CN110144223B - Cadmium-polluted brown soil green eluting agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cadmium-polluted brown soil green eluting agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110144223B CN110144223B CN201910354551.0A CN201910354551A CN110144223B CN 110144223 B CN110144223 B CN 110144223B CN 201910354551 A CN201910354551 A CN 201910354551A CN 110144223 B CN110144223 B CN 110144223B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/02—Extraction using liquids, e.g. washing, leaching, flotation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
Abstract
The invention discloses a cadmium-polluted brown soil green eluting agent and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of heavy metal pollution remediation; the leaching agent is characterized by being prepared from an enteromorpha extract, a spinach extract and anhydrous calcium chloride; the preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, respectively preparing dry powder with the particle size not larger than 0.125mm from water-washed and sun-dried enteromorpha prolifera and spinach; and mixing the enteromorpha dry powder and water according to the proportion of 1: mixing the raw materials in a weight ratio of 30-70, and stirring and reacting at 80-90 ℃ for 2-4 hours to obtain an extracting solution; meanwhile, spinach dry powder and water are mixed according to the proportion of 1: 3-8 weight parts, and stirring and reacting at 70-80 ℃ for 0.5-2 hours to obtain an extracting solution; and finally, mixing the two extracting solutions and anhydrous calcium chloride according to a ratio of 45-49: 45-49: 2-10 weight parts, stirring and reacting at 100-110 ℃ for 1-2 hours, and cooling to obtain an eluent; the raw materials used in the invention are cheap and easy to obtain, the preparation method is simple and convenient, the enteromorpha is turned into wealth, secondary pollution is not caused, and the application prospect is wide.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of heavy metal contaminated soil remediation and treatment, and particularly relates to a cadmium contaminated brown soil green eluent and a preparation method thereof.
Background art:
at present, heavy metal pollution almost threatens all countries around the world due to the aggravation of human activities such as the emission of industrial and mining enterprises, the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and the like. The heavy metal cadmium is one of five toxins, and is concerned about the high toxicity and the high activity. The U.S. geological survey data shows that about 2.9 million tons of cadmium are emitted worldwide per year, with about 2.162 million of cadmium entering the soil. The cadmium pollution situation of the soil in China is very severe, and statistics shows that the cadmium pollution area of the soil in China is as high as 20 hectares. Research shows that the cadmium content of brown soil in China is obviously higher than that of other types of soil except brown soil. Cadmium in soil can not only reduce soil environmental quality, such as: resulting in inactivation of soil enzyme, inhibition of soil respiration, influence of soil ammoniation and nitrification, etc. And are very toxic to plants, such as: inhibit seed germination, destroy physiological and biochemical reactions, influence plant growth, development and reproduction, and even cause the change of community structure and function. More importantly, cadmium can enter human body through food chain to cause diseases such as osteodynia, kidney injury, anemia, hypertension and the like, even induce cancer, and harm human health and life. Therefore, the remediation of the cadmium polluted brown soil is imperative.
The method for restoring cadmium-polluted soil mainly comprises two main categories: one is to convert cadmium from a movable state to an inactive state, so as to reduce the toxicity, the mobility and the bioavailability of the cadmium; the other is to remove cadmium from the soil. Chemical leaching is an important restoration technology capable of effectively removing cadmium in soil, and is concerned about due to simple process and high efficiency. The key to chemical elution remediation is the selection or development of an appropriate eluent. At present, the more mature eluting agents mainly comprise: aminopolycarboxylic acid chelating agents such as EDTA and DTPA, surfactants such as Polafix CAPB, micromolecular organic acids such as malic acid and oxalic acid, and inorganic compounds such as hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and ferric chloride. These eluents have various degrees of disadvantages and limitations in elution remediation applications due to their chemical differences. For example: the artificial chelating agent and the surfactant have high price and poor degradability, are easy to cause secondary pollution, and have certain environmental risk; small organic acids and inorganic compounds can cause changes in soil pH, reduced fertility, structural damage to the soil, and the like. Therefore, the preparation method has the advantages of low price, practicability, high efficiency, environmental protection, simple and convenient preparation process, and research and development of biodegradable activating agents, and is still a bottleneck for restricting the development of chemical leaching repair technology.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a green eluting agent for brown soil polluted by cadmium based on the characteristics of low price, easy obtainment, environmental protection, nutrient supply, soil property improvement and the like of enteromorpha and calcium nitrate.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the cadmium-polluted brown soil green eluting agent.
The invention mainly solves the problems of complex preparation, low biodegradability, low material availability, low price, low activation efficiency and the like of the existing cadmium-polluted brown soil green eluting agent, and opens up a new resource utilization way of enteromorpha tide waste.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the green eluting agent for the cadmium-polluted brown soil is characterized by being prepared by mixing and reacting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-49 parts of enteromorpha extract, 45-49 parts of spinach extract and 2-10 parts of anhydrous calcium chloride; the preparation process of the enteromorpha extract comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing water-washed and sun-dried enteromorpha into dry powder with the particle size of not more than 0.125mm, and then mixing the dry powder of the enteromorpha with water according to the ratio of 1: mixing the materials in a weight ratio of 30-70, and stirring and reacting at 80-90 ℃ for 2-4 hours to obtain an enteromorpha extracting solution; the preparation process of the spinach extracting solution comprises the following steps: firstly, washing sun-dried spinach with water, preparing dry powder with the particle size of not more than 0.125mm, and mixing the dry powder with water according to the weight ratio of 1: 3-8, stirring and reacting for 0.5-2 hours at 70-80 ℃ to obtain the spinach extracting solution.
The invention discloses a preparation method of a cadmium-polluted brown soil green eluent, which is characterized in that an enteromorpha extract, a spinach extract and anhydrous calcium chloride are mixed according to a ratio of 45-49: 45-49: 2-10 weight percent, stirring and reacting for 1-2 hours at 100-110 ℃, and cooling to obtain the eluent.
Compared with the prior art, the green eluting agent for the cadmium-polluted brown soil and the preparation method thereof have outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress, 1, the enteromorpha is common green tide waste along the intertidal zone of sea (especially yellow, Bohai sea and east sea near shore), the calcium nitrate is an agricultural fertilizer suitable for acid soil, and the two are cheap and easily obtained as the raw materials of the eluting agent, so that the enteromorpha is beneficial to changing waste into valuable and recycling; 2. the preparation method and the process are simple and convenient and easy to operate; 3. the obtained green eluting agent has high cost performance, and can efficiently elute cadmium-polluted soil; but also can provide inorganic and organic nutrients for soil from the fertilizer perspective and improve soil quality; in addition, the biodegradable polyester film can be biodegraded, does not cause secondary pollution, and has the characteristics of environmental protection and better application prospect.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following examples and test examples are intended to illustrate the present invention in further detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1, a cadmium-contaminated brown soil green eluent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of enteromorpha extract, 45 parts of spinach extract and 2 parts of anhydrous calcium chloride;
preparing an enteromorpha extract: firstly, washing and drying enteromorpha prolifera, preparing dry powder with the particle size of 0.125mm, and mixing the dry powder of the enteromorpha prolifera with water according to the ratio of 1: mixing the components according to the weight ratio of 30, and stirring and reacting for 4 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain an enteromorpha extracting solution;
preparing spinach extracting solution: firstly, washing and drying spinach by water to prepare dry powder with the particle size of 0.125mm, and then mixing the dry powder with water according to the weight ratio of 1: 3, mixing the components in a weight ratio, and stirring and reacting for 2 hours at 70 ℃ to prepare spinach extracting solution;
mixing Enteromorpha prolifera extract, spinach extract and anhydrous calcium chloride according to a ratio of 45: 45: 2 parts by weight of the components are mixed, stirred and reacted for 2 hours at 100 ℃, and cooled to prepare the green eluting agent of the cadmium polluted brown soil.
Example 2, a cadmium-contaminated brown soil green eluent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 47 parts of enteromorpha extract, 47 parts of spinach extract and 6 parts of anhydrous calcium chloride;
preparing an enteromorpha extract: firstly, preparing water-washed and sun-dried enteromorpha into dry powder with the particle size of 0.106mm, and then mixing the dry powder of the enteromorpha with water according to the ratio of 1: mixing the components in a weight ratio of 50, and stirring and reacting for 3 hours at 85 ℃ to prepare an enteromorpha extracting solution;
preparing spinach extracting solution: firstly, washing and drying spinach in the sun, preparing dry powder with the particle size of 0.106mm, and mixing the dry powder with water according to the ratio of 1: 5, mixing the components in a weight ratio, and stirring and reacting for 1.5 hours at the temperature of 75 ℃ to prepare spinach extracting solution;
mixing Enteromorpha prolifera extract, spinach extract and anhydrous calcium chloride according to the weight ratio of 47: 47: 6 parts by weight of the components are mixed, stirred and reacted for 1.5 hours at 105 ℃, and cooled to prepare the green eluting agent of the cadmium polluted brown soil.
Example 3, a cadmium-contaminated brown soil green eluent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 49 parts of enteromorpha extract, 49 parts of spinach extract and 10 parts of anhydrous calcium chloride;
preparing an enteromorpha extract: firstly, preparing water-washed and sun-dried enteromorpha into dry powder with the particle size of 0.075mm, and then mixing the dry powder of the enteromorpha with water according to the weight ratio of 1: 70, stirring and reacting for 2 hours at 90 ℃ to prepare an enteromorpha extract;
preparing spinach extracting solution: firstly, washing and drying spinach with water to prepare dry powder with the particle size of 0.075mm, and then mixing the dry powder with water according to the weight ratio of 1: mixing at 8 weight ratio, and stirring at 80 deg.C for 0.5 hr to obtain herba Spinaciae extractive solution;
mixing Enteromorpha prolifera extract, spinach extract and anhydrous calcium chloride according to a ratio of 49: 49: 10 parts by weight of the components are mixed, stirred and reacted for 1 hour at the temperature of 110 ℃, and cooled to prepare the green eluting agent of the cadmium polluted brown soil.
Test example 4, the above green eluting agent for cadmium-contaminated brown soil was added to brown soil (total cadmium content: 5.23 mg/kg). The test set-up consisted of 9 treatments, control 1 (water), control 2 (2 parts by weight of anhydrous calcium chloride, 90 parts by weight of a calcium chloride solution prepared with water), control 3 (6 parts by weight of anhydrous calcium chloride, 94 parts by weight of a calcium chloride solution prepared with water), control 4 (10 parts by weight of anhydrous calcium chloride, 98 parts by weight of a calcium chloride solution prepared with water), control 5 (the above enteromorpha extract), and control 6 (the above spinach extract), example 1, example 2, and example 3, each treatment being repeated 3 times. Mixing the cadmium-polluted brown soil and the liquid related to the treatment according to the proportion of 1: stirring and mixing uniformly at a weight ratio of 50, standing for 24 hours, collecting a soil solution, centrifuging, testing the cadmium content in the soil solution by using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (GF-AAS), and calculating the removal rate of Cd in the soil (table 1).
TABLE 1 elution Effect of a cadmium-contaminated brown soil Green elution agent on cadmium in certain brown soil
Analysis table 1 shows that, compared with the control treatment of the experimental example, the cadmium-polluted brown soil green eluting agent of the invention has better eluting effect on cadmium in certain brown soil than the control treatment.
The above-mentioned publications are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the purpose is to further aid understanding of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the disclosure of the examples and the experimental examples, so that the technical solutions according to the present invention are all the changes, improvements, substitutions, and modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention claimed.
Claims (1)
1. The green eluting agent for the cadmium-polluted brown soil is characterized by being prepared by mixing and reacting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-49 parts of enteromorpha extract, 45-49 parts of spinach extract and 2-10 parts of anhydrous calcium chloride; the preparation process of the enteromorpha extract comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing water-washed and sun-dried enteromorpha into dry powder with the particle size of not more than 0.125mm, and then mixing the dry powder of the enteromorpha with water according to the ratio of 1: mixing the materials in a weight ratio of 30-70, and stirring and reacting at 80-90 ℃ for 2-4 hours to obtain an enteromorpha extracting solution; the preparation process of the spinach extracting solution comprises the following steps: firstly, washing sun-dried spinach with water, preparing dry powder with the particle size of not more than 0.125mm, and mixing the dry powder with water according to the weight ratio of 1: 3-8 weight parts of the spinach extract, and stirring and reacting at 70-80 ℃ for 0.5-2 hours to obtain the spinach extract;
and mixing the enteromorpha extract, the spinach extract and anhydrous calcium chloride according to a ratio of 45-49: 45-49: 2-10 weight percent, stirring and reacting for 1-2 hours at 100-110 ℃, and cooling to obtain the eluent.
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Denomination of invention: The invention relates to a green leaching agent for cadmium polluted cinnamon soil and a preparation method thereof Effective date of registration: 20211216 Granted publication date: 20210420 Pledgee: Yantai financing guarantee Group Co.,Ltd. Pledgor: LUDONG University Registration number: Y2021980015152 |
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Date of cancellation: 20220317 Granted publication date: 20210420 Pledgee: Yantai financing guarantee Group Co.,Ltd. Pledgor: LUDONG University Registration number: Y2021980015152 |
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