CN110133865B - Imaging direction selecting apparatus and method thereof - Google Patents
Imaging direction selecting apparatus and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110133865B CN110133865B CN201910314726.5A CN201910314726A CN110133865B CN 110133865 B CN110133865 B CN 110133865B CN 201910314726 A CN201910314726 A CN 201910314726A CN 110133865 B CN110133865 B CN 110133865B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/0808—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more diffracting elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/286—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising for controlling or changing the state of polarisation, e.g. transforming one polarisation state into another
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
- G02B27/4205—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive optical element [DOE] contributing to image formation, e.g. whereby modulation transfer function MTF or optical aberrations are relevant
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
- G02B27/4261—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive element with major polarization dependent properties
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of optical imaging, and discloses imaging direction selection equipment and a method thereof, which realize the selection of an imaging area and the improvement of the overall performance in a new light beam deflection mode. The imaging direction selecting apparatus of the present invention comprises: the light beam filtering device, the rotating device and the at least one stage of polarization grating are arranged in front of the image sensor; each polarization grating realizes light beam diffraction and deflection by controlling the periodic arrangement of material molecules, and an emergent light beam deflection angle is vector superposition of a light beam incident angle and a polarization grating diffraction angle; the rotating device is used for driving the corresponding single or at least two polarization gratings to rotate so as to drive the diffraction angles of the polarization gratings to rotate, so that the light beams reaching the image sensor are switched with the corresponding polarization gratings to generate an external object-image area; the light beam filtering device is used for filtering incident light of an external non-target object image area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical imaging, in particular to imaging direction selection equipment and a method thereof.
Background
In recent years, attention has been paid to a light beam control technique. Especially, the light field regulation and control technology based on the novel optical device is most popular in research. However, according to the existing camera technology, the devices capable of realizing ultra-high definition and large view field are usually very expensive and have many disadvantages.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to disclose an imaging direction selection device and a method thereof, which realize the selection of an imaging area and the improvement of the overall performance in a novel light beam deflection mode.
To achieve the above object, the present invention discloses an imaging direction selecting apparatus, comprising:
the light beam filtering device, the rotating device and the at least one stage of polarization grating are arranged in front of the image sensor;
each polarization grating realizes light beam diffraction and deflection by controlling the periodic arrangement of material molecules, and an emergent light beam deflection angle is vector superposition of a light beam incident angle and a polarization grating diffraction angle;
the rotating device is used for driving the corresponding single or at least two polarization gratings to rotate so as to drive the diffraction angles of the polarization gratings to rotate, so that the light beams reaching the image sensor are switched with the corresponding polarization gratings to generate an external object-image area;
the light beam filtering device is used for filtering incident light of an external non-target object image area.
To achieve the above object, the present invention further discloses an imaging direction selecting method, including:
a light beam filtering device, a rotating device and at least one stage of polarization grating are arranged in front of the image sensor; each polarization grating realizes light beam diffraction and deflection by controlling the periodic arrangement of material molecules, and the emergent light beam deflection angle is the vector superposition of a light beam incident angle and a polarization grating diffraction angle;
the rotating device drives the corresponding single or at least two polarization gratings to rotate, so as to drive the diffraction angle of the polarization gratings to rotate, and the light beam reaching the image sensor is switched with the corresponding polarization gratings to generate an external object image area; meanwhile, the incident light of the external non-target object image area is filtered by the light beam filtering device.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
under the cooperation of the light beam filtering device, the rotation of the polarization grating synchronously drives the switching of the external imaging area, and the multi-stage arrangement of the polarization grating can be used for increasing the deflection degree of the light beam, thereby increasing the field angle. Simple structure is practical, and deployment and operation are very convenient, and the wholeness can show the promotion.
Preferably, the inventive polarization grating is further adapted to: deflecting incident left-handed circularly polarized light into emergent right-handed circularly polarized light in the deflection process; and/or deflecting the incident right-handed circularly polarized light into the emergent left-handed circularly polarized light; and/or converting incident unpolarized light into left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light with opposite diffraction angles.
Further, the transmission spectrum of the polarization grating of the present invention is centered on: deflecting incident left-handed circularly polarized light into a negative diffraction order; and/or deflecting incident right-handed circularly polarized light into a positive diffraction order; and/or deflecting the incident unpolarized light into left circularly polarized light of positive diffraction order and right circularly polarized light of negative diffraction order.
Therefore, the invention effectively avoids the inconvenience caused by the additional addition of a more complex multi-level diffraction processing device because other multi-level diffraction needs to be considered in the traditional grating.
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a frame of an imaging direction selecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating imaging direction selection according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a surface structure of a polarization grating according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses an imaging direction selecting apparatus including: a light beam filtering device 2, a rotating device and at least one first-order polarization grating 1 which are arranged in front of the image sensor 3. The image sensor can adopt CCD and CMOS structures, and pixels of the image sensor can select any pixel specification according to specific application.
And each polarization grating realizes light beam diffraction and deflection by controlling the periodic arrangement of material molecules, and the emergent light beam deflection angle is the vector superposition of a light beam incident angle and a polarization grating diffraction angle.
The rotating device is used for driving the corresponding single or at least two polarization gratings to rotate so as to drive the diffraction angles of the polarization gratings to rotate, so that the light beams reaching the image sensor are switched with the corresponding polarization gratings to generate an external object-image area.
The light beam filtering device is used for filtering incident light of an external non-target object image area.
In other words, the number of the polarization gratings in this embodiment may be one level, or may be two levels or more than two levels. Under the action of the rotating device, each level of polarization grating can rotate independently and can also be linked with other levels of polarization gratings simultaneously. The corresponding power driving device can adopt a stepping motor, a servo motor, a linear motor, a magnetic suspension motor or a piezoelectric driving motor and the like. The corresponding rotating device can be controlled by the sub-rotating platform with the number of the polarization gratings to be deployed and the like.
Preferably, the polarization grating of the present embodiment is further configured to: deflecting incident left-handed circularly polarized light into emergent right-handed circularly polarized light in the deflection process; and/or deflecting the incident right-handed circularly polarized light into the emergent left-handed circularly polarized light; and/or converting incident unpolarized light into left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light with opposite diffraction angles.
Further, the transmission spectrum of the polarization grating is centered at: deflecting incident left-handed circularly polarized light into a negative diffraction order; and/or deflecting incident right-handed circularly polarized light into a positive diffraction order; and/or deflecting the incident unpolarized light into left circularly polarized light of positive diffraction order and right circularly polarized light of negative diffraction order. Therefore, the inconvenience caused by the fact that a more complex multi-level diffraction processing device needs to be additionally arranged because other multi-level diffraction needs to be considered in the traditional grating can be effectively avoided.
It is worth mentioning that: in the above expression, "and/or" relationship, for a first-order polarization grating adjacent to an external object image, there exist incident light in a non-polarized state and left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light at the same time, and for other-order polarization gratings between the first-order polarization grating and the image sensor, there exist only left-handed circularly polarized light and/or right-handed circularly polarized light. Because different target areas have differences of light sources, the actual functions of the polarization gratings at different levels inside the polarization gratings are uncertain; however, for those skilled in the art, the corresponding techniques are clear and not easily ambiguous, and are not described in detail later.
Preferably, the beam filtering apparatus of the present embodiment includes at least a polarization state converter and a linear polarizer. The polarization state converter is used for converting incident left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light with mutually vertical polarization directions. The linear polarizer is arranged between the image sensor and the polarization converter, and the polarization direction of the linear polarizer is perpendicular to the polarization direction of one of the linear polarized lights, so that the linear polarized light cannot be incident to the image sensor.
Alternatively, the polarization converter may be an 1/4 wave plate. When the linear polarized light is specifically deployed, when the linear polarized light only allows linearly polarized light in the horizontal direction to be incident on the image sensor, the fast axis of the 1/4 wave plate forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the polarization direction of the linear polarizer. Or when the linearly polarized light only allows linearly polarized light in the vertical direction to be incident to the image sensor, the 1/4 wave plate fast axis forms an included angle of-45 degrees with the polarization direction of the linear polarizer.
Preferably, the beam filtering apparatus of this embodiment further includes a lens disposed between the image sensor and the linear polarizer, for filtering out incident light that has been deflected by too large a non-target image area after penetrating through the linear polarizer.
Under the cooperation of the light beam filtering device, the principle that the rotation of the polarization grating synchronously drives the switching of the external imaging area is shown in fig. 2:
when two different light beams with different angles pass through the polarization grating 1, the two light beams are divided into two light beams and deflected to two different directions. In the figure, the solid line light beam is left-handed circularly polarized light converted after passing through the polarization grating, and is converted into horizontal polarized light after passing through 1/4 wave plate 16; then enters the lens 18 after passing through the linear polarizer 17. But one of the beams is deflected in an excessively large direction, and although the beam can pass through the linear polarizer, the beam cannot enter the lens to complete imaging. In the figure, the dotted light beam is rightly circularly polarized light converted by the polarization grating, is converted into vertically polarized light after passing through the 1/4 wave plate, is finally filtered by the linear polarizer and cannot enter the lens to finish imaging. Therefore, only the light beam in the selected direction of the polarization grating can enter the imaging lens to complete imaging at each time, and interference of other light beams is avoided.
Therefore, based on this embodiment, in the transmission process of the light beam, it is assumed that the included angle between the virtual grating lines of the two polarization gratings is Φ. When incident light passes through a first polarization grating, the included angle between emergent light and incident light is the diffraction angle theta of the polarization grating1The emergent light and the incident light are in the same plane, and the plane is vertical to the direction of the first polarization virtual grating groove; when the light beam enters the second polarization grating, the incident angle of the light beam can be divided into an angle component thetax which is equal to theta and is vertical to the virtual grating ruling direction of the second polarization grating1Cos Φ and the angular component θ y ═ θ y parallel to the virtual grating ruling direction of the second polarization grating1Sin Φ. After passing through the second polarization grating, the angular component increases to θ1*cosΦ+θ2(θ2The second polarization grating diffraction angle). While the angle θ y remains unchanged. The final emergent direction theta is the vector superposition of thetax and thetay, and:
θ2＝(θ1*cosΦ+θ2)2+(θ1*sinΦ)2。
optionally, the optical property modification material of the polarization grating of this embodiment may be made of liquid crystal or liquid crystal polymer, and the surface structure thereof may refer to fig. 3. Or the polarization grating optical performance modified material can be made of a metal super surface or a medium super surface, wherein the super surface is an ultrathin two-dimensional array plane consisting of a series of sub-wavelength artificial microstructures, has the characteristics of relatively simple manufacture, relatively low loss, small volume, ultrathin thickness and the like, and can realize effective regulation and control on the aspects of amplitude, phase, propagation mode, polarization state and the like of electromagnetic waves.
In summary, the imaging direction selecting apparatus disclosed in this embodiment has the following beneficial effects:
under the cooperation of the light beam filtering device, the rotation of the polarization grating synchronously drives the switching of the external imaging area, and the multi-stage arrangement of the polarization grating can be used for increasing the deflection degree of the light beam, thereby increasing the field angle. Simple structure is practical, and deployment and operation are very convenient, and the wholeness can show the promotion.
Example 2
Corresponding to the above device embodiments, the present embodiment discloses an imaging direction selecting method, including:
step S1, installing a light beam filtering device, a rotating device and at least one stage of polarization grating in front of the image sensor; and each polarization grating realizes light beam diffraction and deflection by controlling the periodic arrangement of material molecules, and the emergent light beam deflection angle is the vector superposition of a light beam incident angle and a polarization grating diffraction angle.
Step S2, the rotating device drives the corresponding single or at least two polarization gratings to rotate, and further drives the diffraction angle of the polarization gratings to rotate, so that the light beam reaching the image sensor is switched with the corresponding polarization gratings to generate the switching of the external object image area; meanwhile, the incident light of the external non-target object image area is filtered by the light beam filtering device.
Preferably, the method of this embodiment further includes:
in the deflection process, the polarization grating deflects the incident left-handed circularly polarized light into emergent right-handed circularly polarized light; and/or deflecting the incident right-handed circularly polarized light into the emergent left-handed circularly polarized light; and/or converting incident unpolarized light into left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light with opposite diffraction angles.
Further, the transmission spectrum of the polarization grating is centered at: deflecting incident left-handed circularly polarized light into a negative diffraction order; and/or deflecting incident right-handed circularly polarized light into a positive diffraction order; and/or deflecting the incident unpolarized light into left circularly polarized light of positive diffraction order and right circularly polarized light of negative diffraction order.
Optionally, the beam filtering device at least comprises a polarization converter and a linear polarizer. The polarization state converter is used for respectively converting incident left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light with mutually vertical polarization directions; the linear polarizer is arranged between the image sensor and the polarization converter, and the polarization direction of the linear polarizer is perpendicular to the polarization direction of one of the linear polarized lights, so that the linear polarized light cannot be incident to the image sensor.
Specifically, the polarization converter may be an 1/4 wave plate, and when the linearly polarized light is specifically deployed, when only linearly polarized light in a horizontal direction is allowed to be incident on the image sensor, a fast axis of the 1/4 wave plate forms an included angle of 45 degrees with a polarization direction of the linearly polarizing plate; or when the linearly polarized light only allows linearly polarized light in the vertical direction to be incident to the image sensor, the 1/4 wave plate fast axis forms an included angle of-45 degrees with the polarization direction of the linear polarizer.
Preferably, the beam filtering device further includes a lens disposed between the image sensor and the linear polarizer for filtering out incident light deflected to an excessively large non-target image area after penetrating through the linear polarizer.
Optionally, the polarization grating optical property modification material is made of liquid crystal and liquid crystal polymer. Or the polarization grating optical performance modifying material is made of a metal super surface or a medium super surface.
Similarly, the imaging direction selection method disclosed in this embodiment has the following beneficial effects:
under the cooperation of the light beam filtering device, the rotation of the polarization grating synchronously drives the switching of the external imaging area, and the multi-stage arrangement of the polarization grating can be used for increasing the deflection degree of the light beam, thereby increasing the field angle. Simple structure is practical, and deployment and operation are very convenient, and the wholeness can show the promotion.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. An imaging direction selection apparatus, comprising:
the light beam filtering device, the rotating device and the at least one stage of polarization grating are arranged in front of the image sensor;
each polarization grating realizes light beam diffraction and deflection by controlling the periodic arrangement of material molecules, and an emergent light beam deflection angle is vector superposition of a light beam incident angle and a polarization grating diffraction angle;
the rotating device is used for driving the corresponding single or at least two polarization gratings to rotate so as to drive the diffraction angles of the polarization gratings to rotate, so that the light beams reaching the image sensor are switched with the corresponding polarization gratings to generate an external object-image area;
the light beam filtering device is used for filtering incident light of an external non-target object image area.
2. An imaging direction selection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the polarization grating is further configured to: deflecting incident left-handed circularly polarized light into emergent right-handed circularly polarized light in the deflection process; and/or
Deflecting the incident right-handed circularly polarized light into emergent left-handed circularly polarized light; and/or
The incident unpolarized light is converted into left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light with opposite diffraction angles.
3. An imaging direction selection apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the transmission spectrum of the polarization grating is centered on:
deflecting incident left-handed circularly polarized light into a negative diffraction order; and/or
Deflecting the incident right-handed circularly polarized light into a positive diffraction order; and/or
The incident unpolarized light is polarized into left-circularly polarized light of positive diffraction order and right-circularly polarized light of negative diffraction order.
4. An imaging direction selection apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the beam filtering means comprises at least a polarization state converter and a linear polarizer:
the polarization state converter is used for respectively converting incident left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light with mutually vertical polarization directions;
the linear polarizer is arranged between the image sensor and the polarization state converter, and the polarization direction of the linear polarizer is perpendicular to the polarization direction of one of the linearly polarized lights, so that the linearly polarized light cannot be incident to the image sensor.
5. An imaging direction selection apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the polarization state converter is an 1/4 wave plate, wherein:
when the linearly polarized light only allows linearly polarized light in the horizontal direction to be incident to the image sensor, the fast axis of the 1/4 wave plate forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the polarization direction of the linear polarizer; or
When the linearly polarized light only allows linearly polarized light in the vertical direction to be incident to the image sensor, the fast axis of the 1/4 wave plate forms an included angle of-45 degrees with the polarization direction of the linear polarizer.
6. An imaging direction selection apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said beam filtering means further comprises a lens disposed between said image sensor and said linear polarizer for filtering out incident light that is deflected through large non-target image areas after passing through said linear polarizer.
7. An imaging direction selection apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the polarization grating optical property modifying material is made of liquid crystal, liquid crystal polymer; or
The polarization grating optical performance modifying material is made of a metal super surface or a medium super surface.
8. An imaging direction selection method, comprising:
a light beam filtering device, a rotating device and at least one stage of polarization grating are arranged in front of the image sensor; each polarization grating realizes light beam diffraction and deflection by controlling the periodic arrangement of material molecules, and the emergent light beam deflection angle is the vector superposition of a light beam incident angle and a polarization grating diffraction angle;
the rotating device drives the corresponding single or at least two polarization gratings to rotate, so as to drive the diffraction angle of the polarization gratings to rotate, and the light beam reaching the image sensor is switched with the corresponding polarization gratings to generate an external object image area; meanwhile, the incident light of the external non-target object image area is filtered by the light beam filtering device.
9. An imaging direction selection method according to claim 8, further comprising:
in the deflection process, the polarization grating deflects the incident left-handed circularly polarized light into emergent right-handed circularly polarized light; and/or deflecting the incident right-handed circularly polarized light into the emergent left-handed circularly polarized light; and/or converting incident unpolarized light into left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light with opposite diffraction angles.
10. An imaging direction selection method according to claim 9, wherein the transmission spectrum of the polarization grating is centered on:
deflecting incident left-handed circularly polarized light into a negative diffraction order; and/or
Deflecting the incident right-handed circularly polarized light into a positive diffraction order; and/or
The incident unpolarized light is polarized into left-circularly polarized light of positive diffraction order and right-circularly polarized light of negative diffraction order.
11. An imaging direction selection method according to claim 8, 9 or 10, wherein the beam filtering means comprises at least a polarization state converter and a linear polarizer:
the polarization state converter is used for respectively converting incident left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light with mutually vertical polarization directions;
the linear polarizer is arranged between the image sensor and the polarization state converter, and the polarization direction of the linear polarizer is perpendicular to the polarization direction of one of the linearly polarized lights, so that the linearly polarized light cannot be incident to the image sensor.
12. An imaging direction selection method according to claim 11, wherein the polarization state converter is an 1/4 wave plate, wherein:
when the linearly polarized light only allows linearly polarized light in the horizontal direction to be incident to the image sensor, the fast axis of the 1/4 wave plate forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the polarization direction of the linear polarizer; or
When the linearly polarized light only allows linearly polarized light in the vertical direction to be incident to the image sensor, the fast axis of the 1/4 wave plate forms an included angle of-45 degrees with the polarization direction of the linear polarizer.
13. An imaging direction selecting method according to claim 12, wherein the beam filtering means further comprises a lens disposed between the image sensor and the linear polarizer for filtering out incident light deflected over a large non-target image area after passing through the linear polarizer.
14. An imaging direction selection method according to claim 8, 9 or 10 wherein the polarization grating optical property modifying material is made of liquid crystal, liquid crystal polymer; or
The polarization grating optical performance modifying material is made of a metal super surface or a medium super surface.
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| CN113267789B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-02-08 | 西安工业大学 | Infrared full-waveband two-dimensional four-directional polarization modulation grating |
| CN113946047B (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2023-10-27 | 北京理工大学 | Polarization grating with controllable output polarization state distribution |
| CN113946034B (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2023-09-19 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Broadband chiral spectrum analysis and large-view-field imaging system and design method |
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