficiency, high resource recovery rate, good economic benefit and wide and important practical value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an implementation structure of a roof control method for realizing a transition from fully mechanized mining face collapse to filling mining.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second implementation structure of a roof control method for implementing a fully-mechanized mining face collapse to filling mining transition.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram III of an implementation structure of a roof control method for realizing the transition from fully mechanized mining face collapse to filling mining.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an implementation structure of a roof control method for realizing a transition from fully mechanized mining face collapse to filling mining.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 1-1 of FIG. 1.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 of fig. 2.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 3.
Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4-4 of fig. 4.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a reinforced ladder beam.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a tray.
Fig. 11 is a schematic drawing of fully mechanized face mining of coal compacting for a scattered community village building.
Fig. 12 is an enlarged view of a portion of the anchor line support system.
Fig. 13 is an enlarged view of a portion of the anchor support system.
The reference numerals are explained as follows: 1. an initial high-strength control region; 2. connecting the stable supporting area; 3. a wood column net supporting and retaining system; 3-1, wood struts; 3-2, a flexible metal net; 3-3, single prop; 4. an anchor rope support system; 4-1, a first anchor rod; 4-2, a first anchor cable; 4-3, a first tray; 4-4, a first reinforced ladder beam; 5. continuously constraining the narrow-filler support system; 5a, single high-concentration narrow filling body; 5b, continuously restraining the narrow filling body; 5-1, high-concentration filling material; 5-2, filling a bag with a reserved hole and a narrow cuboid; 5-3, a second anchor cable; 5-4, a second tray; 5a, single high-concentration narrow filling body; 5b, continuously restraining the narrow filling body; 6. an anchor bolt support system; 6-1, a third anchor rod; 6-2, a third tray; 6-3, a third reinforced ladder beam; 7. a high concentration narrow filler support system; 7-1, a narrow cuboid filling bag; 7-2, high concentration narrow filling body; 8. a hydraulic support; 9. a coal mining machine; 10. a scraper conveyor; 11. a solid coal wall; 12. a goaf; 12-1, caving the gangue in the goaf; 13. fully mechanized coal mining face; 14-1, direct jacking; 14-2, a base roof; 15. normal filling and exploitation; 16. mining the area by a caving method; 17. mining the area by a filling method; 18. community village building.
Detailed Description
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a top plate control method for realizing the transition from fully mechanized mining face collapse to filling mining.
Examples
1-4 and 11, the total length of a single fully-mechanized mining face 13 of a coal mine reaches 2.4 km, the problem that scattered community village buildings 18 press coal exists in two sections of areas with the working face advancing distance of 0.8-1.1 km and 1.6-1.9 km is solved, and the coal seam in the scattered community village buildings 18 press coal area is mined by adopting a filling method to form a filling method mining area 17, so that the ecological environment is protected; the method is characterized in that a coal seam outside a coal pressing area of a village building with a scattered community is mined by adopting a caving method to form a caving method mining area 16, so that production cost is reduced, namely, the lengths of mining working surfaces by adopting the caving method are 0-0.8 km, 1.1-1.6 km and 1.9-2.4 km, the lengths of mining working surfaces by adopting a filling method are 0.8-1.1 km and 1.6-1.9 km, the existing fully-mechanized mining equipment is comprehensively considered to be based on the caving method mining, if the filling method mining needs to be specially purchased with the filling mining equipment, initial investment is high, and the utilization rate of the filling equipment is low, in order to reduce cost, the working surfaces are relieved from replacing tension, and free conversion from caving to filling is realized. The fully mechanized mining face 13 with the total length of 2.4 km is reasonably segmented and mined by adopting a caving method and a filling method, after 0-0.8 km is mined by adopting the caving method, 0.8-1.1 km is mined by adopting the filling method in a coal seam in a coal pressing area of a village building with a dispersed community, namely, the initial high-strength control area 1 and the continuous stable support area 2 are arranged at the junction of the caving to the filling transition, namely, the control is performed under a basic top fracture A block; the initial high-strength control area 1 mainly comprises a front anchor rod cable support 4, a rear wood column net support system 3 and a continuous constraint narrow filler support system 5; the continuous stable supporting area 2 mainly comprises an anchor rod supporting system 6 and a high-concentration narrow-filler supporting system 7.
As shown in fig. 5, firstly, a wood column net retaining system 3 is arranged on the side of the initial high-strength control area 1 close to the collapsed waste rock, the wood column net retaining system 3 is formed by combining a wood column 3-1 and a flexible metal net 3-2, the flexible metal net 3-2 is laid on a fully-mechanized mining face top plate in advance, namely, the flexible metal net 3-2 is laid from the front of a hydraulic support 8, the length of the flexible metal net 3-2 embedded into the waste rock 12-1 in a goaf is 2m along with the pushing of the hydraulic support 8, the hanging net length of the goaf side is the sum of the mining height and the length of the flexible metal net 3-2 embedded into the goaf 12, a temporary single column is supported behind the hydraulic support 8, then the wood column 3-1 is supported by a strong force near the goaf side, the wood column 3-1 is spaced by 0.5 m, the flexible metal net 3-2 is used as a support of the flexible metal net 3-2, the flexible metal net 3-2 can be fully exerted, the telescopic characteristic of the goaf is blocked, the space after the goaf 12-1 is fallen, the temporary retaining is realized, and the working space is prepared for the subsequent filling of the waste rock in time.
As shown in fig. 6, 9 and 10, secondly, the roof strata of the initial high-strength control area 1 is reinforced by adopting an anchor cable support system 4, wherein the anchor cable support system 4 is formed by combining a first anchor cable 4-1, a first anchor cable 4-2, a tray 4-3 and a reinforced ladder beam 4-4, the construction is started between a hydraulic support 8 and a solid coal wall 11, the first anchor cable 4-1 and the first anchor cable 4-2 are constructed and installed in a direction parallel to a working surface, the first anchor cable 4-2 is installed in a first row, the installation angle alpha is 75 degrees, namely, an included angle with the horizontal direction is 75 degrees, the installation space of the first anchor cable 4-1 is 800×800mm, the installation space of the first anchor cable 4-2 is 1600×1600mm, the reinforced ladder beam 4-4 is used as a first anchor cable 4-1 and a first anchor cable 4-2 support connector, and then the tray 4-3 is added and a pretightening force is applied; the first anchor rods 4-1 and the first anchor cables 4-2 are respectively anchored at the basic roof 14-2 and the direct roof 14-1, the first anchor cables 4-2 are anchored at the deep part of the roof strata, an anchoring stability area is created for supporting the first anchor rods 4-1, the plurality of first anchor rods 4-1 and the first anchor cables 4-2 are connected by the steel bar ladder beams 4-4, the flexible metal net 3-2 is fastened to be tightly adhered to the surface layer of the roof, the prestress field penetrates into the deep part of the roof strata from the shallow part of the roof strata, the roof strata can be integrally reinforced, the roof can still be ensured to be complete after entering the goaf 12, and a good roof environment is created for subsequent filling operation.
As shown in fig. 6 and 10, the pressure-bearing supporting body of the initial high-strength control area 1 is a continuous constraint narrow-filler supporting system 5, and is composed of a high-concentration filler 5-1, a reserved hole narrow-cuboid filler bag 5-2, a second anchor cable 5-3 and a second tray 5-4, and is used for carrying out instant filling after the fully mechanized mining face is pushed in, so that the single high-concentration filler length is equal to the length of each cutter of the face; placing second trays 5-4 in tray bags on two sides of the reserved hole narrow cuboid filling bag 5-2, injecting high-concentration filling materials into the reserved hole narrow cuboid filling bag 5-2 to form a single high-concentration narrow filling body 5a, additionally penetrating two or more rows of transverse second anchor cables 5-3 at the reserved hole position, enabling the second anchor cables 5-3 to penetrate the second trays 5-4 on two sides, and then applying pretightening force to carry out primary constraint to form an initial single-constraint narrow filling body 5a; along with the continuous pushing of the working face, a newly added single high-concentration narrow filler 5a is additionally penetrated on the transverse second anchor cable 5-3, one side of the newly added single high-concentration narrow filler is abutted against the original single high-concentration narrow filler 5a, and the other side of the newly added single high-concentration narrow filler is additionally provided with a second tray 5-4 to apply pretightening force so as to carry out instant constraint; along with the continuous pushing of the working face, the newly added single high-concentration narrow filling bodies 5a are in a string shape, are sequentially worn on the whole transverse second anchor cable 5-3, respectively perform instant pre-tightening and instant constraint on each newly added single high-concentration narrow filling body 5a, and can be constructed into continuous constraint narrow filling bodies 5b by two or more single high-concentration narrow filling bodies 5a; in the whole construction process, the second anchor cable 5-3 with high strength and high prestress and the second tray 5-4 outside are additionally penetrated in the narrow filling body 5b to strengthen the confining pressure, so that the bearing capacity, shearing resistance and deformation resistance of the post-mining roof can be improved under the condition of large deformation of the post-mining space, and the post-mining roof can be strongly supported. The continuous constraint narrow filling bodies 5b are related to the actual supporting mode, the roof control distance, the mining height and the shearing and deformation resistance through the intensive degree of the second anchor cables 5-3 and the number of the single-pass high-concentration narrow filling bodies 5 a.
As shown in fig. 8, the initial high-strength control area 1 is in the initial stage of collapsing to filling transition, and the control distance W can be set to 9.6 m according to the working face mining production conditions and the mine pressure rule, namely, the initial high-strength control area 1 comprises 4 groups of continuous constraint narrow filling bodies 5b, after the initial high-strength control area 1 strongly supports the top plate after mining, the top plate can be initially stabilized, and a supporting environment is created for the subsequent continuous stable supporting area 2; the continuous stable supporting area 2 is arranged behind the initial high-strength control area 1, the top plate pressure tends to be stable during supporting, and the distance V of the continuous stable supporting area 2 can be set to be 8m according to the top plate stability condition of the initial high-strength control area 1 and combining with the top plate pressure measurement condition.
As shown in fig. 7, 8 and 9, the roof strata of the continuous stable supporting area 2 is reinforced by adopting an anchor rod supporting system 6, the anchor rod supporting system 6 is formed by combining a third anchor rod 6-1, a third tray 6-2 and a third reinforced ladder beam 6-3, the construction is started between a hydraulic support 8 and a solid coal wall 11, the third anchor rod 6-1 is constructed and installed in the direction of a parallel working surface, the third reinforced ladder beam 6-3 is used as a third anchor rod 6-1 supporting connector, and then the third tray 6-2 is added and a pretightening force is applied to integrally reinforce the roof; the pressure-bearing support main body of the continuous stable support area 2 is a high-concentration narrow-filler support system 7, the high-concentration narrow-filler support system 7 is formed by combining high-concentration filling materials 7-1 and narrow cuboid filling bags 7-2, the high-concentration filling materials 7-1 are injected into the narrow cuboid filling bags 7-2 and are condensed into a high-concentration narrow-filler support post-mining top plate, after the pressure value of the top plate tends to be stable through observation and actual measurement, the continuous stable support area 2 is ended, and normal filling mining 15 is started by adopting conventional concentration filling materials and wide filling bags.
If the first section of the filling total length of fig. 11 is 0.3 km, namely, mining a working surface within a range of 0.8-1.1 km by adopting a filling method, mining a working surface within a range of 1.1-1.6 km by adopting a caving method, and then carrying out caving-to-filling free conversion on a building which is subjected to community village coal compaction again by adopting the method of the invention, wherein the second section of the filling total length is 0.3 km, namely, mining a working surface within a range of 1.6-1.9 km by adopting a filling method, and finally mining the remaining working surface within a range of 1.9-2.4 km by adopting a caving method.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, not for limiting the present invention, and various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and therefore all equivalent technical solutions are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A roof control method for realizing the transition from fully mechanized mining face collapse to filling mining is characterized in that: sequentially setting an initial high-strength control area and a continuous stable supporting area along the mining direction of the fully-mechanized mining face; the initial high-strength control area is controlled under a basic top breaking block and mainly comprises an anchor rod cable supporting system in front of a hydraulic support, a wood column net supporting system behind the hydraulic support and a continuous constraint narrow filler supporting system; the front anchor rod rope supporting system of the hydraulic support carries out anchor rod rope construction between the hydraulic support and the solid coal wall, and the roof integrity control is completed before entering the goaf; the continuous restraining narrow filler supporting system carries out high-concentration filling on each cutting knife of the working face, and carries out continuous restraint on the subsequent high-concentration narrow filler by using an anchor cable in a transverse restraint mode to form an integral support; the continuous stable supporting area consists of an anchor rod supporting system and a high-concentration narrow-filler supporting system, and then normal filling exploitation is carried out by adopting a conventional concentration filling material and a wide filling bag.
2. The roof control method for realizing fully-mechanized mining face collapse to filling mining transition according to claim 1, wherein the roof control method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the initial high-strength control area is in the initial stage of collapsing to filling transition, the control distance W is set to be 4.8-9.6 m according to working face mining production conditions and mine pressure rules, namely, the initial high-strength control area comprises 2-4 groups of continuous constraint narrow filling bodies, after the initial high-strength control area strongly supports the top plate after mining, the top plate can be initially stabilized, and a supporting environment is created for the subsequent continuous stable supporting area; and the continuous stable supporting area is arranged behind the initial high-strength control area, the top plate pressure tends to be stable during supporting, and the distance V of the continuous stable supporting area is 2.4-8 m according to the top plate stability condition of the initial high-strength control area and the top plate pressure measurement condition.
3. The roof control method for realizing the transition from fully mechanized mining face collapse to filling mining according to claim 2, wherein the roof control method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the pressure-bearing supporting main body of the initial high-strength control area is a continuous constraint narrow filling body supporting system, the continuous constraint narrow filling body supporting system consists of high-concentration filling materials, a reserved hole narrow cuboid filling bag, anchor cables and a tray, and the continuous constraint narrow filling body supporting system is used for carrying out timely follow-up filling operation after fully mechanized mining working faces are pushed, so that the single high-concentration filling length is equal to the length of each cutter of the working faces; placing trays in tray bags at two sides of a reserved hole narrow cuboid filling bag, injecting high-concentration filling materials into the reserved hole narrow cuboid filling bag to form a single high-concentration narrow filling body, additionally penetrating two or more rows of transverse anchor cables at the reserved hole position of the single high-concentration narrow filling body, enabling the anchor cables to penetrate through the trays at two sides at the same time, and then applying pretightening force to carry out primary constraint to form an initial single-constraint high-concentration narrow filling body; with the continuous pushing of the working face, a newly-added single high-concentration narrow filling body is additionally penetrated on the transverse anchor cable, one side of the newly-added single high-concentration narrow filling body abuts against the initial single-constraint high-concentration narrow filling body, and a pre-tightening force is applied to the other side of the newly-added single high-concentration narrow filling body by adding a tray to perform instant constraint; along with the continuous advancing of the working face, newly-increased single high-concentration narrow filling bodies are sequentially worn on the whole transverse anchor cable in a string shape, each newly-increased single high-concentration narrow filling body is pre-tightened and restrained in real time, and two or more single high-concentration narrow filling bodies are constructed into continuous restrained narrow filling bodies; in the whole construction process, the high-strength high-prestress anchor cable and the outer side tray are additionally penetrated in the continuous constraint narrow filling body to strengthen the confining pressure of the narrow filling body, so that the bearing capacity, shearing resistance and deformation resistance of the narrow filling body can be improved under the condition of large deformation of the post-mining space, and the post-mining top plate can be strongly supported.
4. The roof control method for realizing fully-mechanized mining face collapse to filling mining transition according to claim 3, wherein the roof control method is characterized by: the continuous constraint narrow filling body has the advantages that the density degree of the anchor cable and the number of the single high-concentration narrow filling bodies are related to the actual supporting mode, the roof control distance, the mining height and the shearing resistance and the deformation resistance.
5. The roof control method for realizing the transition from fully mechanized mining face collapse to filling mining according to claim 2, wherein the roof control method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the wood column net retaining system of the initial high-strength control area is arranged on the side close to the caving gangue, the wood column net retaining system is formed by combining the wood columns and the flexible metal nets, the flexible metal nets are paved in advance on the top plate of the fully mechanized mining face, namely, the front of the hydraulic support is paved, the length of the flexible metal nets embedded into the caving gangue in the goaf is 1-3 m along with the pushing of the hydraulic support, the length of the hanging net on the side of the goaf is the sum of the mining height and the length of the flexible metal nets embedded into the goaf, the wood column strong supporting top plate is supported on the side of the goaf behind the hydraulic support, the flexible metal nets can be fully exerted through the wood columns as the flexible metal net support, the space after the caving gangue in the goaf is blocked, temporary retaining is realized, and the working space is prepared for the subsequent timely filling.
6. The roof control method for realizing the transition from fully mechanized mining face collapse to filling mining according to claim 2, wherein the roof control method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the roof of the initial high-strength control area is reinforced by adopting an anchor rod cable supporting system, the anchor rod cable supporting system is formed by combining an anchor rod, an anchor rope, a tray and a reinforced ladder beam, the construction is started between a hydraulic support and a solid coal wall, the anchor rod and the anchor rope are constructed and installed in the direction of a parallel working surface, the reinforced ladder beam is used as an anchor rod and anchor rope supporting connector, and then the tray is added and pretightening force is applied; the anchor cable and the anchor rod are respectively anchored on the basic roof and the direct roof, the anchor cable is anchored on the deep part of the roof strata to create an anchoring stability area for anchor rod support, the steel bar ladder beam is connected with a plurality of anchor rods and is tightly attached to the surface layer of the roof by fastening the flexible metal net, so that the prestress field penetrates into the deep part of the roof strata from the shallow part of the roof strata, the roof can be integrally reinforced, the roof can still be ensured to be complete after entering the goaf, and a good roof environment is created for subsequent filling operation.
7. The roof control method for realizing the transition from fully mechanized mining face collapse to filling mining according to claim 2, wherein the roof control method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the roof of the continuous stable supporting area is reinforced by adopting an anchor rod supporting system, the anchor rod supporting system is formed by combining an anchor rod, a tray and a reinforced ladder beam, the construction is started between a hydraulic support and a solid coal wall, the anchor rod is constructed and installed in the direction parallel to a working surface, the reinforced ladder beam is used as an anchor rod supporting connector, and then the tray is added and pretightening force is applied, so that the roof is integrally reinforced; the pressure-bearing support main body of the continuous stable support area is a high-concentration narrow-filler support system, the high-concentration narrow-filler support system is formed by combining high-concentration filling materials and narrow cuboid filling bags, the high-concentration filling materials are injected into the narrow cuboid filling bags and are condensed into a high-concentration narrow-filler to support a post-mining top plate, after the pressure value of the top plate tends to be stable through observation and actual measurement, the continuous stable support area is ended, and normal filling mining is started by adopting conventional concentration filling materials and wide filling bags.
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