CN110126679A - A kind of acquisition methods of fuel cell best operating point - Google Patents
A kind of acquisition methods of fuel cell best operating point Download PDFInfo
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- CN110126679A CN110126679A CN201910407096.6A CN201910407096A CN110126679A CN 110126679 A CN110126679 A CN 110126679A CN 201910407096 A CN201910407096 A CN 201910407096A CN 110126679 A CN110126679 A CN 110126679A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of acquisition methods of fuel cell best operating point, comprising the following steps: step S1: the power coordination between building fuel cell and auxiliary power source distributes majorized function；Step S2: the state-of-charge of the health status of fuel cell, flash-over characteristic and auxiliary power source calculates the minimum value of power coordination distribution majorized function in real time, and the optimal power contribution for meeting vehicle dynamic quality requirement and input and output optimal fuel cell and auxiliary power source is obtained with this；Step S3: building voltage and current double closed-loop DC to DC converter；Step S4: the optimal power contribution of fuel cell and auxiliary power source calculates fuel cell and most preferably exports electric current and busbar voltage, the reference value as Double closed-loop of voltage and current；Obtained fuel cell: most preferably being exported electric current and busbar voltage input voltage and input current Double-closed loop direct-current/DC converter by step S5, realizes the control to fuel cell best operating point, maximizes fuel cell input-output ratio.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the energy of hybrid vehicle to distribute control field, and in particular to a kind of fuel cell best effort
The acquisition methods of point.
Background technique
New substitution performance is begun look for along with increasingly exhausted and its pollution to environment, the people of fossil energy
Source, such as solar energy, nuclear energy, Hydrogen Energy etc. start gradually to start to occur and apply.Fuel cell relies on its energy conservation and environmental protection feature,
And because it possesses the advantages that energy conversion efficiency is high, course continuation mileage is long, fuel adding is rapid, it is considered to be substitution fossil energy at present
The power generating device for vehicle of source electrode tool prospect.
However fuel cell is applied when on fuel cell-auxiliary power source hybrid vehicle as power supply device, by
In the change dramatically of vehicle operational mode, how the power of optimal distribution fuel cell, be always to annoying all circles scholar
With the research staff of fuel cell energy management system.When the distribution power of fuel cell is excessive, due to fuel battery power
The discharge characteristic of low-response, in face of the acute variation of operating condition, the supply that will lead to power changes relative to the demand power of operating condition
Generate hysteresis.When the distribution power of fuel cell is too small, the storage of the high-energy density of fuel cell is not given full play to
Energy performance, is unable to reach auxiliary power source-fuel cell hybrid best fit.At the same time, fuel cell is not having
Carry out being also easy to produce following decline when the work of reasonable operating point: a) there is high potential in cathode, accelerates cathode zone carbon carrier
Corrosion rate.B) battery is chronically at open-circuit voltage, causes the thinning of exchange membrane and the reunion of Pt catalyst.C) frequent voltage
Circulation, causes the dissolution and migration of Pt catalyst.D) it is chronically under high current density, the decaying and Pt that can accelerate exchange membrane are urged
The loss of agent.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of acquisition methods of fuel cell best operating point, automobile exists
In operational process can be optimal take into account fuel cell driving dynamics, economy and durability.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of acquisition methods of fuel cell best operating point, comprising the following steps:
Step S1: the power coordination between building fuel cell and auxiliary power source distributes majorized function；
Step S2: the state-of-charge of the health status of fuel cell, flash-over characteristic and auxiliary power source calculates in real time
Power coordination distributes the minimum value of majorized function, and is obtained with this and meet vehicle dynamic quality requirement and the optimal fuel of input and output
The optimal power contribution of battery and auxiliary power source；
Step S3: building voltage and current double closed-loop DC to DC converter；
Step S4: the optimal power contribution of fuel cell and auxiliary power source calculates fuel cell and most preferably exports electricity
Stream and busbar voltage, the reference value as Double closed-loop of voltage and current；
Step S5: it is double as reference value input voltage and input current that obtained fuel cell is most preferably exported to electric current and busbar voltage
Closed-loop direct/DC converter obtains fuel cell best operating point.
Further, the power coordination distribution majorized function includes power coordination distribution majorized function YchAnd auxiliary power
Power coordination when source is discharged distributes majorized function Ydis, it is specific as follows:
In formula, PV,disIt discharges for auxiliary power source and travels demand power；PV,chFor auxiliary power source charging traveling demand function
Rate；PFCFor fuel battery power；IFCFor fuel cell output current；ηmFor the mechanical efficiency of driving motor；ηdaFor direct current/friendship
Flow inverter efficiency；ηFCFor the energy efficiency of fuel cell；ηddFor DC to DC converter efficiency；ηchFor auxiliary power source
Charge efficiency；ηdisFor the discharging efficiency of auxiliary power source；SOC is the state-of-charge of auxiliary power source；ΔPFCWith Δ IFCFor combustion
Expect that battery realtime power and current change quantity are distinguished；δ1With δ2For (Δ PFC)2With (Δ IFC)2Weighting coefficient.
Further, the power coordination distribution majorized function between the fuel cell and auxiliary power source is according to combustion
Expect that the state-of-charge of the health status of battery, discharge characteristic and auxiliary power source calculates power coordination distribution majorized function in real time
Ych、YdisMinimum value, corresponding fuel cell optimizes power P at this timeFCWith auxiliary power source optimization power PauxAs determine
Optimal power contribution PFC,op,Paux,op。
Further, the voltage and current double closed-loop DC to DC converter includes outer loop control and inner loop control, outer ring
Output voltage by controlling DC to DC converter determines DC bus-bar voltage, and inner ring passes through control fuel cell output electricity
Stream, so that the output power of fuel cell is controlled, to realize the control to fuel cell best operating point.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
Present invention can ensure that fuel cell has enough power under the operating condition, driving environment at each moment
Property, the long-term running economy of fuel cell and durability are combined, ensures the work of fuel cell efficiently, economic, safe.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is structure of the invention schematic diagram；
Fuel cell best operating point power distribution decoupling controller principle when Fig. 2 is auxiliary power source of the present invention electric discharge
Figure；
Fuel cell best operating point power distribution decoupling controller principle when Fig. 3 is auxiliary power source of the present invention charging
Figure；
In figure: PV,disSystem demand power, H when-auxiliary power source is in discharge modeP- fuel cell health shape
State, VDC- DC-DC converter output voltage, VDC,ref- DC-DC converter output voltage reference value, IFC- fuel
Cell output current (that is: DC-DC converter input current), IFC,ref- fuel cell output current reference value is (that is: straight
Stream-DC converter input current reference value), PFC,op- fuel cell optimal allocation power, Paux,op- auxiliary power source is best
Distribution power, ηdisIaux- auxiliary power source and its discharging efficiency, PV,ch- auxiliary power source is in system when charge mode
Demand power, HP- fuel cell health status, Vaux- auxiliary power source charging voltage, Vaux,ref- auxiliary power source charging electricity
Press reference value, IFC- fuel cell output current (DC-DC converter input current), IFC,ref- fuel cell output electricity
Flow reference value (that is: DC-DC converter input current), PFC,op- fuel cell optimal power contribution, Paux,op- auxiliary is dynamic
Power source optimal power contribution, ηchIaux- auxiliary power source and its charge efficiency.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Fig. 1 is please referred to, the present invention provides a kind of acquisition methods of fuel cell best operating point, comprising the following steps:
Step S1: the power coordination between building fuel cell and auxiliary power source distributes majorized function；
Step S2: the state-of-charge of the health status of fuel cell, flash-over characteristic and auxiliary power source calculates in real time
Power coordination distributes the minimum value of majorized function, and is obtained with this and meet vehicle dynamic quality requirement and the optimal combustion of input-output ratio
Expect the optimal power contribution of battery and auxiliary power source；
Step S3: building voltage and current double closed-loop DC to DC converter；
Step S4: the optimal power contribution of fuel cell and auxiliary power source calculates fuel cell and most preferably exports electricity
Stream and busbar voltage, the reference value as Double closed-loop of voltage and current；
Step S5: it is double as reference value input voltage and input current that obtained fuel cell is most preferably exported to electric current and busbar voltage
Closed-loop direct/DC converter obtains fuel cell best operating point.
The power coordination between fuel cell and auxiliary power source is constructed in the present embodiment distributes majorized function specifically such as
Under:
(1) input-output ratio and health status target function are established
Accelerate decline, this reality since frequent start-stop, power overload, high current variation etc. will lead to vehicle fuel battery performance
Accumulation type fuel cell input-output ratio of the example building based on factors such as start-stop time, current changing rate and overload powers is applied to refer to
Target statistical models divide runing time interval in conjunction with the driving cycle data of fuel cell, construct input-output ratio letter
Number, modeling process are as follows:
When fuel cell since coming into operation completely new state to teWhen single in a time interval Δ t after the moment
Between interval in input and output function EbIs defined as:
In formula: PFCFor fuel battery power；JeFor the price of vehicle-mounted unit quantity of electricity；XhFor fuel cell hydrogen consumption rate；Jh
For the price of unit amounts of hydrogen；WconFor the consumption power of fuel cell auxiliary system；fwFor single shot fuel battery maintenance at
This.
With fuel cell health status index HpThe health status of quantitative description fuel cell, when setting fuel cell is completely new
HpValue is equal to " 1 ", and the H when input and output function is 0pValue is equal to 0, because fuel cell start-stop time is more, curent change
Rate is bigger, overload power is bigger, and the deterioration of fuel cell health status is faster, therefore HpIs defined as:
In formula: Δ PoOverload quantity for fuel cell output power relative to rated power；For fuel cell output current
Change rate；nosFor fuel cell start-stop time；η1、η2、η3RespectivelyWeighted factor, and all
For positive number.
Input and output function E of the Δ t to each section at timed intervalsbj(j >=1, EbjFor the throwing in each time interval
Enter output) it is counted, and to Ebj" 1 " change is returned to handle:
The related data in all time interval Δ t, joint type (2) and formula (3) are obtained by experiment, utilizes numerical fitting
η is calculated1、η2、η3Value, obtain the complete expression of fuel cell health status.
Since fuel cell is in different health status Hp, different capacity PFCWhen fuel cells convert efficiency and output electric current
Difference, therefore construct the real-time energy conversion efficiency η of fuel cell under specific power requirement, health statusFCWith output electric current IFC
Function it is as follows:
The mode that the functional relation by the operating condition operation data of fuel cell, can carry out polynomial parameters fitting determines
Undetermined coefficient is to obtain ηFCAnd IFCExpression formula.
Fuel cell input-output ratio E is defined by formula (5)ioTo come into operation from completely new state to the throwing of a period of time later
The ratio for entering the sum of output and fuel cell purchase cost, the input-output ratio of fuel cell is assessed with this.
In formula: Cb--- the purchase cost of fuel cell.
(2) design motivation and the optimal coordination control strategy of fuel cell input-output ratio
The input/output function of comprehensive analysis hybrid power system in terms of real-time working and the economiclife period two
Rate makes it meet the power demand of city fuel cell operation.In the energy supply stage, concatenated mode is taken inside auxiliary power source
It is energized, using the flash-over characteristic of auxiliary power source, makes up power caused by the instantaneous variation of operating condition in car running process
Fluctuate and avoid the frequent start-stop of fuel cell；In the stage braked in real time, Working mould in parallel is taken inside auxiliary power source
The energy stores of formula, the excess energy that fuel cell is generated and braking recycling carry out the recycling of energy into auxiliary power source
It recycles, eliminates extreme operating condition and change the adverse effect generated to fuel cell health status and guarantee fuel cell in best function
It works under rate, and extends fuel cell economiclife, specifically,
According to real-time running car/braking power demand, guarantee that whole system Real time Efficiency highest combines fuel
The performance change of battery, power coordination distribution when constructing the charge and discharge of auxiliary power source group between fuel cell and auxiliary power source are excellent
Change function ychWith ydisIt is as follows:
In formula, PV,disIt discharges for auxiliary power source and travels demand power；PV,chFor auxiliary power source charging traveling demand function
Rate；PFCFor fuel battery power；IFCFor fuel cell output current；ηmFor the mechanical efficiency of driving motor；ηdaFor direct current/friendship
Flow inverter efficiency；ηFCFor the energy efficiency of fuel cell；ηddFor DC to DC converter efficiency；ηchFor auxiliary power source
Charge efficiency；ηdisFor the discharging efficiency of auxiliary power source；SOC is the state-of-charge of auxiliary power source；ΔPFCWith Δ IFCFor combustion
Expect that battery realtime power and current change quantity are distinguished；δ1With δ2For (Δ PFC)2With (Δ IFC)2Weighting coefficient.
Further, the power coordination distribution majorized function between the fuel cell and auxiliary power source is according to combustion
Expect that the state-of-charge of the health status of battery, discharge characteristic and auxiliary power source calculates power coordination distribution majorized function in real time
Ych、YdisMinimum value, corresponding fuel cell optimizes power P at this timeFCWith auxiliary power source optimization power PauxAs determine
Optimal power contribution PFC,op,Paux,op。
In this implementation, the design of best operating point power distribution decoupling controller specifically:
To realize the control to best power point allocation strategy in (2), such as Fig. 2, shown in Fig. 3, the present embodiment design is best
Power of operating point distributes decoupling controller, is controlled using voltage and current double closed-loop DC to DC converter power distribution, and decoupling is simultaneously
Tracing Control value and power reference.
As shown in Fig. 2, when auxiliary power source group is in discharge mode and compensates fuel cell-powered power, auxiliary power source
Take concatenated structure in inside.Power coordination between fuel cell and auxiliary power source distributes majorized function ydisIt determines and drives
Dynamic distribution of the demand power between auxiliary power source and fuel cell.Wherein outer ring takes voltage control, controls DC/DC
The output voltage of converter, the output voltage reference value of DC to DC converter is according to the auxiliary power source of internal series-connection structure
Open-circuit voltage determine；Inner ring takes current control, controls the output electric current of fuel cell, the best output electric current of fuel cell
The health status calculating of the best power reference value and fuel cell that can be distributed according to (formula 4) by fuel cell of reference value obtain
It takes, to realize the control to fuel cell best operating point.
As shown in figure 3, working as auxiliary power source is in charge mode recycling braking energy or fuel cell to remain best
When the dump energy that power generates, auxiliary power source uses parallel-connection structure.Power between fuel cell and auxiliary power source
Coordinated allocation majorized function ychDetermine distribution of the driving demand power between auxiliary power source and fuel cell.Wherein, outer ring
Voltage control is taken, the output voltage of DC to DC converter, the output voltage reference value root of DC to DC converter are controlled
It is determined according to the open-circuit voltage of the auxiliary power source of internal parallel structure；Inner ring takes current control, controls the best of fuel cell
Electric current is exported, the best output current reference value of fuel cell can be joined according to (formula 4) by the best power that fuel cell distributes
The health status for examining value and fuel cell calculates acquisition, to realize the control to fuel cell best operating point.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all equivalent changes done according to scope of the present invention patent with
Modification, is all covered by the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of acquisition methods of fuel cell best operating point, which comprises the following steps:
Step S1: the power coordination between building fuel cell and auxiliary power source distributes majorized function；
Step S2: the state-of-charge of the health status of fuel cell, flash-over characteristic and auxiliary power source calculates power in real time
The minimum value of coordinated allocation majorized function, and obtained with this and meet vehicle dynamic quality requirement and the optimal fuel cell of input and output
With the optimal power contribution of auxiliary power source；
Step S3: building voltage and current double closed-loop DC to DC converter；
Step S4: the optimal power contribution of fuel cell and auxiliary power source, calculate fuel cell most preferably export electric current and
Busbar voltage, the reference value as Double closed-loop of voltage and current；
Step S5: obtained fuel cell is most preferably exported to electric current and busbar voltage and is input to that voltage and current is double to be closed as reference value
Ring DC to DC converter obtains fuel cell best operating point.
2. a kind of acquisition methods of fuel cell best operating point according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the power
Coordinated allocation majorized function includes power coordination distribution majorized function YchIt is excellent with power coordination distribution when auxiliary power source electric discharge
Change function Ydis, it is specific as follows:
In formula, PvTo travel demand power；PFCFor fuel battery power；IFCFor fuel cell output current；ηmFor driving motor
Mechanical efficiency；ηdaFor DC/AC inverter efficiency；ηFCFor the energy efficiency of fuel cell；ηddFor DC/DC conversion
Device efficiency；ηchFor the charge efficiency of auxiliary power source；ηdisFor the discharging efficiency of auxiliary power source；SOC is the lotus of auxiliary power source
Electricity condition；ΔPFCWith Δ IFCDistinguish for fuel cell realtime power and current change quantity；δ1With δ2For (Δ PFC)2With (Δ IFC)2
Weighting coefficient.
3. a kind of acquisition methods of fuel cell best operating point according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the step
S2 specifically: the power coordination distribution majorized function between the fuel cell and auxiliary power source is fuel cell
The state-of-charge of health status, discharge characteristic and auxiliary power source calculates power coordination distribution majorized function Y in real timech、YdisMost
Small value, corresponding fuel cell optimizes power P at this timeFC,opWith auxiliary power source optimization power PBAT,opThe best function as determined
Rate distribution.
4. a kind of acquisition methods of fuel cell best operating point according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
S5 specifically: the voltage and current double closed-loop DC to DC converter includes outer loop control and inner loop control, and outer ring passes through control
The output voltage of DC to DC converter determines DC bus-bar voltage, and inner ring is by control fuel cell output current, to control
The output power of fuel cell processed, to realize the control to fuel cell best operating point.
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| CN113022381A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-06-25 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Power self-adaptive control method and system for fuel cell power system |
| CN115140288A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-10-04 | 上海海事大学 | Energy management method for hybrid ship |
| CN115140288B (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2024-04-26 | 上海海事大学 | Energy management method for hybrid power ship |
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