CN110135717B - Urban catchment area control unit division method based on water-green coupling - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for dividing urban catchment area control units based on water-green coupling. Firstly, carrying out secondary subdivision on a city catchment area on the basis of a city block; secondly, coding the secondarily subdivided control units, generalizing the underlying surface composition of the control units of each catchment area, counting the composition factors of the underlying surfaces, and calculating the area ratio of the underlying surfaces; and finally, on the basis of the underlying surface statistical calculation, basic index parameters such as the area of each catchment area control unit, the water collection-use water amount, the total rainwater amount, the greenbelt area, the underlying surface comprehensive runoff coefficient and the like are respectively calculated by combining the basic data such as local rainfall, runoff formula and the like, a block scale catchment area control unit basic database is established, and the division of the urban catchment area control units is completed on the basis. The method makes the sponge city project planning more scientific and provides a foundation for 'water green coupling' sponge city planning design and practice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of sponge city planning and construction, and particularly relates to a city catchment area control unit division method based on water-green coupling.
Background
The sponge city planning of 'water green coupling' advocates 'natural utilization' of rainwater more prominently on the premise of meeting basic sponge functions of 'natural penetration, natural accumulation, natural purification' and the like, so that the rainwater collected by the city sponge system can meet the irrigation requirements of the green land of the city, and the dynamic balance between 'water collection-water' of the city sponge system is achieved.
The division of the city management and control units in the existing city planning field mainly aims at the aspects of development control, city operation and the like of city planning, and on the basis of detailed city controllability planning, unit level structure division is carried out on urban land from the aspects of land property, land parcel development strength, service setting arrangement and the like, so that the goals of city planning and construction management and control are achieved. In the special urban drainage project, the urban drainage management and control units are mostly divided according to urban natural catchment areas and urban pipe networks, the main aim is to realize the quick removal of surface runoff of each partition unit, prevent urban waterlogging and do not consider the problems of rainwater greening irrigation, on-site utilization and the like. With the proposition and development of the sponge city planning concept of 'natural penetration, natural accumulation and natural purification', how to realize effective control on the sponge city planning target in the street scale becomes an important problem to be solved in the special planning implementation and construction management of the sponge city, and how to divide the control unit is the basis of the quantization calculation of the sponge system on the land level and the low-influence development facility planning layout. There is no clear method for dividing the block scale control unit in the existing city planning, drainage planning and sponge city project planning.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for dividing urban catchment area control units based on water-green coupling, which can provide technical support for sponge urban planning and low-influence development facility design.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a method for dividing urban catchment area control units based on water-green coupling, which comprises the following steps:
(1) According to urban terrain and natural water flow direction, extracting an urban catchment potential area through division of watersheds and catchment lines, dividing the urban catchment potential area into units according to an overlapped urban block on the basis of the urban catchment potential area by using an urban control rule map, and carrying out secondary subdivision on the catchment potential area;
(2) Coding the subdivided catchment potential areas taking the blocks as units according to different urban land properties to obtain basic indexes of control units of different catchment potential areas;
(3) According to the convergence characteristics of the underlying surface of each control unit, the composition of the underlying surface is counted, and an underlying surface composition diagram of each control unit is drawn;
(4) Counting the area of each underlying surface of the catchment area control unit, and calculating the proportion of the area of each underlying surface to the total area of the control unit;
(5) Counting basic indexes of the management and control units of each catchment area, wherein the basic indexes comprise water receiving and water using amount of the management and control units, comprehensive rainfall amount of the management and control units, green land area of the management and control units and comprehensive runoff coefficients of the management and control units;
(6) And establishing a basic database of the control unit of the street scale catchment area based on the underlying graphic data and the basic index data of each control unit.
In the step (1), a digital elevation model of an area where the project is located is established, natural terrain water distribution lines and catchment lines of the area where the project is located are identified, flow direction analysis and basin division are performed according to the maximum distance weight drop, and finally a complete city catchment potential division area vector diagram is extracted; and then acquiring the basic data of the complete city block unit, and then overlapping the partition vector diagram of the city catchment potential area and the basic data of the block unit to finish secondary subdivision of the catchment potential area.
In the step (2), the field attribute of the catchment area control unit is added to the superposed catchment area vector diagram with the city block unit attribute, and the catchment area control units of different blocks are coded in sequence according to the current situation or the land attribute for planning the plot.
In the step (3), the step of counting the pad surface constitution of each catchment area control unit comprises:
(3.1) according to the urban catchment potential area partition vector diagram, on the basis of a secondary subdivided catchment area control unit, classifying according to the current situation or planning underlying surface, and respectively extracting and drawing five types of the underlying surface of the road, the building, the green land, other impervious underlying surfaces and other pervious underlying surfaces;
and (3.2) storing each catchment area management and control unit in a surface element form, wherein each catchment area management and control unit is provided with the five different underlying surface types, and five underlying surface type fields are added in the attributes.
In the step (4), a single block catchment potential area control unit is taken as a unit, the area of each underlying surface in the single control unit is respectively calculated, the area ratio of each underlying surface area to the whole block catchment area control unit is counted, and the composition of underlying surface factors is analyzed; the formula adopted is as follows:
wherein K is the area of the control unit of the catchment area of the street, K i The water-permeable floor mat is the floor area of the i-th type floor mat, and i is five types of floor mats of roads, buildings, greenbelts, other water-impermeable floor mats and other water-permeable floor mats.
In the step (5), the step of counting the basic indexes of the management and control units of each catchment area includes:
(5.1) on the basis of counting the floor area of each underlying surface, calculating the comprehensive runoff coefficient of each water catchment area control unit in a weighting mode, adding the field attribute of the comprehensive runoff coefficient in the attribute table of the control unit, and filling corresponding numerical values;
(5.2) independently calculating the green space area in each catchment area control unit, adding a 'green space area' field in a control unit attribute table and filling a corresponding numerical value;
(5.3) respectively calculating the runoff and annual, monthly and daily runoff data of different rainfall recurrence periods of the management and control units of each catchment area by combining the basic rainfall data of the area where the project is located, adding annual runoff, monthly runoff and daily runoff fields in the attribute table of the management and control units, and filling corresponding numerical values;
and (5.4) calculating the water consumption of the green land of each catchment area control unit on the basis of the statistics of the area of the green land, determining the water consumption of the green land, adding a field of 'water consumption of the green land' in the attribute table and filling a corresponding numerical value.
In the step (6), the step of establishing the base database of the street scale catchment area management and control unit comprises the following steps:
(6.1) respectively increasing hydrological basic attribute characteristic values of annual average rainfall capacity and annual average runoff in each catchment area management and control unit attribute table;
and (6.2) establishing a geographic space database of each catchment area control unit, establishing basic data element types of element sets, element classes, grid directories, grid data sets and attribute data of the catchment area control units by taking the area where the project is located as a unit, and completing the division of the control units and the establishment of the database.
Has the advantages that: the division method aims at the water-green coupled sponge city planning, the catchment area control units are divided and coded by taking a block as a scale, the underlying surface composition of each catchment area control unit is generalized, underlying surface composition factors of each catchment area control unit are analyzed, water-green coupled catchment area control basic indexes are constructed, and a block scale catchment area control unit basic database is created. The method improves the division of the control unit in the existing city planning, makes the special sponge city planning design more scientific and concrete for implementation, provides a data base for 'water-green coupled' sponge city planning, design and practice, and improves the engineering efficiency.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment discloses a method for dividing urban catchment area management and control units based on water-green coupling, which includes the following steps:
(1) Establishing a digital elevation model according to the contour lines and elevation points of urban terrains, identifying natural water distribution lines and catchment lines of terrains of areas where projects are located, carrying out flow direction analysis and basin division according to the maximum distance weight fall, extracting urban catchment potential areas, and carrying out secondary subdivision on the catchment potential areas by taking the blocks as units;
when the method is implemented for a specific project, contour or elevation point vector graphic data of an area where the complete project is located are obtained through a mapping department, and the data format is SHP file or dwg; the method comprises the following steps of utilizing a geographic information system software Arcmap to create an irregular triangulation network model through 3 DANalytTools, utilizing a Convert-TIN to register command in a 3DANalyst tool box of an Arcmap geographic information system platform to Convert the created irregular triangulation network model into regular grid data in a mode of inserting grid pixel values in input TIN elevation values at specified sampling distances, and specifying related parameter sampling distances: [ CELLSIZE 1].
Then, acquiring basic data of a complete block unit of the area where the project is located through a mapping department or a project entrusting unit, wherein the basic data is in an Arcmap SHP file or dwg file format; extracting each block unit as a surface element in Arcmap software, editing an attribute table to encode each block unit and marking basic attributes such as name, area and the like;
and finally, superposing the catchment area partition vector diagram and the block unit basic data by applying a 'joint' command in the Arcmap software to obtain a new city block unit shpfile with different catchment area attributes.
(2) Adding the field attribute of the catchment area management and control unit to the superimposed vector diagram with the city block unit, and coding the catchment area management and control units of different blocks in sequence according to the current situation or the land attribute for planning the plot; obtaining basic indexes such as coding names, areas and the like of the control units of different catchment potential areas;
specifically, the acquired urban block unit shpfile with different catchment zone attributes is arranged in the Arcmap software, fields are added through an attribute table, fields named as catchment potential zone control units are added, catchment potential zones with block attributes are defined as catchment zone control units, a current situation or area map where planning projects are located is acquired through planning departments or project entrustment units, and the catchment zone control units of all blocks are sequentially coded by referring to the attributes of different places.
(3) According to the convergence characteristics of the underlying surface of each control unit, generalizing the underlying surface composition by referring to the underlying surface classification of 'design specifications for outdoor drainage', and drawing the underlying surface composition diagram of each control unit; the method comprises the following steps:
(3.1) according to a topographic map of a catchment potential area of an area city where a project is located, provided by a planning department or an engineering consignment unit, on the basis of a secondary subdivision catchment area control unit, according to the current situation or planning underlying surfaces, referring to 'outdoor drainage design specifications' and by using 'Features' commands in an Arcmap software 'Data management tools' toolbox, extracting and drawing five types of underlying surfaces of roads, buildings, greenbelts, other impervious underlying surfaces and other pervious underlying surfaces respectively, and counting the area of each underlying surface respectively by using an Arcmap attribute table;
and (3.2) respectively storing each catchment area control unit in an Arcmap in a surface element form, wherein each catchment area control unit is provided with the five different underlying surface types, and an underlying surface type field is added in the attribute table to count respective numerical values.
(4) Analyzing the underlying surface composition factors of the control units of each catchment area, and calculating the proportion of the area of each underlying surface to the total area of the control units;
respectively calculating the area of each underlying surface in a single control unit and counting the area ratio of each underlying surface to the control unit area of the whole block catchment area by taking a single block catchment potential area control unit as a unit so as to analyze the composition of underlying surface factors; the formula adopted is as follows:
wherein K is the area of the control unit of the catchment area of the street, K i The water-permeable floor mat is the floor area of the i-th type floor mat, and i is five types of floor mats of roads, buildings, greenbelts, other water-impermeable floor mats and other water-permeable floor mats.
(5) Calculating basic indexes such as water receiving-water using amount, unit comprehensive rainfall amount, green land area, runoff coefficient and the like of each catchment area management and control unit; the method comprises the following steps:
(5.1) on the basis of counting the floor area of each underlying surface, counting the comprehensive runoff coefficient of a single control unit by referring to runoff coefficients of different underlying surfaces in outdoor drainage design specifications, calculating the comprehensive runoff coefficient of each catchment area control unit in a weighting mode, and adding a comprehensive runoff coefficient field in an attribute table by using Arcmap software;
(5.2) independently calculating the green land area of each catchment area control unit, adding a 'green land area' field in a control unit attribute table by using Arcmap software, and filling corresponding numerical values;
(5.3) respectively calculating the runoff and the annual, monthly and daily runoff data of different rainfall recurrence periods of the management and control unit of each catchment area by combining the basic rainfall data of the area where the project is located, respectively adding fields of annual, monthly and daily runoff in an attribute table of the management and control unit by using Arcmap software, and filling corresponding numerical values;
and (5.4) calculating the water consumption of each catchment area control unit on the basis of green area statistics, determining the water consumption of the green area by referring to 'outdoor water supply design specifications' and empirical values, adding a 'green area water consumption' field in an attribute table by using Arcmap software, and filling corresponding values.
(6) Establishing a basic database of a street scale catchment area control unit; the method comprises the following steps:
(6.1) increasing basic attribute characteristic values of water temperature such as annual average rainfall, annual average runoff and the like in the attribute table of each catchment area management and control unit by using Arcmap, and determining the rainfall and the annual average runoff by inquiring meteorological basic data and a volume formula;
and (6.2) creating a geospatial database (Geodatabase) of each catchment area control unit by applying Arcmap, and establishing basic data element types of element sets, element classes, grid directories, grid data sets and attribute data of the catchment area control units by taking the area where the project is located as a unit.
Finally, division of urban catchment area control units based on water-green coupling and establishment of a geospatial database are completed, and the division of the control units and the database can be directly assisted in layout, implementation, later-stage management and quantitative monitoring of performance of sponge in areas of low influence development facilities in sponge urban planning design.
Claims (7)
1. A method for dividing urban catchment area management and control units based on water-green coupling is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) According to urban terrain and natural water flow direction, extracting an urban catchment potential area through division of watersheds and catchment lines, dividing the urban catchment potential area into units according to the superposed urban blocks on the basis of an urban control rule map on the basis of the urban catchment potential area, and performing secondary subdivision on the urban catchment potential area;
(2) Coding the subdivided urban catchment potential areas taking the blocks as units according to different urban land properties, defining the urban catchment potential areas as catchment area control units, and acquiring basic indexes of the different catchment area control units;
(3) According to the confluence characteristics of the underlying surface of each catchment area control unit, counting the composition of the underlying surface, and drawing a composition diagram of the underlying surface of each catchment area control unit;
(4) Counting the area of each underlying surface of the catchment area control unit, and calculating the proportion of the area of each underlying surface to the total area of the catchment area control unit;
(5) Counting basic indexes of the management and control units of each catchment area, wherein the basic indexes comprise water collection and water consumption of the management and control units, comprehensive rainfall of the management and control units, green land areas of the management and control units and comprehensive runoff coefficients of the management and control units;
(6) And establishing a basic database of the street scale catchment area control unit based on underlying graphic data and basic index data of each catchment area control unit.
2. The method for dividing the urban catchment area control unit based on water-green coupling according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), by establishing a digital elevation model of an area where a project is located, a terrain natural diversion line and a catchment line of the area where the project is located are identified, flow direction analysis and basin division are performed according to the maximum distance weight fall, and finally a complete urban catchment potential division area vector diagram is extracted; and then acquiring basic data of a complete city block unit, and then superposing the partitioning vector diagram of the city catchment potential area and the basic data of the city block unit to finish secondary subdivision of the city catchment potential area.
3. The method for dividing city catchment area management and control units based on water-green coupling according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), catchment area management and control unit field attributes are added to the superposed catchment area vector diagram with city block unit attributes, and different block catchment area management and control units are sequentially encoded according to the current situation or planned block with the site attributes.
4. The method for dividing urban catchment area control units based on water-green coupling according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the step of counting the underlying surface composition of each catchment area control unit comprises:
(3.1) respectively extracting and drawing five types of underlay surfaces of roads, buildings, greenbelts, other impervious underlay surfaces and other pervious underlay surfaces according to the vector diagram of the urban catchment potential area partition and on the basis of a secondary subdivided catchment area control unit and the current situation or the planned underlay surface type;
and (3.2) storing each catchment area management and control unit in a surface element form, wherein each catchment area management and control unit is provided with the five different underlying surface types, and five underlying surface type fields are added in the attributes.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), a single street catchment area management and control unit is used as a unit, the area of each underlying surface in the single catchment area management and control unit is calculated, the area ratio of each underlying surface area in the whole street catchment area management and control unit is counted, and the factor composition of the underlying surface is analyzed; the formula adopted is as follows:
wherein K is the area of the control unit of the catchment area of the street, K i The water-permeable floor mat is the floor area of the i-th type floor mat, and i is five types of floor mats of roads, buildings, greenbelts, other water-impermeable floor mats and other water-permeable floor mats.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (5), the step of counting the basic indexes of each catchment area management and control unit includes:
(5.1) on the basis of counting the floor area of each underlying surface, calculating the comprehensive runoff coefficient of each water catchment area control unit in a weighting mode, adding field attributes of the comprehensive runoff coefficient in a control unit attribute table, and filling corresponding values;
(5.2) independently calculating the green space area in each catchment area control unit, adding a 'green space area' field in a control unit attribute table and filling a corresponding numerical value;
(5.3) respectively calculating the runoff and annual, monthly and daily runoff data of different rainfall recurrence periods of the control unit of each catchment area by combining basic rainfall data of the area where the project is located, adding annual runoff, monthly runoff and daily runoff fields in the attribute table of the control unit, and filling corresponding numerical values;
and (5.4) calculating the water consumption of the green land of each catchment area control unit on the basis of the statistics of the area of the green land, determining the water consumption of the green land, adding a field of 'water consumption of the green land' in the attribute table and filling a corresponding numerical value.
7. The method for dividing city catchment area management and control units based on water-green coupling as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step (6), the step of establishing a neighborhood scale catchment area management and control unit basic database comprises:
(6.1) respectively increasing hydrological basic attribute characteristic values of annual average rainfall capacity and annual average runoff in each catchment area management and control unit attribute table;
and (6.2) establishing a geographic space database of each catchment area control unit, establishing basic data element types of element sets, element classes, grid directories, grid data sets and attribute data of the catchment area control units by taking the area where the project is located as a unit, and completing the division of the control units and the establishment of the database.
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