CN110131162B - 节能叶片泵 - Google Patents

节能叶片泵 Download PDF

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CN110131162B
CN110131162B CN201910578961.3A CN201910578961A CN110131162B CN 110131162 B CN110131162 B CN 110131162B CN 201910578961 A CN201910578961 A CN 201910578961A CN 110131162 B CN110131162 B CN 110131162B
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pressure
blade
rotor
stator
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CN110131162A (zh
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齐国兴
王锦江
王洪继
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Taizhou Hongyi Hydraulic Servo Technology Co ltd
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Taizhou Hongyi Hydraulic Servo Technology Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C15/00—Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C2/00 - F04C14/00
    • F04C15/06—Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00—Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/30—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F04C2/34—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in groups F04C2/08 or F04C2/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F04C2/344—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in groups F04C2/08 or F04C2/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member
    • F04C2/3446—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in groups F04C2/08 or F04C2/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member the inner and outer member being in contact along more than one line or surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
    • F01C21/08—Rotary pistons
    • F01C21/0809—Construction of vanes or vane holders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
    • F01C21/08—Rotary pistons
    • F01C21/0809—Construction of vanes or vane holders
    • F01C21/0818—Vane tracking; control therefor
    • F01C21/0854—Vane tracking; control therefor by fluid means
    • F01C21/0863—Vane tracking; control therefor by fluid means the fluid being the working fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
    • F01C21/10—Outer members for co-operation with rotary pistons; Casings
    • F01C21/104—Stators; Members defining the outer boundaries of the working chamber
    • F01C21/108—Stators; Members defining the outer boundaries of the working chamber with an axial surface, e.g. side plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C15/00—Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C2/00 - F04C14/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00—Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/30—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F04C2/34—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in groups F04C2/08 or F04C2/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F04C2/344—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in groups F04C2/08 or F04C2/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2210/00—Fluid
    • F04C2210/20—Fluid liquid, i.e. incompressible
    • F04C2210/206—Oil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00—Components
    • F04C2240/20—Rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00—Components
    • F04C2240/60—Shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00—Components
    • F04C2240/80—Other components

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Details And Applications Of Rotary Liquid Pumps (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种节能叶片泵，包括泵体，在泵体内设有传动轴，在传动轴上套接有转子，在转子外设有定子，在转子上开设有叶片槽，在转子和定子之间均布有叶片，在转子的两侧分别设有侧板，侧板上分别设有高压腔、出油腔，高压腔与出油腔之间在侧板上设有连通道，所述侧板在高压腔与出油腔之间的连通道中设有阻断高压腔与出油腔之间连通的隔断结构。本发明的有益效果是：由于经过计算高压腔向出油腔泄压的流量通道横截面面积在9.8左右，使得高压腔向出油腔泄压的流量通道可以设置在叶片上，同时可以使叶片转速低至50转/分钟时，可以确保叶片与定子内壁的有效抵接，这样本发明的节能叶片泵在保压冷却定型阶段的节能效率达到97%。

Description

节能叶片泵
技术领域
本发明涉及一种叶片泵，尤其涉及一种应用在注塑机械上的叶片泵。
背景技术
叶片泵的基本结构是这样的：泵体内设一根传动轴，在传动轴上固定套接转子，在转子外设定子，在转子上开设有多个叶片槽，一般为12个叶片槽，在转子和定子之间均布有叶片，叶片的根端位于叶片槽内，叶片的顶端朝向定子，在转子的两侧分别设有侧板，定子的内表面由大圆弧面、变曲率弧面、小圆弧面构成。
叶片泵的工作原理：电机通过传动轴带动转子旋转，转子中的叶片在离心力的作用下在叶片槽中向外滑动，使叶片的外端抵压在定子的内表面上，起密封作用，同时将吸油腔和压油腔隔开，随着转子的继续转动，当叶片从定子内表面的小圆弧区向大圆弧区移动时，两个密封叶片之间的容积增大，就通过侧板上的吸油口吸油；当叶片从定子内表面的大圆弧区向小圆弧区移动时，两个密封叶片之间的容积变小，通过侧板上的压油口排油，当转子每转一周，叶片在槽内往复两次，完成两次吸、排油过程，故又称双作用叶片泵。
叶片泵的结构以及工作原理决定了叶片泵工作的流量大、压力高、效率高、低噪音的特点，这些特点使得叶片泵广泛地应用于机床、塑机、皮革机械、锻压机械、工程机械等领域，近十多年来叶片泵随着注塑机行业的迅速发展在注塑机行业中也得到广泛应用。
注塑机的工作特点是注射时间较短，完成注射后进行保压冷却定型的时间相对较长，在保压冷却阶段需要液压油的流量较少，注射与保压冷却阶段的流量比约为50：1至60：1，一般叶片泵的转速是固定，最常见的是2800转/分钟，根据注射与保压冷却阶段的流量比可以大致估算出保压冷却阶段的转速只要50至60转/分钟即可，但由于叶片泵在低转速时叶片的离心力不足以支撑叶片的自身重量，当叶片转至定子内表面的高处时，叶片在自身重量的作用下脱离与定子内表面的抵接，压油腔失去密封性，使得压油腔失去油压，导致定型保压失败。因为无法解决叶片泵低速失压的技术问题，现有技术中，注塑机在保压阶段往往需要通过溢流阀的分流作用确保压力稳定，将多余的97%的液压油流量从溢流管路流走，分流的高压液压油的能量做了无用功，这种情况决定了作为动力源的叶片泵的工作效率不能得到充分利用，不利于节能。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种注塑机处于保压冷却阶段叶片可以实现低速有效保压的节能叶片泵；从而解决了现有技术中因叶片转速过快导致过量的流量需要溢流，造成宝贵的能量做了无用功，不利于节能的技术问题。
本发明的上述技术问题是通过下述技术方案解决的：
一种节能叶片泵，包括泵体，在泵体内设有传动轴，在传动轴上套接有转子，在转子外设有定子，在转子上开设有叶片槽，在转子和定子之间均布有叶片，叶片的根端位于叶片槽内，叶片的顶端朝向定子，在转子的两侧分别设有侧板，侧板上分别设有高压腔、出油腔，高压腔与出油腔之间在侧板上设有连通道，转子、定子、叶片和侧板围成油腔，油腔包括体积随转子的转动从大变小的压油腔以及体积随转子的转动从小变大的吸油腔，叶片顶端设有U形顶槽，叶片顶槽、定子和侧板围成顶压腔，顶压腔可与压油腔、吸油腔相连通，叶片根端、叶片槽和侧板围成根压腔，根压腔与高压腔连通，出油腔与压油腔连通，所述侧板在高压腔与出油腔之间的连通道中设有阻断高压腔与出油腔之间连通的隔断结构，所述叶片内设有贯通孔，贯通孔的两端分别连通顶压腔、根压腔，所述叶片朝向侧板的两侧面分别设有侧槽，侧槽分别与顶压腔、根压腔相连通。
机床、塑机、皮革机械、锻压机械、工程机械等领域的设备工作时需要的液压油流量相对稳定，叶片泵满足该流量时的转速较高，一般转速都在上千转每分钟，高的可以达到3千转每分钟，叶片旋转产生的离心力足以支撑叶片本身的重量，并确保叶片有效抵接在定子内表面上；另外，叶片位于吸油腔、压油腔位置处，随着叶片的转动，叶片相对于叶片槽有向外、向内移动，叶片的移动使得叶片的顶压腔、根压腔之间存在压力差，现有技术中的叶片泵为了平衡顶压腔与根压腔之压力差，在侧板的高压腔与出油腔之间加设连通道，如说明书附图1所示，使高压腔与出油腔之间油液连通，又由于根压腔与高压腔连通，顶压腔与出油腔连通，这样当叶片向叶片槽内移动时，根压腔体积收到挤压，压力升高，升高的压力通过连通道向出油腔泄压，使顶压腔与根压腔之间的压力获得相对平衡，有利于叶片使用寿命的延长以及工作噪音的降低。
如何保证叶片在转子低速旋转的情况下仍旧可以有效保持与定子内表面可靠抵接，这是解决本专利申请所述技术问题的关键所在。自叶片泵应用到注塑机行业已有几十年的历史，叶片泵低速失压问题一直困扰着业界，所以一直以来叶片泵在定型保压阶段仍旧只能维持高速旋转，然后靠溢流阀来稳定压力。本专利申请为了解决所要解决的技术问题，采用逆向思维，在连通高压腔与出油腔的连通道中加设隔断结构以便阻断高压腔与出油腔之间的连通，也就是说在高压腔与出油腔之间取消连通道，这样，高压腔与出油腔之间可以连通的通道仅有贯通孔以及叶片侧边的侧槽，通过对高压腔向出油腔泄压的流量进行有效控制，从而延长高压腔向出油腔泄压时间，确保叶片经过出油腔的整个过程中，根压腔的压力总是大于顶压腔的压力，根压腔与顶压腔的压力差产生的对叶片的支撑力略大于叶片重量与离心力的差值，使得叶片与定子内表面的可靠抵接有保证，以便定型保压的顺利实施。
叶片自身重量越轻，叶片需要通过旋转产生的离心力以确保支撑叶片有效抵接在定子内壁的力度就越小。因此，为了尽可能减轻叶片的自身重量，将高压腔向出油腔泄压的流量通道设置在叶片上，这样侧板上就可以减少加工工序，降低侧板的制造成本。
作为优选，所述叶片内的贯通孔数量为两个，两个贯通孔在叶片的长度方向对称。
一种节能叶片泵，包括泵体，在泵体内设有传动轴，在传动轴上套接有转子，在转子外设有定子，在转子上开设有叶片槽，在转子和定子之间均布有叶片，叶片的根端位于叶片槽内，叶片的顶端朝向定子，在转子的两侧分别设有侧板，侧板上分别设有高压腔、出油腔，高压腔与出油腔之间在侧板上设有连通道，转子、定子、叶片和侧板围成油腔，油腔包括体积随转子的转动从大变小的压油腔以及体积随转子的转动从小变大的吸油腔，叶片顶端设有U形顶槽，叶片顶槽、定子和侧板围成顶压腔，顶压腔可与压油腔、吸油腔相连通，叶片根端、叶片槽和侧板围成根压腔，根压腔与高压腔连通，出油腔与压油腔连通，所述侧板在高压腔与出油腔之间的连通道中设有用于限制流量的限流结构，所述叶片内设有贯通孔，贯通孔的两端分别连通顶压腔、根压腔，所述叶片朝向侧板的两侧面分别设有侧槽，侧槽分别与顶压腔、根压腔相连通。
侧板在高压腔与出油腔之间的连通道中设有用于限制流量的限流结构，也就是说将连通道的横截面积减少，使连通道加贯通孔加侧槽的总流量与上一技术方案的贯通孔加侧槽的总流量相等，同样可以取得相同的技术效果。
本发明的有益效果是：由于经过计算高压腔向出油腔泄压的流量通道横截面面积在8至12/>左右，使得高压腔向出油腔泄压的流量通道可以设置在叶片上，同时可以使叶片转速低至50转/分钟时，高压腔的压力大于出油腔的压力，两者的压力差可以弥补叶片离心力的不足，确保叶片在低速旋转时与定子内壁的有效抵接。这样本发明的节能叶片泵在保压冷却定型阶段的节能效率达到97%，同时可以大幅降低噪音。
附图说明
图1是现有技术中叶片泵的一种侧板示意图；
图2是本发明的一种结构示意图；
图3是本发明实施例1的一种侧板结构示意图；
图4是图2中的M部放大示意图；
图5是本发明的叶片的俯视图；
图6是本发明实施例2的侧板结构示意图。
图中：侧板1、连通道2、出油腔3、高压腔4、定子5、压油腔6、叶片7、泵体8、吸油腔9、叶片槽10、传动轴11、转子12、叶片根端13、侧槽14、顶槽15、贯通孔16、顶压腔17、根压腔18。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例，并结合附图，对发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明。
实施例1：一种节能叶片泵如图2所示，包括泵体8，在泵体8内设有传动轴11，在传动轴11上套接有转子12，在转子12外设有定子5，在转子12上开设有叶片槽10，在转子12和定子5之间均布有叶片7，叶片7的根端位于叶片槽10内，叶片7的顶端朝向定子5，如图2、图3所示，在转子12的两侧分别设有侧板1，侧板1上分别设有高压腔4、出油腔3，如图2所示，转子12、定子5、叶片7和侧板1围成油腔，油腔包括体积随转子12的转动从大变小的压油腔6以及体积随转子12的转动从小变大的吸油腔9，如图4、图5所示，叶片7顶端设有U形顶槽15，所述叶片7内设有贯通孔16，贯通孔16的两端分别连通顶压腔17、根压腔18，贯通孔16数量为两个，两个贯通孔16在叶片7的长度方向对称布置，所述叶片7朝向侧板1的两侧面分别设有侧槽14，侧槽14分别与顶压腔17、根压腔18相连通，如图2所示，叶片顶槽15、定子5和侧板1围成顶压腔17，顶压腔17可与压油腔6、吸油腔9相连通，叶片根端13、叶片槽10和侧板1围成根压腔18，根压腔18与高压腔4连通，出油腔3与压油腔6连通。
高压腔向出油腔泄压的通道横截面面积计算：根据流体力学公式： ，， ，，，
其中q：泄压通道的横截面积，：高压腔与出油腔之间的压力差，/>：绝对粘度，b：叶片厚度所对应圆心上的弧度，h: 叶片旋转产生的离心力，l：叶片的高度，m：叶片的重量，/>：叶片与叶片槽的相对运动速度，A：根压腔的压力作用于叶片的受力面积，/>：角速度，d：定子与转子间的间距，r：转速，k：系统误差修正系数，/>：液体的流速（5~7米/秒），S1:贯通孔的横截面面积，S2：侧槽的横截面面积，t：叶片旋转一周所花时间，经过计算：/>=5时，q=8/>，/>=7时，q=12/>，再经过实际验证优选q=9.8/>时，叶片泵的节能效率高达97%。
实施例2：一种节能叶片泵的侧板1如图6所示，在高压腔4与出油腔3之间设置连通道2，连通道2横截面积+贯通孔16的横截面面积+侧槽14的横截面面积=9.8，其他与实施例1相同。
以上所述的实施例只是本发明最优选择的技术方案，并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制，在不超出权利要求所记载的技术方案的前提下还有其它的变体及改型。
本说明书中未作详细描述的内容，属于本专业技术人员公知的现有技术。

Claims (2)

1.一种节能叶片泵，包括泵体，在泵体内设有传动轴，在传动轴上套接有转子，在转子外设有定子，在转子上开设有叶片槽，在转子和定子之间均布有叶片，叶片的根端位于叶片槽内，叶片的顶端朝向定子，在转子的两侧分别设有侧板，侧板上分别设有高压腔、出油腔，高压腔与出油腔之间在侧板上设有连通道，转子、定子、叶片和侧板围成油腔，油腔包括体积随转子的转动从大变小的压油腔以及体积随转子的转动从小变大的吸油腔，叶片顶端设有U形顶槽，叶片顶槽、定子和侧板围成顶压腔，顶压腔可与压油腔、吸油腔相连通，叶片根端、叶片槽和侧板围成根压腔，根压腔与高压腔连通，出油腔与压油腔连通，其特征在于：所述侧板在高压腔与出油腔之间的连通道中设有阻断高压腔与出油腔之间连通的隔断结构，所述叶片内设有贯通孔，贯通孔的两端分别连通顶压腔、根压腔，所述叶片朝向侧板的两侧面分别设有侧槽，侧槽分别与顶压腔、根压腔相连通，所述高压腔向出油腔泄压的流量通道横截面面积为8至12平方毫米。
2.根据权利要求1所述的节能叶片泵，其特征在于：所述叶片内的贯通孔数量为两个，两个贯通孔在叶片的长度方向对称。
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