CN110130789B - Casement window - Google Patents
Casement window Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110130789B CN110130789B CN201910446173.9A CN201910446173A CN110130789B CN 110130789 B CN110130789 B CN 110130789B CN 201910446173 A CN201910446173 A CN 201910446173A CN 110130789 B CN110130789 B CN 110130789B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- connecting rod
- window
- parallelogram
- window sash
- rod part
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
- E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
- E05D15/56—Suspension arrangements for wings with successive different movements
- E05D15/58—Suspension arrangements for wings with successive different movements with both swinging and sliding movements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/32—Arrangements of wings characterised by the manner of movement; Arrangements of movable wings in openings; Features of wings or frames relating solely to the manner of movement of the wing
- E06B3/50—Arrangements of wings characterised by the manner of movement; Arrangements of movable wings in openings; Features of wings or frames relating solely to the manner of movement of the wing with more than one kind of movement
- E06B3/5009—Arrangements of wings characterised by the manner of movement; Arrangements of movable wings in openings; Features of wings or frames relating solely to the manner of movement of the wing with more than one kind of movement where the sliding and rotating movements are necessarily performed simultaneously
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
- E05D15/00—Suspension arrangements for wings
- E05D15/56—Suspension arrangements for wings with successive different movements
- E05D15/58—Suspension arrangements for wings with successive different movements with both swinging and sliding movements
- E05D2015/586—Suspension arrangements for wings with successive different movements with both swinging and sliding movements with travelling hinge parts
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Wing Frames And Configurations (AREA)
- Hinges (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a casement window which comprises a window frame and a window sash, wherein a first parallelogram connecting rod part is hinged on the window frame, a second parallelogram connecting rod part is hinged between a first ejector rod of the first parallelogram connecting rod part and the window sash, and the first parallelogram connecting rod part and the second parallelogram connecting rod part are used for driving the window sash to be opened or closed in a translation manner. The window sash is horizontally screwed out outwards and always keeps parallel with the window frame, when the first parallelogram connecting rod part rotates to the limit position, the second parallelogram connecting rod part rotates outwards by taking two hinged points with the first ejector rod as a rotating center, so that the window sash can be completely opened, the window sash cannot shield the window frame, the ventilation area is larger, the window frame is close to a wall body, the occupied space after the window sash is opened is reduced, the wind area of the window sash is small, the resistance of the wind is correspondingly reduced to the minimum, the window sash is not easily blown down, and the safety of the casement window is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building doors and windows, in particular to a casement window.
Background
In the prior art, a casement window mainly utilizes a wind brace to hinge a window frame and a window sash, due to structural limitation, the opening angle of the casement window is within 90 degrees and cannot be opened fully, the required opening space is a fan-shaped space taking the length of the window sash as the diameter, the required opening space is large, external objects are easy to interfere and cause danger, and people are required to get out of the window when the window is opened at a large angle, so that the operation is inconvenient and certain danger is generated; the window sash is large in wind area when opened, the window sash is easy to blow off, and potential safety hazards are caused.
In summary, how to improve the safety of the casement window is a problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a casement window with high safety.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a casement window comprises a window frame and a window sash, wherein a first parallelogram connecting rod portion is hinged to the window frame, a second parallelogram connecting rod portion is hinged between a first ejector rod of the first parallelogram connecting rod portion and the window sash, and the first parallelogram connecting rod portion and the second parallelogram connecting rod portion are used for driving the window sash to open or close in a translation mode.
Preferably, the first parallelogram connecting rod part comprises two first connecting rods which are oppositely arranged and synchronously rotate, one end of each of the two first connecting rods is hinged with the window frame, and the other end of each of the two first connecting rods is hinged with the first ejector rod.
Preferably, the first connecting rod comprises a bending rod for avoiding a vertical beam of the window frame and a straight rod which is opposite to the bending rod and rotates synchronously.
Preferably, the window frame is provided with a first fixing rod for being hinged with the first connecting rod.
Preferably, the second parallelogram connecting rod portion comprises two second connecting rods respectively hinged to the first top rod and a second fixing rod arranged on the window sash and used for being hinged to the second connecting rods.
Preferably, the bending rod is provided with a limiting block for limiting the rotation of the second connecting rod.
Preferably, the first fixing rod is connected with the window frame through a first bolt, and the second fixing rod is connected with the window sash through a second bolt.
Preferably, the first connecting rod is connected with the window frame through a rotating shaft, and a pre-tightening adjusting part used for adjusting acting force required by rotation of the first connecting rod is arranged on the rotating shaft.
The casement window comprises a window frame and a window sash, wherein a first parallelogram connecting rod part is hinged on the window frame, a second parallelogram connecting rod part is hinged between a first ejector rod of the first parallelogram connecting rod part and the window sash, and the first parallelogram connecting rod part and the second parallelogram connecting rod part are used for driving the window sash to open or close in a translation manner.
When the window sash is in a closed state, the first parallelogram connecting rod part and the second parallelogram connecting rod part can be folded and contracted between the window frame and the window sash, when the window sash is opened, the first parallelogram connecting rod part outwards rotates by taking two hinge points with the window frame as a rotation center, and the second parallelogram connecting rod part outwards rotates by taking two hinge points with the first ejector rod as a rotation center, because two opposite connecting rods of the first parallelogram connecting rod part and the second parallelogram connecting rod part are always parallel during rotation, and the angular displacement, the angular velocity and the angular acceleration of the two connecting rods are always equal, the window sash hinged with the second parallelogram connecting rod part can be outwards rotated in a translation manner and is always parallel to the window frame, the opening amplitude is greatly reduced, the required longitudinal space is small, the body of a user does not need to be moved to the outside of the window, and the opening safety is improved, when the first parallelogram connecting rod portion is interfered by the window frame and rotates to the limit position, the second parallelogram connecting rod portion rotates outwards by taking two hinge points with the first ejector rod as a rotation center, so that the window frame can be close to a wall body as much as possible, the distance between the window sash and the wall body is reduced, the window sash can be completely opened, the window sash cannot shield the window frame, the ventilation area is larger, the window sash close to the wall surface is parallel to the wall surface, the occupied space after the window sash is opened is reduced, the wind area of the window sash is small, the resistance of the wind is correspondingly reduced to the minimum, the window sash is not easy to blow down, and the safety of the casement window is further improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a casement window provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a first parallelogram link portion and a second parallelogram link portion provided in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the second parallelogram link portion when rotated;
fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of the casement window provided by the present invention when rotated to a limit position;
FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of the first parallelogram link part and the second parallelogram link part rotating;
fig. 6 is a schematic plan view of the casement window provided by the present invention when opened to the limit position.
In FIGS. 1-6:
1 is a window frame, 2 is a window sash, 3 is a first parallelogram connecting rod part, 31 is a first top rod, 32 is a bent rod, 33 is a straight rod, 4 is a second parallelogram connecting rod part, 41 is a second connecting rod, and 42 is a second fixed rod.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The core of the invention is to provide a casement window with high safety.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a casement window provided by the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a first parallelogram link portion and a second parallelogram link portion provided in the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the second parallelogram link portion when rotated; fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of the casement window provided by the present invention when rotated to a limit position; FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of the first parallelogram link part and the second parallelogram link part rotating; fig. 6 is a schematic plan view of the casement window provided by the present invention when opened to the limit position.
The casement window comprises a window frame 1 and a window sash 2, wherein a first parallelogram connecting rod part 3 is hinged on the window frame 1, a second parallelogram connecting rod part 4 is hinged between a first ejector rod 31 of the first parallelogram connecting rod part 3 and the window sash 2, and the first parallelogram connecting rod part 3 and the second parallelogram connecting rod part 4 are used for driving the window sash 2 to be opened or closed in a translation manner.
Wherein, the first parallelogram connecting rod portion 3 and the second parallelogram connecting rod portion 4, i.e. the planar quadrilateral mechanism, may be composed of four connecting rods, or may be composed of three connecting rods, i.e. the connecting rods are additionally arranged at the window frame 1 and the window sash 2, of course, the first ejector rod 31 is a connecting rod shared by the first parallelogram connecting rod portion 3 and the second parallelogram connecting rod portion 4, the first parallelogram connecting rod portion 3 and the second parallelogram connecting rod portion 4 may be folded and contracted into a straight line under the action of external force, i.e. when the window sash 2 is closed, the first parallelogram connecting rod portion 3 and the second parallelogram connecting rod portion 4 may be folded and contracted in the gap between the window sash 2 and the window frame 1, when the window sash 2 needs to be opened, the window sash 2 may be pushed, or the first parallelogram connecting rod portion 3 and the second parallelogram connecting rod portion 4, the first parallelogram connecting rod portion 3 and the second parallelogram connecting rod portion 4 may be rotated and expanded under the action of external force, after rotating to a certain position, the first parallelogram connecting rod portion 3 and the second parallelogram connecting rod portion 4 can move towards the position where the wall body is located in a folding mode, meanwhile, the window sash 2 is driven to move towards the wall body, the first parallelogram connecting rod portion 3 and the second parallelogram connecting rod portion 4 can be arranged on the top or the bottom of the window frame 1 and the window sash 2 only in one group, and can also be arranged on the top and the bottom of the window frame 1 and the window sash 2 at the same time, and therefore stability in the rotating process is improved.
It should be noted that the rotation of the first parallelogram link portion 3 and the second parallelogram link portion 4 may be simultaneous, or may be first and then, may be changed by adjusting the pre-tightening force of the rotation of the first parallelogram link portion 3 and the second parallelogram link portion 4.
It can be understood that the two opposite connecting rods of the first parallelogram connecting rod part 3 and the second parallelogram connecting rod part 4 are always kept parallel when rotating, and the angular displacement, the angular velocity and the angular acceleration of the two connecting rods are also always equal, so that the window sash 2 hinged with the second parallelogram connecting rod part 4 can be integrally rotated outwards in a translation manner and is always kept parallel to the window frame 1, the longitudinal space required for opening the window sash 2 is small, the moving distance is not required for a user to approach the body to the outside of the window, the opening safety is improved, when the first parallelogram connecting rod part 3 is interfered by the window frame 1 and rotates to the limit position, the second parallelogram connecting rod part 4 rotates outwards by taking the two hinge points with the first push rod 31 as the rotating centers, the window frame 1 can be close to the wall as much as possible, the distance between the window sash 2 and the wall is reduced, and the second parallelogram connecting rod part 4 can rotate outwards by taking the two hinge points with the first push rod 31 as the rotating centers The transverse displacement of the window sash 2 relative to the window frame 1 is increased, so that the window sash 2 and the window frame 1 are staggered, the window sash 2 can be completely opened, the window sash 2 is parallel to the window frame 1, the window sash 2 cannot shield the window frame 1, the lighting area and the ventilation area of the casement window are increased, the window sash 2 tightly attached to a wall surface is parallel to the wall surface, the occupied space of the opened window sash 2 is reduced, the wind area of the window sash 2 is small, the resistance of the wind is correspondingly reduced to the minimum, the window sash is not easily blown down, and the safety of the casement window is further improved.
In one embodiment of the first parallelogram link part 3, the first parallelogram link part 3 includes two oppositely disposed first links rotating synchronously, one end of the two first links is hinged with the window frame 1, and the other end of the two first links is hinged with the first top rod 31.
The first connecting rods are generally straight rod bodies, the two first connecting rods are equal in length and convenient to fold, one ends of the two first connecting rods are hinged to the window frame 1, the other ends of the two first connecting rods are hinged to the first ejector rod 31, specifically, the two end points of the two first connecting rods located on the same side are hinged to the window frame 1, the two end points of the other side are hinged to the two end points of the first ejector rod 31 respectively, and when the two first connecting rods rotate around the hinged point with the window frame 1 respectively, the first ejector rod 31 can be driven to move horizontally.
In order to enlarge the rotation range of the first link, in the present embodiment, the first link includes a bent rod 32 for avoiding the vertical beam of the window frame 1 and a straight rod 33 opposite to the bent rod 32 and rotating synchronously.
It can be understood that the bending rod 32 needs to be disposed at one side of the vertical beam close to the window frame 1, the bending rod 32 is provided with a U-shaped or fold-line type bending indent, when the bending rod 32 rotates to the position of the vertical beam, a part of the vertical beam can extend into the bending indent, so that the bending rod 32 can continue to rotate outwards, the rotation range of the bending rod 32 is enlarged, the lateral movement distance of the window sash 2 relative to the window frame 1 is large, the window sash 2 is further prevented from shielding the opening of the window frame 1, and the ventilation area is increased.
In order to improve the stability of the first link, in the present embodiment, the window frame 1 is provided with a first fixing lever for being hinged with the first link.
Wherein, first dead lever can be fixed on the crossbeam of window frame 1 through parts such as bolt or locating pin, and convenient the change or maintain, of course, also can be through modes fixed connection such as welding, cementing, more firm, be difficult for droing, first dead lever generally sets up the crossbeam one end that is close vertical roof beam at window frame 1 to avoid window frame 1 to open the back and shelter from window frame 1's opening.
In one embodiment of the second parallelogram link part 4, the second parallelogram link part 4 includes two second links 41 respectively hinged with the first top bar 31 and a second fixing rod 42 provided on the window sash 2 for being hinged with the second links 41.
The second connecting rods 41 are two oppositely arranged connecting rods, the two second connecting rods 41 can rotate synchronously by taking a hinge point with the first top rod 31 as a rotation center, the top ends of the two second connecting rods 41 are hinged with the second fixing rod 42 on the window sash 2, and the second fixing rod 42 is fixedly connected with the window sash 2, so that when the two second connecting rods 41 rotate synchronously, the window sash 2 is driven to move synchronously in a translation manner. Preferably, the first fixing lever is connected to the window frame 1 by a first bolt, and the second fixing lever 42 is connected to the window sash 2 by a second bolt. The first parallelogram link portion 3 and the second parallelogram link portion 4 are easily detached by the user.
On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment, the bending lever 32 is provided with a stopper for restricting the rotation of the second link 41.
It should be noted that, when the second connecting rod 41 rotates to the limiting position, the second connecting rod 41 will contact with the limiting block on the bending rod 32 and be blocked by the limiting block, the second connecting rod 41 will maintain the existing angle shape, and the bending rod 32 will be rotated outward by the acting force transmitted from the second connecting rod 41 through the limiting block, so that the second connecting rod 41 and the bending rod 32 can be rotated and unfolded successively, and the user can select the required opening size of the window sash 2 and open the second connecting rod 41 and the first connecting rod in stages, so as to avoid the interference between the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod 41 during rotation. The pretension adjusting part can be a bolt, a torsion spring and other parts, the user changes the acting force required by the user to rotate the first connecting rod by adjusting the pretension of the pretension adjusting part on the first connecting rod, and similarly, the pretension adjusting part used for adjusting the acting force required by the rotation of the second connecting rod 41 is also arranged on the first ejector rod 31, the pretension force on the first connecting rod can be set to be smaller than that of the second connecting rod 41, when the window sash 2 is pushed and pulled, the window sash 2 can rotate around the first ejector rod 31 firstly, when the second connecting rod 41 rotates to the position of the limiting block, the first parallelogram connecting rod part 3 starts to move around the hinge point of the first parallelogram connecting rod part 3 and the window frame 1 until the window sash 2 is completely opened.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The casement window provided by the invention is described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The casement window is characterized by comprising a window frame (1) and a window sash (2), wherein a first parallelogram connecting rod part (3) is hinged on the window frame (1), a second parallelogram connecting rod part (4) is hinged between a first ejector rod (31) of the first parallelogram connecting rod part (3) and the window sash (2), and the first parallelogram connecting rod part (3) and the second parallelogram connecting rod part (4) are used for driving the window sash (2) to be opened or closed in a translation manner; the first parallelogram connecting rod part (3) comprises two first connecting rods which are oppositely arranged and synchronously rotate, one end of each of the two first connecting rods is hinged with the window frame (1), and the other end of each of the two first connecting rods is hinged with the first ejector rod (31); the first connecting rod comprises a bending rod (32) used for avoiding a vertical beam of the window frame (1) and a straight rod (33) which is opposite to the bending rod (32) and rotates synchronously.
2. Casement window according to claim 1, characterised in that the frame (1) is provided with a first fixing bar for hinging with the first link.
3. Casement window according to claim 2, characterised in that the second parallelogram link (4) comprises two second links (41) hinged to the first top bar (31) respectively and a second fixing bar (42) arranged on the sash (2) for hinging with the second links (41).
4. The casement window according to claim 3, wherein the bent lever (32) is provided with a stopper for restricting the rotation of the second link (41).
5. Casement window according to claim 4, characterised in that the first fixing rod is connected with the frame (1) by means of a first bolt and the second fixing rod (42) is connected with the sash (2) by means of a second bolt.
6. The casement window according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first link is connected to the window frame (1) through a rotating shaft, and a pretension adjusting portion for adjusting an acting force required for rotating the first link is provided on the rotating shaft.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910446173.9A CN110130789B (en) | 2019-05-27 | 2019-05-27 | Casement window |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910446173.9A CN110130789B (en) | 2019-05-27 | 2019-05-27 | Casement window |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110130789A CN110130789A (en) | 2019-08-16 |
| CN110130789B true CN110130789B (en) | 2021-01-26 |
Family
ID=67581864
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910446173.9A Active CN110130789B (en) | 2019-05-27 | 2019-05-27 | Casement window |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110130789B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112421429A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-26 | 安徽信息工程学院 | Electrical switch cabinet |
| CN113445225B (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2022-05-24 | 厦门铭潮工贸有限公司 | Computerized embroidery machine |
| CN113513246B (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2022-04-01 | 宜兴市诚鑫辐射防护器材有限公司 | Radiation-proof concrete shield door and construction process thereof |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1584096B1 (en) * | 1965-07-17 | 1971-06-24 | Gretsch Unitas Gmbh | Swivel device for rotatable and parallel parts, e.g. Windows, doors, lids or the like. |
| JP2008240489A (en) * | 2007-03-29 | 2008-10-09 | Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd | Admission port and rescue entrance |
| KR101491240B1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2015-02-11 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Invisible Sliding Door Link Structrue |
| CN108331496A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-07-27 | 佛山市高明区杨和金属材料专业镇技术创新中心 | It is opened flat window outside one kind is horizontally movable |
| CN208184555U (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-12-04 | 青岛青城建工集团有限公司 | A kind of metal window integrally opened and closed |
-
2019
- 2019-05-27 CN CN201910446173.9A patent/CN110130789B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110130789A (en) | 2019-08-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110130789B (en) | Casement window | |
| EP2778316B1 (en) | Retractable awnings | |
| EP1612355A2 (en) | Disappearing hinging device for windows and doors with wing and swivel wing opening | |
| CN104712227B (en) | Three dimensions folding door | |
| JPS60242288A (en) | Foldable step ladder | |
| US2241179A (en) | Projection lamp | |
| CN203742391U (en) | Side-hung folding door | |
| CN206766141U (en) | Front wall outer panel component and the vehicle using the component | |
| CN206530216U (en) | A kind of bifold doors row | |
| JP5069422B2 (en) | Folding door device | |
| CN214941808U (en) | Folding mechanism | |
| US1768173A (en) | Door-operating device | |
| CN210564133U (en) | Folding door of special cabin of helicopter | |
| CN210888614U (en) | No-track folding door | |
| JPH0444797Y2 (en) | ||
| CN103726753B (en) | Vertical hinged folding door | |
| CN204960681U (en) | Put aside integral type window body structure | |
| CN214905085U (en) | Folding mechanism | |
| CN216767072U (en) | Upper suspension supporting structure of fireproof smoke exhaust window and suspension window | |
| CN215804094U (en) | Horizontal outward-opening turnover window | |
| JPS5825117Y2 (en) | Window door lift operation device for inward opening windows | |
| JPH031967Y2 (en) | ||
| CN208480924U (en) | A kind of section space-efficient folding bed | |
| JP2001107660A (en) | Airtight device for open-close door | |
| JPS6316474Y2 (en) |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |