CN110112567B - Method for improving receiving and transmitting isolation of vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar antenna - Google Patents
Method for improving receiving and transmitting isolation of vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN110112567B CN110112567B CN201910296535.0A CN201910296535A CN110112567B CN 110112567 B CN110112567 B CN 110112567B CN 201910296535 A CN201910296535 A CN 201910296535A CN 110112567 B CN110112567 B CN 110112567B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
- H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/525—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between emitting and receiving antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
- H01Q21/12—Parallel arrangements of substantially straight elongated conductive units
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
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- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
A method for improving the receiving and transmitting isolation of a vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar antenna effectively improves the isolation of the receiving and transmitting antenna by controlling the radiation level of an array directional diagram of a receiving and transmitting antenna in an airspace near plus or minus 90 degrees. By adopting a plurality of columns of receiving and transmitting antennas and simultaneously controlling the width of the antenna radiation patch in the receiving and transmitting array direction, the coupling on the space radiation path of the receiving and transmitting antenna is effectively controlled. When the receiving and transmitting are in a single-row form, under the conditions of the same distance and the like, the isolation of the receiving and transmitting antenna is about 35dB, the transmitting adopts double-row transmitting, and the width of the transmitting antenna patches in the array direction is adjusted, so that the isolation of the receiving and transmitting antenna is improved to about 55 dB.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radars and automotive electronics, and relates to a method for improving the receiving and transmitting isolation of a vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar antenna.
Background
The intelligent driving of automobile safety is the hotspot of research in the field of automobile electronics at present, the core device is the radar sensor, and the millimeter wave radar has obvious advantages compared with other sensors such as ultrasonic wave, infrared, laser and the like, and comprises the following steps: the method has the advantages of easy realization of higher distance resolution, no distance blind area, low transmitting power, no weather influence and the like. Thus, millimeter wave radar has also become the primary sensor form for vehicle collision avoidance.
At present, the operating frequency bands of the vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar are allocated to 24GHz and 77 GHz. The existing standard multifunctional chip can realize the functions of the radio frequency and the digital part of the radar, the radar antenna mostly adopts a micro-strip array form, and the combination form of the array is changed according to different angle measuring modes, precision and distance measuring requirements.
The present millimeter wave radar waveform mostly adopts Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave (FMCW) form, and this kind of debugging mode possesses advantages such as big time wide bandwidth product, no ambiguity, working distance far away, nevertheless has certain limitation, and this kind of debugging mode is different from pulse system radar, and its receiver and transmitter are worked simultaneously, so isolation problem (co-channel interference) between the receiving and dispatching is the key factor that influences the radar ability. In the problem of isolation of receiving and transmitting, isolation of a radio frequency chip is certain, and the isolation of receiving and transmitting of an antenna array is the key of radar isolation design.
The prior art mainly aims at improving the isolation degree of a microstrip antenna array by the following methods:
1. the transmitting and receiving antenna distance is increased. The mode is the most direct and the most easily realized mode, according to the electromagnetic wave space transmission formula, when the distance is increased by one wavelength (the electromagnetic wavelength under the working frequency), the loss is increased by about 6dB, and a certain receiving and transmitting isolation index requirement is realized by the mode of continuously increasing the distance between the receiving and transmitting antennas. However, this approach comes at the cost of an unlimited increase in the size of the radar antenna, which is not a significant requirement for compact and compact vehicle-mounted millimeter-wave radars that can be retrofitted in a home car. The vehicle-mounted radar is required to achieve a set isolation requirement under the existing certain volume size.
2. A periodic structure such as an Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) is added between the transmitting and receiving antennas to block surface current between the transmitting and receiving antennas. The first problem is that the isolation can be improved significantly only after the periodic structure of the electromagnetic band gap reaches a certain number of periods (generally, at least 3 to 5 periods), which requires a certain space for the transceiver antenna to arrange enough periodic structures. Secondly, this structure only suppresses the surface waves between the transmitting and receiving antennas, but hardly suppresses any electromagnetic waves radiated from the antenna space. Thirdly, the electromagnetic band gap structure is a resonance structure, is obvious for narrow band frequency singular effect, and is not good for broadband effect.
3. The isolation baffle is added between the receiving and transmitting antennas, so that the surface wave coupling between the receiving and transmitting antennas can be blocked, the space coupling between the receiving and transmitting antennas can be inhibited, and the requirement of large size for increasing the distance between the receiving and transmitting antennas is avoided. However, the effectiveness of the isolation plate is highly related to the protrusion of the isolation plate from the surface of the antenna, and although this way saves the lateral dimension of the radar antenna, the longitudinal dimension of the radar antenna is greatly increased, which is not favorable for the low-profile integration requirement of the millimeter-wave radar. In addition, the isolation plate should be made of metal structure, which will cause uncertain influence on the pattern shape of the transmitting/receiving antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to realize the high-isolation index of the receiving and transmitting of the radar antenna under the design size boundary of the vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar, and provides a method for improving the receiving and transmitting isolation of the vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar antenna.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention uses one-transmitting four-receiving series-fed microstrip array antenna, including dielectric plate, microstrip array antenna, vertical interconnection structure and antenna plate edge floor 12; the dielectric plate comprises two layers of Rogers4350B dielectric layers 3 with the thickness of 0.254mm, one layer of FR4 dielectric layer 4 with the thickness of 0.485mm, two layers of antenna copper-clad layers 1 with the thickness of 0.035mm and two layers of bottom plate copper-clad layers 2 with the thickness of 0.017 mm; the two layers of bottom plate copper-clad layers 2 are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the FR4 dielectric layer 4, the two layers of dielectric layers 3 are respectively clamped on the outer surfaces of the two layers of bottom plate copper-clad layers 2, the outer surfaces of the two layers of dielectric layers 3 are respectively covered with the antenna copper-clad layers 1, and the two layers of antenna copper-clad layers 1 are respectively connected with the radio frequency chip;
the microstrip array antenna adopts 10 radiation patches for center feed, reduces the side lobe of an antenna radiation pattern in a Taylor amplitude weighting mode, is designed according to the 25dB side lobe, and realizes amplitude distribution through the width of a non-radiation edge on the radiation patch;
the radiation level of an airspace near plus or minus 90 degrees between a transmitting antenna directional diagram and a receiving antenna directional diagram in the array direction of the transmitting-receiving antenna is reduced through optimized design, namely the radiation coupling between the receiving antenna 9 and the transmitting antenna 8 is reduced, so that the isolation between the receiving antenna 9 and the transmitting antenna 8 is improved; specifically, the radiation level of a single-row antenna in an airspace around plus or minus 90 degrees of a square diagram above a tangent plane parallel to wx can be controlled by adjusting and increasing the width wx of an antenna radiation patch; wx should not exceed lambda _ g, which is the waveguide wavelength at which the antenna operates in a medium, and which has a relationship with the wavelength in air of lambda/sqrt (er), where lambda is the wavelength in air and er is the relative dielectric constant of the medium; er is the relative dielectric constant of the media including the dielectric constant of the Rogers4350B media and the dielectric constant of the FR4 media; the dielectric constant of the Rogers4350B medium is 3.43-3.53; the dielectric constant of FR4 medium is 4.2-4.7.
Meanwhile, the radiation level of the transmitting antenna 8 and the receiving antenna 9 is further reduced by adopting a multi-column transmitting and/or receiving antenna mode, or the radiation level of the receiving antenna 9 in an airspace near plus or minus 90 degrees of a tangent plane in the arrangement direction of the receiving antenna 9 and the transmitting antenna 8 is further reduced; meanwhile, with the increase of the number of the columns of the transmitting antenna 8 and the receiving antenna 9, the beam width of an antenna directional diagram is correspondingly narrowed in proportion, and the specific requirements of the radar irradiation visual field range in the radar application requirements are considered.
The feed of the single-row center feed microstrip patch antenna should ensure that the phase difference reaching the two adjacent unit feed lines is 180 degrees.
The feed of the single-row center feed microstrip patch antenna should ensure that the phase difference reaching the two adjacent unit feed lines is 180 degrees.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the isolation between the vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar transmitting and receiving antennas is effectively increased by adjusting the width of the radiating patch or adopting a mode of reducing the level of a positive and negative 90-degree accessory directional diagram of the antennas in the transmitting and receiving array direction of a multi-row transmitting and/or receiving antenna. Compared with the mode of increasing the distance between the receiving and transmitting antennas, the method greatly reduces the requirement on the overall size of the radar antenna; compared with a mode of adopting a periodic structure (EBG and the like) to inhibit surface waves between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, the method also avoids a certain minimum quantity required by the effect of the periodic structure, and is also a requirement of a certain size; compared with the mode of additionally arranging the isolation plate between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna, the defect of increasing the longitudinal size of the radar antenna is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a medium of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a transmit antenna structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a directional diagram of the receiving antenna of the present invention in azimuth and elevation at a frequency of 24.2 GHz.
Fig. 5 is a directional diagram of the transmitting antenna of the present invention in azimuth and elevation at a frequency of 24.2 GHz.
Fig. 6 is a graph of the separation between the transmitting and receiving antennas according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 3, the overall size Dx × Dy of the radar antenna array is 73mm × 73mm, and includes 1 transmitting antenna 8 and 4 independent receiving antennas 9. The whole antenna array is attached in an antenna copper-clad layer 1, as shown in FIG. 1;
as shown in fig. 2, the microstrip array antenna 8 is in the form of two columns of 10-element series feeding microstrip patch antennas 5, and the feeding amplitude of each antenna is controlled by adjusting the patch size perpendicular to the vertical direction of the feed line, so as to form taylor amplitude weighting, and thus a 25dB side lobe radiation pattern is obtained.
Each column of 10-element antenna feed points 10 is located between the 5 th element and the 6 th element, and the antenna feed points 10 should satisfy the phase of reaching the 5 th element and the 6 th element so that the phase of the operating frequency is 180 °, and the structure is shown in the antenna feed structure 6 in fig. 2.
The two columns of transmitting antennas 8 are combined to form a feed, the feed point is positioned in the center of the antenna, and the feed point is connected to the back surface of the antenna through a vertical through hole penetrating through two layers of Rogers4350B dielectric layers 3 and one layer of FR4 dielectric layer 4, so that the feed point is conveniently connected with a radio frequency chip on the back surface of the antenna. The via hole period is increased by 5 first and second ground shield posts 7 and 11 around the via hole period to realize vertical transmission of millimeter wave electromagnetic waves between layers, as shown in fig. 2 and 3. The 5 th and 6 th patches in each antenna array are the widest, the width is Wx =4.9mm, the rest patches are weighted according to Taylor 25dB amplitude, the widths are reduced in sequence, the distance between the two antenna arrays for transmitting is Wx =5.98mm, and the distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna is dd =24 mm.
The antenna board edge floor 12 in fig. 3 is the grounding metal around the antenna, for grounding of the radar antenna board, and arranging the mechanical interface.
Fig. 4 shows the azimuth and elevation directional diagrams of the receiving antenna at 24.2GHz frequency in this embodiment, the maximum gain of the receiving antenna reaches 15dBi, the side lobe level is 19dB, and the directional diagram level reaches-7 to-8 dB around phi =0 degrees plus and minus 90 degrees of the tangential directional diagram.
Fig. 5 shows the azimuth and elevation directional diagrams of the transmitting antenna 8 at a frequency of 24.2GHz in this embodiment, the maximum gain of the transmitting antenna reaches 17dBi, the side lobe level is 19dB, and the directional diagram level reaches-15 to-20 dB around the plus and minus 90 degrees of phi =0 degree tangential directional diagram. Therefore, the isolation between the transmitting and receiving antennas can be effectively improved to about 50dB as shown in FIG. 6. And if the transmitting antenna is also realized in a single-column form like the receiving antenna, the isolation is about 35 dB.
Claims (3)
1. A method for improving the receiving and transmitting isolation of a vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: the one-transmitting four-receiving series-fed microstrip array antenna comprises a dielectric plate, a microstrip array antenna, a vertical interconnection structure and an antenna plate edge floor (12); the dielectric plate comprises two layers of Rogers4350B dielectric layers (3) with the thickness of 0.254mm, one layer of FR4 dielectric layer (4) with the thickness of 0.485mm, two layers of antenna copper-clad layers (1) with the thickness of 0.035mm and two layers of bottom plate copper-clad layers (2) with the thickness of 0.017 mm; the two layers of bottom plate copper-clad layers (2) are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the FR4 dielectric layer (4), the two layers of dielectric layers (3) are respectively clamped on the outer surfaces of the two layers of bottom plate copper-clad layers (2), the outer surfaces of the two layers of dielectric layers (3) are respectively covered with the antenna copper-clad layers (1), and the two layers of antenna copper-clad layers (1) are both connected with the radio frequency chip;
the microstrip array antenna adopts 10 radiation patches for center feed, reduces the side lobe of an antenna radiation pattern in a Taylor amplitude weighting mode, is designed according to the 25dB side lobe, and realizes amplitude distribution through the width of a non-radiation edge on the radiation patch;
the radiation level of an airspace near plus or minus 90 degrees between a transmitting antenna directional diagram and a receiving antenna directional diagram in the array direction of the transmitting-receiving antenna is reduced through optimized design, namely the radiation coupling between the receiving antenna (9) and the transmitting antenna (8) is reduced, so that the separation degree between the receiving antenna (9) and the transmitting antenna (8) is improved; specifically, the radiation level of a single-row antenna in an airspace around plus or minus 90 degrees of a square diagram above a tangent plane parallel to wx can be controlled by adjusting and increasing the width wx of an antenna radiation patch; wx should not exceed lambda _ g, which is the waveguide wavelength at which the antenna operates in a medium, and which has a relationship with the wavelength in air of lambda/sqrt (er), where lambda is the wavelength in air and er is the relative dielectric constant of the medium; er is the relative dielectric constant of the media including the dielectric constant of the Rogers4350B media and the dielectric constant of the FR4 media; the dielectric constant of the Rogers4350B medium is 3.43-3.53; the dielectric constant of FR4 medium is 4.2-4.7;
meanwhile, the radiation level of the transmitting antenna (8) and the receiving antenna (9) or the receiving antenna (9) in an airspace with the tangent plane of plus or minus 90 degrees in the arrangement direction of the receiving antenna (9) and the transmitting antenna (8) is further reduced by adopting a mode of adopting a plurality of columns of transmitting and/or receiving antennas; meanwhile, with the increase of the number of the columns of the transmitting antennas (8) and the receiving antennas (9), the beam width of an antenna directional diagram is correspondingly narrowed proportionally, and the specific requirements of the radar irradiation visual field range in the radar application requirements are considered;
the feed of the single-row center feed microstrip patch antenna ensures that the phase difference reaching the two adjacent unit feed lines is 180 degrees; the antenna panel edge floor (12) is the grounding metal around the antenna for grounding of the radar antenna panel and arranging mechanical interfaces.
2. The method for improving the receiving and transmitting isolation of the vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: the microstrip array antenna (8) adopts a form of two columns of 10-element series feeding microstrip patch antennas (5), and the feeding amplitude of each antenna is controlled by adjusting the patch size vertical to the feeder line vertical direction so as to form Taylor amplitude weighting, so that a 25dB side lobe radiation directional diagram is obtained.
3. The method for improving the receiving and transmitting isolation of the vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: each 10-element antenna feed point 10 is positioned between the 5 th unit and the 6 th unit, and the antenna feed point 10 meets the condition that the phases of reaching the 5 th unit and the 6 th unit meet the condition that the phase of the working frequency is 180 degrees; the two columns of transmitting antennas (8) are combined to form a feed, the feed point is positioned in the center of the antenna, and the feed point is connected to the back of the antenna through a vertical through hole penetrating through two layers of Rogers4350B dielectric layers (3) and one layer of FR4 dielectric layer (4) so as to be conveniently connected with a radio frequency chip on the back of the antenna; the via hole period is increased by 5 first grounding shielding columns (7) and second grounding shielding columns (11) around the via hole period to realize vertical transmission of millimeter wave electromagnetic waves between layers; the 5 th and 6 th patches in each antenna array are the widest, the width is Wx =4.9mm, the rest patches are weighted according to Taylor 25dB amplitude, the widths are reduced in sequence, the distance between the two antenna arrays for transmitting is Wx =5.98mm, and the distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna is dd =24 mm.
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| CN110581368A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-12-17 | 湖南大学 | Hydrological monitoring radar flat microstrip array antenna and design method thereof |
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| CN111276813A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-06-12 | 北京海兰信数据科技股份有限公司 | Radar antenna |
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| CN112164889B (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2023-04-07 | 南京理工大学 | Low coupling receiving and transmitting antenna based on coplanar compression type electromagnetic band gap structure |
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| CN113471706B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-06-23 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Low sidelobe antenna array with parasitic radiation suppression function |
| CN113725600B (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2024-03-29 | 华中科技大学温州先进制造技术研究院 | MIMO array antenna for millimeter wave automobile radar |
| CN113725601B (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2024-03-29 | 华中科技大学温州先进制造技术研究院 | Multi-view-field array antenna for millimeter wave automobile radar |
| CN115275561A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-11-01 | 昆明理工大学 | High-gain broadband planar antenna and design method thereof |
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| WO2013055272A1 (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-04-18 | Saab Ab | Short range radar system |
| CN206211022U (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2017-05-31 | 北京理工雷科电子信息技术有限公司 | A kind of millimeter-wave automotive radar system micro-strip array antenna |
| CN107275776A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-10-20 | 安徽四创电子股份有限公司 | A kind of SIW gaps crossfeed array antenna system |
| CN109428153A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2019-03-05 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Antenna element, trailer-mounted radar and automobile |
| CN207116689U (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-03-16 | 武汉雷可达科技有限公司 | Corrective network integral antenna and ground security radar equipment |
| CN108987920A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-12-11 | 上海保隆汽车科技股份有限公司 | A kind of back feed type 24GHz millimeter wave array antenna |
| CN208690502U (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-04-02 | 上海莫吉娜智能信息科技有限公司 | Micro-strip array antenna system based on 77GHz millimetre-wave radar |
| CN109326890A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-02-12 | 广州合智瑞达科技有限公司 | A kind of array antenna of angle measurement and circuit board equipped with the array antenna |
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