CN110581368A - Hydrological monitoring radar flat microstrip array antenna and design method thereof - Google Patents
Hydrological monitoring radar flat microstrip array antenna and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
the invention discloses a design method of a hydrologic monitoring radar flat-plate microstrip array antenna, which comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting a substrate material of a microstrip array antenna unit, and obtaining an optimal microstrip array antenna unit by calculating the size of an antenna and optimizing simulation; secondly, a 1 x 8 microstrip linear array antenna model is established by using a Taylor distribution unequal amplitude feeding method, and the requirements of high gain and strong directivity are met by using a quarter-wavelength impedance matching method; and finally, an 8 multiplied by 8 microstrip array antenna is formed by adopting a series-parallel combined feeding mode, so that the feeder loss is reduced and the size of the antenna is reduced on the basis of meeting the requirement of same phase of excitation of each array element. The design method of the hydrologic monitoring radar flat-plate microstrip array antenna greatly improves the directivity of the antenna, correspondingly improves the accuracy of the radar, reduces the size of the whole antenna while obtaining high gain, and realizes the technical characteristics of miniaturization, high gain, large bandwidth, low sidelobe, narrow beam and the like.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a hydrologic monitoring radar flat-plate microstrip array antenna and a design method thereof.
Background
For a long time, the millimeter wave radar sensor is formed by combining discrete components with large volume and complex structure, and the development of the millimeter wave radar sensor in the mass markets of industry, consumer electronics and the like is limited. The transmit-receive antenna at the front end of the radar still has the problems of large volume, high level of side lobe, narrow frequency band and the like at present. Compared with the traditional antenna, the microstrip antenna has the characteristics of small volume, light weight, low profile and easiness in universality, and has the advantages of low cost, easiness in integration and capability of batch production. However, a single microstrip antenna element usually has low gain and poor directivity, and cannot satisfy various characteristics, and a microstrip array antenna is often formed by adopting a serial feed or parallel feed mode to meet high index requirements. Therefore, in the radar sensor, the performance indexes of the antenna in all aspects can be further improved by adopting a micro-strip array antenna form, the technical problems of miniaturization, low cost, low power consumption and the like are solved, and the radar sensor is better suitable for the fields of radar detection, electronic communication and the like.
The microstrip array antenna with the working frequency band of 24GHz not only has the common advantages of the microstrip antenna, but also has the unique advantages of short wavelength, wide frequency band, small volume, strong anti-interference performance and good propagation characteristic. Therefore, the hydrological monitoring radar formed by arranging the micro-strip array antenna of the frequency band at the front end has the characteristics of small volume, high integration degree, sensitive induction and the like. In recent years, the 24GHz radar sensor has made great progress in object detection and tracking, safety monitoring and automobile anti-collision systems, and a new innovative wave is started; more specifically, the 24GHz radar sensor is mainly applied to three aspects of speed measurement, distance measurement and collision avoidance, and compared with other detection modes such as ultrasonic waves, images and optics, the 24GHz radar sensor has the advantages of better anti-interference characteristic, beam directivity, higher sensitivity and the like. At present, through searching documents, research directions are mainly focused on the application of the method to the aspects of an automobile collision avoidance system, a vital sign monitoring system and the like, and the documents and the data in the aspect of water flow monitoring are less. Meanwhile, as the urban construction speed is increased and the environmental problems are increasingly emphasized, new requirements are provided for the water flow monitoring radar applied to the fields of water conservancy and natural resource management, urban pipe network remote watching and the like.
A telemetry terminal and a water resource monitoring system (publication No. CN208506958U, published japanese 20190215) are disclosed in the prior art document, in which "an internet communication antenna apparatus (111b) is a microstrip array antenna for communicating with a public network base station and transmitting and receiving internet communication signals", and a structure of the microstrip array antenna is disclosed, which is a conventional structure of the prior art.
Because the gain effect of the existing microstrip array antenna is insufficient, the frequency band is narrow, the level of the side lobe is high, and the performance of the microstrip array antenna directly influences the technical index level and the efficiency of the hydrologic monitoring radar product, the technical index level and the efficiency of the existing hydrologic monitoring radar product need to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
the invention aims to provide a hydrological monitoring radar flat micro-strip array antenna which is small in size, high in gain, wide in frequency band and low in sidelobe level and a design method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a design method of a hydrologic monitoring radar flat-plate microstrip array antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps:
S1, selecting a substrate material of the microstrip array antenna unit, and obtaining the best microstrip array antenna unit by calculating the antenna size and optimizing simulation;
S2, creating a 1 x 8 microstrip linear array antenna model by using a Taylor distribution unequal amplitude feeding method, and meeting the requirements of high gain and strong directivity by using a quarter-wavelength impedance matching method;
S3, forming an 8 x 8 microstrip array antenna by adopting a series-parallel combined feeding mode, reducing the feeder loss and reducing the size of the antenna on the basis of meeting the requirement of same phase of excitation of each array element.
as a further description, the microstrip array antenna unit in S1 includes an antenna patch unit and a dielectric substrate, where the dielectric substrate is a Rogers 4350B dielectric substrate with a thickness of 0.508mm, a dielectric constant of 3.66, and a loss tangent of 0.004; the antenna patch unit is a rectangular patch, the initial size of the rectangular patch is calculated according to a transmission line model method and a resonant cavity model method, the rectangular patch is fed in a side feed mode, a groove is formed in the contact position of a feeder line and the radiation edge of the rectangular patch to adjust impedance matching, and the groove depth is 1/3 patch lengths L.
For further explanation, the 1 × 8 microstrip line array antenna model in S2 is a centrosymmetric resonant microstrip series-fed array composed of 8 microstrip array antenna units; spacing between two adjacent microstrip array antenna unitsthe distance d is selected to enable each unit to be excited in the same phase and inhibit grating lobe formation; a Taylor distribution method is adopted, namely the sidelobe levels are distributed in a tapered mode from near to far through discrete unequal-amplitude excitation, and the unequal-amplitude excitation corresponds to unequal-amplitude current distribution; by a quarter-wavelength impedance matching method, a transformation section is added on the main feed line, and the ratio of the impedance of each section to the impedance of the main transmission line is adjusted to realize current distribution; according to the equivalent circuit principle, the impedance corresponding to each section is obtained as Z1: z2: z3= 81.87: 64.58: 54.97 of the total weight of the powder; the width of the matching section corresponding to Z4 is usually optimized by simulation design; the impedance values are converted by TXLINE software to obtain the width corresponding to each impedance matching section.
For further explanation, the 8 × 8 microstrip array antenna in S3 is an 8 × 8 symmetric microstrip array antenna formed by equivalent 1 × 8 microstrip linear array antennas as an array element and 8 rows of 1 × 8 microstrip linear array antennas connected in parallel, and the center of the array is coaxially fed by using a 50 Ω center; as can be seen from theory, if the number of elements is doubled and the antenna gain is increased by about 3dBi, it can be roughly inferred that the gain of an 8 × 8 microstrip array antenna is about 21dBi, excluding the feed loss.
For further explanation, the 8 × 8 microstrip array antenna in S3 adopts taylor distribution with a single side of 4 microstrip array antenna units, the longitudinal quarter-wavelength impedance value is substantially the same as that of the 1 × 8 microstrip array antenna, an impedance transformation section is added near the coaxial feed hole to improve the impedance matching degree of the whole antenna, and the width of the section is obtained through optimization and is 0.85 mm; and by optimizing the antenna structure, the near resonance frequency points are increased, and the purpose of greatly expanding the frequency bandwidth is realized.
By the antenna design method, the hydrologic monitoring radar flat plate microstrip array antenna is characterized in that: the size of the whole antenna is 56mm multiplied by 0.508mm, the gain of the 8 multiplied by 8 microstrip array antenna is 22dBi, the E-surface 3dB beam width of the 8 multiplied by 8 microstrip array antenna is 14.8 degrees, the H-surface 3dB beam width of the 8 multiplied by 8 microstrip array antenna is 14.2 degrees, the E-surface side lobe level of the 8 multiplied by 8 microstrip array antenna is-24.6 dB, and the H-surface side lobe level of the 8 multiplied by 8 microstrip array antenna is-24.7 dB.
Has the advantages that: the bandwidth of the array antenna is expanded by increasing adjacent resonance points, VSWR <2 is realized at 22.79-24.9GHz, and compared with the bandwidth of the existing antenna of the same type, which is 400-600MHz, the bandwidth is expanded by about 400%; the level of the side lobe is reduced to be lower than-24.5 dB, the directivity of the antenna is greatly improved, and the accuracy of the radar is correspondingly improved; the size of the whole antenna is reduced while high gain is obtained, and the technical characteristics of miniaturization, high gain, large bandwidth, low side lobe, narrow beam and the like are realized.
the explanations in the above regarding terms and prior art components are as follows:
Microstrip antenna: attaching a metal thin layer on one surface of a thin medium substrate as a grounding plate, manufacturing a metal patch with a certain shape on the other surface by using a photoetching method, and feeding the patch by using a microstrip line or a coaxial probe to form the antenna; the antenna can be divided into two types or three types according to structural characteristics, namely a microstrip patch antenna and a microstrip slot antenna, and some documents also comprise a microstrip array antenna and the like. The basic structure of a microstrip patch antenna is that metal patches are attached to an electrically thin, grounded dielectric substrate, and the shapes of the metal patches are different, such as rectangular, circular, annular, pentagonal, etc., and in order to meet the performance required for a particular application, more complex structural changes are usually made on the basic pattern. The microstrip patch antenna has the advantages of low profile, small volume, light weight, easy conformation, low cost, good integration, diversified electrical properties and the like; however, microstrip patch antennas also have some disadvantages that limit their applications, such as narrow impedance bandwidth, poor polarization purity, low radiation efficiency, poor power carrying capability, poor scanning characteristics, and easy excitation of surface waves.
Parameters are as follows: the S parameter is one of S parameters, represents return loss characteristics, and generally a dB value and impedance characteristics of loss of the S parameter are seen by a network analyzer, the parameter is used for representing the transmission efficiency of the antenna, and the larger the value is, the larger the energy reflected by the antenna is, so that the efficiency of the antenna is poorer.
Standing waves: the wave formed by the mutual interference of the incident wave (propulsion wave) and the reflected wave no longer propels (only the antinode vibrates up and down, the node does not move), and is called standing wave.
An antenna directional pattern: also called radiation pattern, far-field pattern, which is a pattern in which the relative field strength of the radiation field changes with direction at a certain distance from the antenna, usually expressed by two mutually perpendicular planar patterns passing through the maximum radiation direction of the antenna; the ultrahigh frequency antenna is generally represented by two planes parallel to a field vector, namely an E plane directional diagram and an H plane directional diagram; in order to compare the directional diagram characteristics of various antennas, some characteristic parameters are required to be specified, wherein the characteristic parameters mainly comprise parameters such as main lobe width, side lobe level and the like; the main lobe width is a physical quantity for measuring the sharpness of the maximum radiation area of the antenna, and the width between two half-power points of the main lobe of an antenna directional diagram is usually taken; the side lobe level is a level of a first side lobe closest to the main lobe and having the highest level, and is generally expressed in decibels.
E face of the antenna: refers to the plane passing through the maximum radiation direction of the antenna and parallel to the electric field vector.
H face of the antenna: refers to the plane passing through the maximum radiation direction of the antenna and parallel to the magnetic field vector.
Beam width: the method comprises the following steps of dividing the beam width into a horizontal beam width and a vertical beam width, wherein the horizontal beam width is an included angle of two directions, namely the horizontal direction and the two sides of the maximum radiation direction, and the radiation power is reduced by 3 dB; the vertical beam width is an included angle of two directions in which the radiation power is reduced by 3dB on two sides of the maximum radiation direction in the vertical direction. In radar meteorology, the beam width is the included angle between two half-power points of a beam and is related to antenna gain, generally, the larger the antenna gain is, the narrower the beam is, and the higher the detection angle resolution is.
antenna gain: it is the ratio of the power density of the signal generated by the actual antenna and the ideal radiating element at the same point in space under the condition of equal input power. The degree of the input power concentrated radiation of an antenna is quantitatively described, the gain has a close relation with an antenna directional pattern, and the narrower the main lobe of the directional pattern is, the smaller the side lobe is, and the higher the gain is; antenna gain is a measure of the ability of an antenna to transmit and receive signals in a particular direction, and is one of the most important parameters for selecting a base station antenna.
Side lobe level: it is the logarithmic value of the ratio of the power density in the maximum radiation direction of the side lobe to the power density in the maximum radiation direction of the main lobe, expressed in dB. The side lobe level is usually higher near the main lobe than far away, so the side lobe level is usually referred to as the first side lobe level. It is generally desirable that the side lobe level be as low as possible.
Software: the microstrip line impedance calculation tool is a microstrip line calculation tool, the tool has a professional microstrip line impedance calculation formula, and a user can obtain a desired result only by inputting the corresponding length and width.
drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a microstrip array antenna unit according to the present invention;
The structure of the microstrip feeder line plug-in feed structure shown in figure 1.1;
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a 1 × 8 microstrip linear array antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of an 8 × 8 microstrip array antenna according to the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a single microstrip array antenna element S11 curve;
FIG. 5 is a standing wave characteristic curve of a single microstrip array antenna unit;
FIG. 6 is a characteristic impedance curve of a single microstrip array antenna element;
Fig. 7 is a two-dimensional directional diagram of a single microstrip array antenna element;
Fig. 8 is a 1 × 8 microstrip linear array antenna S11 curve;
Fig. 9 is a two-dimensional directional diagram of a 1 × 8 microstrip linear array antenna;
fig. 10 is a plot of an 8 × 8 microstrip array antenna S11;
fig. 11 is a standing wave characteristic curve of an 8 × 8 microstrip array antenna;
Fig. 12 is a two-dimensional directional diagram of an 8 × 8 microstrip array antenna;
Fig. 13 is a three-dimensional directional diagram of an 8 × 8 microstrip array antenna.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
example (b):
a design method of a hydrologic monitoring radar flat-plate microstrip array antenna comprises the following steps:
S1, selecting a substrate material of the microstrip array antenna unit, and obtaining the best microstrip array antenna unit by calculating the antenna size and optimizing simulation;
s2, creating a 1 x 8 microstrip linear array antenna model by using a Taylor distribution unequal amplitude feeding method, and meeting the requirements of high gain and strong directivity by using a quarter-wavelength impedance matching method;
s3, forming an 8 x 8 microstrip array antenna by combining series and parallel feeding, reducing feeder loss and reducing antenna size on the basis of meeting the requirement of same phase of excitation of each array element.
further, the structure of the microstrip array antenna unit is shown in fig. 1, the microstrip array antenna unit includes an antenna patch unit and a dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate is a Rogers 4350B dielectric substrate with a thickness of 0.508mm, a dielectric constant of 3.66 and a loss tangent of 0.004; the antenna patch unit is a rectangular patch, the initial size of the rectangular patch is calculated according to a transmission line model method and a resonant cavity model method, and the calculation mode is as follows:
The dielectric substrate material and thickness h and the resonance frequency of the microstrip antenna are determinedThen, the width W of the patch unit can be calculated according to equation 1.1:
Formula 1.1
WhereinThe relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate and the length L of the patch are half of the guide wavelengthminus equivalent extension linenamely, as shown in formula 1.2:
Formula 1.2
whereinis the effective dielectric constant of the dielectric plate, and takes into account the edge stray effect of the microstrip radiating elementCorrected to obtainAs shown in formulas 1.3 and 1.4:
Formula 1.3
（) Formula 1.4
At the moment, the equivalent extension line is calculated by a quasi-static methodAs shown in formula 1.5:
Formula 1.5
The rectangular patch is fed in a side feeding mode, a slot is formed at the contact position of the feeder line and the radiation edge of the rectangular patch to adjust impedance matching, the slot depth is 1/3 patch length L, and the structure diagram of the insertion type feed of the microstrip feeder line shown in figure 1.1 is shown.
further implementation shows that after the structure and size of the antenna patch unit are preliminarily determined, 8 microstrip array antenna units form a 1 × 8 microstrip linear array antenna with central symmetry, and the 1 × 8 microstrip linear array antenna structure is shown in fig. 2; spacing between two adjacent microstrip array antenna unitsThe spacing d must be chosen such that each cell is excited in phaseexciting and suppressing grating lobe formation; a Taylor distribution method is adopted, namely the sidelobe levels are distributed in a tapered mode from near to far through discrete unequal-amplitude excitation, and the unequal-amplitude excitation corresponds to unequal-amplitude current distribution; the specific excitation amplitude distribution calculation mode is as follows:
since the array antenna index requires that the 3dB lobe widths of the E-plane and the H-plane are both 15 °, the calculation is performed according to equation 2.1:
Formula 2.1
After rounding, the number of elements of the E surface and the H surface is 8, and the excitation amplitude expression of each element is 2.2:
Formula 2.2
Wherein,L = Nd; the normalized excitation amplitude distribution of each array element when the side lobe level SLL = -30dB is calculated, as shown in the normalized excitation amplitude distribution table of table 2.3:
| 0.2906 | 0.5287 | 0.8187 | 1 | 1 | 0.8187 | 0.5287 | 0.2906 |
TABLE 2.3
by a quarter-wavelength impedance matching method, a transformation section is added on the main feed line, and the ratio of the impedance of each section to the impedance of the main transmission line is adjusted to realize current distribution; the characteristic impedance value of the quarter-wavelength impedance matching section is calculated in the following way:
based on the circuit and the calculation of the impedance transformation principle, equation 3.1 can be obtained:
Formula 3.1
……
Wherein,from equation 3.1, the excitation current amplitude of the ith patch is determined by the ratiodetermining; let the amplitude of the excitation current of the first patchIs 1A, then formula 3.2 is obtained:
Formula 3.2
further, the relation between the excitation current of each array element and the characteristic impedance of each section of the quarter-wavelength impedance matching section is 3.3:
Formula 3.3
as can be seen from equation 3.3, the characteristic impedance of the main transmission line is determinedThen, the characteristic impedance value of each quarter impedance matching section can be obtained, and the line width of each section of transmission line and the width of the impedance transformation section can be obtained through conversion.
according to the equivalent circuit principle, the impedance corresponding to each section is obtained as Z1: z2: Z3= 81.87: 64.58: 54.97 of the total weight of the powder; the width of the matching section corresponding to Z4 is usually optimized by simulation design; the impedance value is converted by TXLINE software to obtain the width corresponding to each impedance matching section, such as a characteristic impedance and microstrip line width correspondence table of the impedance matching section shown in table 3.4.
| Characteristic impedance () | 70.08 | 81.87 | 64.58 | 54.97 |
| Line width (mm) | 0.648 | 0.47 | 0.756 | 1 |
TABLE 3.4
Further, the 1 × 8 microstrip linear array antenna is equivalent to an array element, 8 rows of 1 × 8 microstrip linear array antennas form an 8 × 8 symmetric microstrip array antenna shown in fig. 3, and the center of the array adopts 50 Ω center coaxial feed; as can be seen from theory, if the number of elements is doubled and the antenna gain is increased by about 3dBi, it can be roughly inferred that the gain of an 8 × 8 microstrip array antenna is about 21dBi, excluding the feed loss.
Further, the 8 × 8 microstrip array antenna in S3 still adopts taylor distribution with 4 microstrip array antenna units on one side, the longitudinal quarter-wavelength impedance value is substantially the same as that of the 1 × 8 microstrip linear array antenna, an impedance transformation segment is added near the coaxial feed hole, so as to improve the impedance matching degree of the whole antenna, and the width of the segment is obtained through optimization and is 0.85 mm; and by optimizing the antenna structure, the near resonance frequency points are increased, thereby realizing the purpose of greatly expanding the frequency bandwidth.
Simulation results and analysis of the examples:
the antenna is calculated and analyzed by using the electromagnetic simulation software HFSS, as shown in a graph of S11 of a single microstrip array antenna unit shown in FIG. 4 and as shown in a graph of standing wave characteristic of a single microstrip array antenna unit shown in FIG. 5, S11 of the antenna at a resonant frequency of 24.7GHz is-43.85 dB, a voltage standing wave ratio VSWR = 1.0129, a patch unit is well matched with feed, the operating frequency of the antenna structure is 24.2GHz-25.2GHz, the relative bandwidth is about 4.0%, and a feed part adopts a 100-ohm feed microstrip line. The impedance characteristic curve of the single microstrip array antenna element shown in FIG. 6 has an input impedance at a center frequency of 24.7GHzthe real part of the impedance of the microstrip array antenna is very close to 100 omega, the imaginary part of the impedance of the microstrip array antenna is relatively small, and the matching between the microstrip array antenna unit antenna and the feed microstrip line is completed to the maximum extent. The two-dimensional pattern of a single microstrip array antenna element as shown in fig. 7 has a maximum radiation direction perpendicular to the patch up, the maximum gain of the antenna for this direction is 6.98dBi, and the 3dB lobe widths for the E-plane and H-plane are 87.36 ° and 79.53 °, respectively.
as shown in the S11 curve of the 1 × 8 microstrip linear array antenna shown in fig. 8, S11 of the 1 × 8 microstrip linear array antenna at 24.7GHz is-47.37 dB, the relative bandwidth is widened from 4.0% to 12.5%, and the feed network realizes efficient feeding for each patch unit. As shown in the two-dimensional directional diagram of the 1 × 8 microstrip linear array antenna shown in fig. 9, the directivity of the H-plane is obviously improved, the beam width of 3dB is reduced to 8.52 ° from the original 79.53 °, the directivity is obviously enhanced, and the gain is increased to 13.62 dBi.
The 8 × 8 microstrip array antenna S11 curve shown in fig. 10 and the 8 × 8 microstrip array antenna standing wave characteristic curve shown in fig. 11 have a voltage standing wave ratio VSWR =1.03 at the central frequency point of 24GHz, have good standing wave characteristics, realize S11< -10dB in a frequency band of 22.79-24.9GHz, have two resonant frequency points, and have a bandwidth of 2.11GHz, which is expanded by about 400% compared with the bandwidth of 400 + 600MHz of the same type antenna in the prior art. As shown in fig. 12, the two-dimensional directional diagram of the 8 × 8 microstrip array antenna is shown in fig. 13, and as shown in the three-dimensional directional diagram of the 8 × 8 microstrip array antenna, the beam widths of 3dB on the E plane and the H plane are 14.8 ° and 14.2 °, respectively, the gain is increased to 22dBi, and the sidelobe levels are-24.6 dB and-24.7 dB, respectively, so that the microstrip array antenna has good directivity, and realizes high gain, narrow lobe and low sidelobe levels.
Claims (6)
1. A design method of a hydrologic monitoring radar flat-plate microstrip array antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps:
S1, selecting a substrate material of the microstrip array antenna unit, and obtaining the best microstrip array antenna unit by calculating the antenna size and optimizing simulation;
S2, creating a 1 x 8 microstrip linear array antenna model by using a Taylor distribution unequal amplitude feeding method, and meeting the requirements of high gain and strong directivity by using a quarter-wavelength impedance matching method;
S3, forming an 8 x 8 microstrip array antenna by adopting a series-parallel combined feeding mode, reducing the feeder loss and reducing the size of the antenna on the basis of meeting the requirement of same phase of excitation of each array element.
2. The design method of the hydrological monitoring radar flat microstrip array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: the microstrip array antenna unit in the S1 comprises an antenna patch unit and a dielectric substrate, wherein the dielectric substrate is a Rogers 4350B dielectric substrate with the thickness of 0.508mm, the dielectric constant of 3.66 and the loss tangent of 0.004; the antenna patch unit is a rectangular patch, the initial size of the rectangular patch is calculated according to a transmission line model method and a resonant cavity model method, the rectangular patch is fed in a side feed mode, a groove is formed in the contact position of a feeder line and the radiation edge of the rectangular patch to adjust impedance matching, and the groove depth is 1/3 patch lengths.
3. The design method of the hydrological monitoring radar flat microstrip array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: the 1 × 8 microstrip linear array antenna model in the S2 is a centrosymmetric resonant microstrip series-fed array composed of 8 microstrip array antenna units; adjacent to each otherspacing of two microstrip array antenna elementsthe distance d is selected to enable each unit to be excited in the same phase and inhibit grating lobe formation; a Taylor distribution method is adopted, namely the sidelobe levels are distributed in a tapered mode from near to far through discrete unequal-amplitude excitation, and the unequal-amplitude excitation corresponds to unequal-amplitude current distribution; by a quarter-wavelength impedance matching method, a transformation section is added on the main feed line, and the ratio of the impedance of each section to the impedance of the main transmission line is adjusted to realize current distribution; according to the equivalent circuit principle, the impedance corresponding to each section is obtained as Z1: z2: z3= 81.87: 64.58: 54.97 of the total weight of the powder; the width of the matching section corresponding to Z4 is usually optimized by simulation design; the impedance values are converted by TXLINE software to obtain the width corresponding to each impedance matching section.
4. the design method of the hydrological monitoring radar flat microstrip array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: the 8 × 8 microstrip array antenna in the S3 is an 8 × 8 symmetrical microstrip array antenna formed by connecting 8 rows of 1 × 8 microstrip linear array antennas in parallel, and the center of the array adopts 50 Ω center coaxial feed; as can be seen from theory, if the number of elements is doubled and the antenna gain is increased by about 3dBi, it can be roughly inferred that the gain of an 8 × 8 microstrip array antenna is about 21dBi, excluding the feed loss.
5. The design method of the hydrological monitoring radar flat microstrip array antenna according to claim 4, wherein: the 8 × 8 microstrip array antenna in the S3 adopts taylor distribution with 4 microstrip array antenna units on one side, the longitudinal quarter-wavelength impedance value is approximately the same as that of the 1 × 8 microstrip linear array antenna, an impedance transformation section is added near the coaxial feed hole to improve the impedance matching degree of the whole antenna, and the width of the section is optimized to be 0.85 mm; and by optimizing the antenna structure, the near resonance frequency points are increased, and the frequency bandwidth is greatly expanded.
6. The hydrological monitoring radar flat microstrip array antenna designed according to the method of claim 5, characterized in that: the size of the whole antenna is 56mm multiplied by 0.508mm, the gain of the 8 multiplied by 8 microstrip array antenna is 22dBi, the E-surface 3dB beam width of the 8 multiplied by 8 microstrip array antenna is 14.8 degrees, the H-surface 3dB beam width of the 8 multiplied by 8 microstrip array antenna is 14.2 degrees, the E-surface side lobe level of the 8 multiplied by 8 microstrip array antenna is-24.6 dB, and the H-surface side lobe level of the 8 multiplied by 8 microstrip array antenna is-24.7 dB.
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