CN107480812B - Method for predicting initial rainwater pollution load of urban small watershed - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for predicting initial rainwater pollution load of an urban small watershed, belonging to the technical field of sewage treatment and comprising the following steps: dividing a small watershed river network and a catchment area; setting monitoring sections along nodes of the main river channel and the upstream and downstream sub catchment areas; monitoring the water quality and water quantity of the section in dry seasons; monitoring the average water quality and quantity within t time period of the initial stage of rainfall at the monitoring section, and calculating the initial rainwater pollution load and pollutant concentration of each catchment area; dividing land utilization types, and performing land interpretation on the catchment area remote sensing graph to obtain area ratios of different regions and categories of each catchment area; establishing an evaluation model of the concentration of the initial rain pollutants, the region type and the rainfall intensity, and obtaining a pollution coefficient and a rain washing coefficient through fitting; and predicting the pollution trend change of the small urban watershed area. The method can be used for rapidly and accurately counting the initial rainwater pollution load condition of the urban small watershed and effectively predicting the pollution load change of the watershed after the land property is changed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a method for predicting initial rainwater pollution load of an urban small watershed.
Background
With the high importance of China on water environment treatment, point source pollution control is continuously improved, non-point source pollution is gradually and widely regarded, and the treatment of initial rainwater pollution in small urban watersheds is an important part. At present, model estimation and field monitoring methods are mainly used for evaluating the initial pollution load of the urban small watershed.
The model estimation is based on surface source pollution models such as HSPA, SWAT and WASP, and is applied to the calculation of initial rainwater pollution load through model construction and parameter calibration. However, this method needs a lot of basic data of the mobile phone to calibrate and calibrate the model parameters, data such as population, industrial structure information, industrial enterprise conditions, soil types, and weather need to be collected from different departments, and water quality data along the river discharge need to be continuously monitored and obtained, so that the acquisition of the basic data needs to consume a lot of manpower and time.
The on-site monitoring method is that the initial rainwater pollution characteristics of different areas are divided into a plurality of types of underlying surfaces, typical point locations with a certain proportion are selected from each type of underlying surface for monitoring, and the initial rainwater pollution load in the whole urban area range is calculated according to the monitoring results of the typical point locations. However, this method is limited by the location selection of the monitoring points and the monitoring data volume, and the result is difficult to represent the authenticity of the watershed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an assessment method for initial rainwater pollution load of a small watershed of an urban area, so as to improve the accuracy of the initial pollution load assessment of the small watershed.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the method for evaluating the initial rainwater pollution load of the urban small watershed comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing the small river basin into a river network and a catchment area, and setting a monitoring section at the section of the intersection point of the main river channel and the catchment area;
s2, monitoring the water quality and water quantity in the early stage of dry season and rainfall on the monitoring section to obtain the initial rainwater pollution load;
s3, calculating according to the water quality and the water quantity of the monitoring section in dry seasons and the water quality and the water quantity of the monitoring section in early rainfall to obtain the non-point source pollution load of each catchment area and the average water quality concentration in the rainfall period;
s4, dividing the city region types to obtain catchment area region types;
s5, establishing an evaluation model according to the relation among the non-point source pollution load, the average water quality concentration in the rainfall period and the region type of the catchment area of each catchment area;
s6, fitting the coefficients in the evaluation model by using the data of the non-point source pollution load, the average water quality concentration in the rainfall period, the region type of the catchment area and the like of each catchment area to obtain fitting coefficients;
and S7, evaluating the initial rainwater pollution load of each subregion of the drainage basin by using the evaluation model for determining the fitting coefficient, and predicting the rainwater pollution load after the region type of the drainage basin is changed.
Wherein, step S1 specifically includes:
and (4) carrying out depression filling, flow direction analysis, accumulated flow calculation, river network extraction and basin area analysis on the DEM by utilizing ArcGIS to generate a small river network and a catchment area.
Wherein, step S4 specifically includes:
and classifying the region types of the remote sensing images of the catchment areas, and counting the region types and areas of the catchment areas.
Wherein, the evaluation model specifically comprises:
C＝∑(γiFj+λi)Si，
wherein C is the result of pollution load evaluation, gammaiFor the ith territory category, the rainfall intensity is FjCoefficient of temporal washout, λiPollution coefficient for the i-th territory class, SiIs the area fraction of the i-th territory class.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects: according to the invention, the river channel is used as a terminal for the initial rainwater to flow in, and the water quality and the water quantity of the river channel section are monitored, so that the non-point source pollution load condition in the flow field can be quickly and accurately reflected. By establishing evaluation models among different urban region types, rainfall intensity and initial rainwater pollution loads, fitting the evaluation models by combining actual detection data, determining pollution coefficients and scouring coefficients of different region types in the evaluation models, and predicting the pollution load of a small watershed by using the evaluation models, the initial rainwater pollution load condition of the city after the watershed land property changes can be rapidly and effectively predicted.
Drawings
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for predicting initial rainwater pollution load in a small urban watershed according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the river channel section monitoring point location in the invention.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the features of the present invention, refer to the following detailed description of the invention and the accompanying drawings. The drawings are for reference and illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the small watershed means that the total water catchment area is less than or equal to 150km2The urban area refers to an area covered by a municipal rainwater pipe network, such as urban roof runoff, road surface runoff, an urban green land and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses a method for predicting initial rainwater pollution load in a small urban watershed, including the following steps S1 to S7:
s1, dividing the small river basin into a river network and a catchment area, and setting a monitoring section at the section of the intersection point of the main river channel and the catchment area;
specifically, the small watershed is divided into a river network and a catchment area, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and (4) carrying out depression filling, flow direction analysis, accumulated flow calculation, river network extraction and basin area analysis on the DEM by utilizing ArcGIS to generate a small river network and a catchment area.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the small watershed is divided into 6 sub-catchment areas, and 6 monitoring sections are respectively arranged at the junctions between the river and the 6 sub-catchment areas.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the GIS, the evaluation model and the actual measurement are combined, so that the problems of model applicability and calibration in the model simulation process are solved, and the problem of representativeness of the monitoring point in the field monitoring method is also solved.
S2, monitoring the water quality and water quantity in the early stage of dry season and rainfall on the monitoring section to obtain the initial rainwater pollution load;
specifically, in practical application, the water quality and the water quantity of each section are monitored in dry seasons, the monitoring frequency is once every 2 hours, and the monitoring period is 24 hours.
And (2) monitoring the water quality and water quantity of each section at the early stage of rainfall, starting to monitor at the initial moment of rainfall, wherein the monitoring frequency is every 5min within 1h of the initial moment, and every 20min after 1h, and monitoring th (when the rainfall intensity is less than 25mm/d, t is 10h, when the rainfall intensity is 25-50mm/d, t is 5h, and when the rainfall intensity is more than 50mm/d, t is 2 h).
S3, calculating according to the water quality and the water quantity of the monitoring section in dry seasons and the water quality and the water quantity of the monitoring section in early rainfall to obtain the non-point source pollution load of each catchment area and the average water quality concentration in the rainfall period;
specifically, in this embodiment, the area source pollution load and the average water quality concentration during rainfall in each catchment area are calculated according to the monitoring result of step S2.
S4, dividing the city region types to obtain catchment area region types;
specifically, the steps are as follows: and classifying the region types of the remote sensing images of the catchment areas, and counting the region types and areas of the catchment areas.
S5, establishing an evaluation model according to the relation among the non-point source pollution load, the average water quality concentration in the rainfall period and the region type of the catchment area of each catchment area;
specifically, the evaluation model is specifically: c ═ Σ (γ)iFj+λi)SiWherein C is the result of pollution load evaluation, γiFor the ith territory category, the rainfall intensity is FjCoefficient of temporal washout, λiPollution coefficient for the i-th territory class, SiIs the area fraction of the i-th territory class.
S6, fitting the coefficients in the evaluation model by using the data of the non-point source pollution load, the average water quality concentration in the rainfall period, the region type of the catchment area and the like of each catchment area to obtain fitting coefficients;
specifically, the actual monitoring data is used for fitting the pollution coefficient and the washout coefficient in the evaluation model, and the values of the pollution coefficient and the washout coefficient of different region types are determined.
And S7, evaluating the initial rainwater pollution load of each subregion of the drainage basin by using the evaluation model for determining the fitting coefficient, and predicting the rainwater pollution load after the region type of the drainage basin is changed.
In the embodiment, the evaluation model of the drainage basin rainwater pollution load is obtained by processing the data of actual monitoring of different regional categories, so that the drainage basin rainwater pollution load is predicted after the drainage basin land property is changed.
Specifically, a river basin in a certain selected city is taken as an application area, and the area of the river basin is 106km2The method for predicting the initial rainwater pollution load in the small urban watershed in the embodiment is explained as follows:
1) monitoring the dry season flow and the water quality of each section through monitoring points arranged on the sections of the river channel:
setting the monitoring flow of the section n in each dry season as qn1、qn2…qn12And the water quality concentration is recorded as c every time of monitoringn1、cn2…cn12：
The average dry season flow at the section n is:
average dry season water concentration:
wherein: q. q.sniMonitoring the flow for the section nth (i) th dry season (c)niAnd monitoring the water quality concentration for the ith dry season of the section n.
The average flow and the average water quality of each section of the river in dry seasons are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
2) Monitoring the flow and water quality of each section in rainy season through a monitoring point position arranged on the section of the river channel:
by calculating average flow and average water quality (rainfall intensity is 10mm/d) within 10h at the early stage of rainfall, the flow monitored each time when section n is rainfall is recorded as Qn1、Qn2…QnmThe water quality concentration is recorded as C every time of monitoringn1、Cn2…Cnm：
Average rainfall time flow at section n:
average water quality concentration at rainfall:
wherein: qniFlow rate monitoring for the ith time when section n rainsniThe water quality concentration is monitored for the ith time when the section n falls into rain.
The average flow and the average water quality of each section of the river channel at the early stage of rainfall are shown in a table 2:
TABLE 2
3) Calculating the initial rain pollution load and the initial rain average pollutant concentration when the rainfall intensity is 10mm/d of each catchment area according to the average flow and the average water quality of each section of the dry river channel and the average flow and the average water quality of each section of the river channel at the early stage of rainfall monitored in the steps 1) and 2), wherein the initial rain pollution load and the initial rain average pollutant concentration when the rainfall intensity is 10mm/d of each catchment area are shown in a table 3:
TABLE 3
4) Repeating the steps 1), 2) and 3) to obtain the average water quality concentration of each catchment area at different rainfall intensities, and referring to a table 4:
TABLE 4
5) Carrying out supervision and classification on 5 region types on the catchment area remote sensing graph to obtain 5 region type area ratios of each catchment area, and setting the obtained 5 middle region type area ratios of the n catchment areas as Sn1、Sn2、Sn3、Sn4、Sn5The different regional categories of each catchment area are shown in table 5:
TABLE 5
6) Based on the land utilization ratio of each catchment area and the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the initial rainwater, the method comprises the following steps of:
C*＝(-0.42*F+0.3)*S1+(0.16*F+9.8)*S2+(0.154*F+12.1)*S3
+(0.04*F+0.1)*S4+(0.183*F+0.6)*S5
wherein, the correlation coefficient R is 0.988.
From this, it can be determined that the pollution coefficient and the washout coefficient of each region class are 0.3 and-0.42 of hardened pavement, 9.8 and 0.16 of residential district, 12.1 and 0.154 of industrial park, 0.1 and 0.04 of urban green land, and 0.6 and 0.183 of bare land, respectively.
7) Combining the land planning of the region, a part of urban green land in the catchment area 6 is built into residential districts, and the land type ratio of each district is changed into hardened pavement 0.04, residential district 0.26, industrial land 0, urban green land 0.55 and bare land 0.15.
The initial rainwater pollution concentration of the catchment area 6 under different rainfall intensities after the land utilization property is changed is predicted by the fitting model in the step 6) and is shown in a table 6:
TABLE 6
| Rainfall intensity (mm/d) | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 |
| Average ammonia nitrogen concentration in the first rain (mg/l) | 3.4 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 4.6 |
The method provided by the embodiment can be used for rapidly and accurately counting the initial rainwater pollution load condition of the urban small watershed, effectively predicting the pollution load change of the watershed after the land property is changed, shortening the pollution investigation period in the small watershed treatment process and providing a scientific basis for the specification of water environment treatment measures.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (3)
1. A method for predicting initial rainwater pollution load of a small urban watershed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, dividing the small river basin into a river network and a catchment area, and setting a monitoring section at the section of the intersection point of the main river channel and the catchment area;
s2, monitoring the water quality and water quantity in the early stage of dry season and rainfall on the monitoring section to obtain the initial rainwater pollution load;
s3, calculating according to the water quality and the water quantity of the monitoring section in the dry season and the water quality and the water quantity of the monitoring section in the early rainfall to obtain the initial rainwater pollution load and the average water quality concentration in the rainfall period of each catchment area;
s4, dividing the city region types to obtain catchment area region types;
s5, establishing an evaluation model according to the relation among the non-point source pollution load, the average water quality concentration in the rainfall period and the region type of the catchment area, wherein the evaluation model specifically comprises the following steps:
C＝∑(γiFj+λi)Si，
wherein C is the result of pollution load evaluation, gammaiFor the ith territory category, the rainfall intensity is FjCoefficient of temporal washout, λiPollution coefficient for the i-th territory class, SiArea ratio for the ith territorial category;
s6, fitting the coefficients in the evaluation model by using the non-point source pollution load, the average water quality concentration in the rainfall period and the region type data of the catchment areas to obtain fitting coefficients;
and S7, evaluating the initial rainwater pollution load of each catchment area of the small watershed by utilizing the evaluation model for determining the fitting coefficient, and predicting the rainwater pollution load after the regional type of the small watershed is changed.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dividing of the small watershed into a river network and a catchment area in step S1 specifically includes:
and (4) carrying out depression filling, flow direction analysis, accumulated flow calculation, river network extraction and basin area analysis on the DEM by utilizing ArcGIS to generate a small river network and a catchment area.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 specifically includes:
and classifying the regions and categories of the remote sensing images of the catchment areas, and counting the region and category areas of the catchment areas.
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| CN111552763B (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2022-08-26 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Urban non-point source pollution load monitoring method |
| CN112116229A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-22 | 深圳市广汇源环境水务有限公司 | Drainage basin water quality scheduling management method, system and platform |
| CN114580703A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-06-03 | 北控水务(中国)投资有限公司 | Water quantity prediction method and device based on land remote sensing identification time-space change analysis |
| CN114611756B (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2024-09-13 | 长江生态环保集团有限公司 | Urban combined drainage system water quantity load prediction method based on remote sensing technology |
| CN115064226A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-09-16 | 上海市城市建设设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | Simplified method for estimating heavy metal pollution load of urban road storm runoff |
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Address after: 230088 No. 91 science Avenue, hi tech Zone, Anhui, Hefei Patentee after: Cecep Guozhen Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 230088 No. 91 science Avenue, hi tech Zone, Anhui, Hefei Patentee before: Anhui Guozhen environmental protection and energy saving Technology Co.,Ltd. |