CN106486786A - A kind of series feed microstrip antenna of the low-sidelobe level of non-homogeneous array element distance - Google Patents
A kind of series feed microstrip antenna of the low-sidelobe level of non-homogeneous array element distance Download PDFInfo
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- CN106486786A CN106486786A CN201610880562.9A CN201610880562A CN106486786A CN 106486786 A CN106486786 A CN 106486786A CN 201610880562 A CN201610880562 A CN 201610880562A CN 106486786 A CN106486786 A CN 106486786A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of series feed microstrip antenna of the low-sidelobe level of non-homogeneous array element distance, is to be input into beam angle, array element size and array element distance as constraints, the spacing of the bay obtained using differential evolution algorithm optimization and relative amplitude.The series feed microstrip antenna of the present invention compares series feed microstrip antenna at equal intervals, with lower minor level and narrower beam angle.And, the conversion between the minor level of antenna and beam angle can be realized using differential evolution algorithm.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is based on a kind of widely used at present series feed microstrip antenna structure, using differential evolution algorithm
(Differential Evolution Algorithm, DEA) optimizes the spacing of array element and width, belongs to antenna technical field.
Background technology
Antenna is the important component part of mobile radio system and radar system.Radio communication and the quick of radar send out
Exhibition, produces active demand to small volume, low cost, high-gain and antenna easy of integration.Microstrip antenna has easily conformal, easy collection
Become, various polarization and multiband is easily obtained the advantages of work.And parallel-fed array compared by the antenna array of series feed structure, structure is tighter
Gather, volume is less.Minor level is a highly important parameter of antenna.Existing series feed microstrip antenna array, general utilization
The classical Distribution Algorithm such as Chebyshev's distribution, Taylor's distribution, are distributed using the taper of array element amplitude, adjust the width of array element, real
The now suppression to minor level.But the mutual restricting relation due to minor level and beam angle in theory, is difficult to realize full
While obtaining compared with low-sidelobe level, especially in the case of limited element number of array in the case of sufficient narrow beam.And in many
In specific communication, radar system, need to realize very low minor level under conditions of beam angle index is not sacrificed.
Content of the invention
Goal of the invention：In order that series feed microstrip antenna realizes lower minor level, in addition to array element adjustable amplitude, battle array is added
First spacing as one group of new adjustable parameter, so as to realize between the non-homogeneous array element more excellent than equidistantly series feed microstrip antenna performance
Away from series feed microstrip antenna.The present invention adopts DEA optimized algorithm, provides a kind of non-homogeneous array element distance based on theoretical optimization
Series feed microstrip antenna.The antenna of the present invention can realize lower minor level, and the radiation characteristic of antenna compare existing
Equidistantly series feed microstrip antenna does not deteriorate.
Technical scheme：The series feed microstrip antenna of the low-sidelobe level based on non-homogeneous array element distance that the present invention is provided, has
Spaced apart rectangular microstrip antenna array element, array element amplitude become as second group of optimization as one group of optimized variable, array element distance
Amount, sets up pattern function, using differential evolution algorithm, obtains the optimal value of array element distance and amplitude, in the wave beam width for requiring
In the range of degree, the optimum minor level solution for meeting engineering constraints is found.
Specifically, the differential evolution algorithm simplifies and deforms reason from the radiation function of single rectangular microstrip antenna
By antenna pattern function, the antenna pattern function suitable for any number of array element linear arrays is obtained.
In antenna pattern function, equidistantly series feed microstrip antenna linear array is compared, so spacing is adjustable between array element, be increased
Optimizable scope, while consider the size of rectangular microstrip antenna, attainable array element distance etc.
Need, in the function for optimizing, while embodying minor level information and beam angle information, to ask in optimization in description
Minor level and 3dB beam angle is taken into account during solution, first determines that the beam angle of requirement, as constraints, is meeting ripple
Optimal solution is found in the solution of beam width.
During DEA algorithm optimization, it is contemplated that attainable array element distance, amplitude size in engineering, can be real
Existing array element distance and amplitude size add algorithm optimization as constraints.
Specifically, single array element width and length are calculated by approximate formula, and carry out simulation optimization；In array, cone
Cut the amplitude distribution that the length of the array element of distribution provides by differential evolution algorithm to determine.Design array element distance is unequal series feed micro-
Band antenna array, according to the micro-strip line length and bending number of times of different spacer conditions reasonable selection dielectric constants or connection array element,
There is optimization so that antenna performance reaches optimum by electromagnetic simulation software.
Inventive principle：The present invention passes through DEA optimized algorithm, finds in the range of the beam angle for requiring, meets engineering about
The optimum minor level solution of bundle condition.
In antenna array, array element distance is unequal, and final antenna model is realized with series feed form, main including coaxial spy
The microstrip line of pin feed port, rectangular microstrip antenna array element and connection array element.
By adjusting the length of microstrip line so that the phase place of each array element is identical；For different array element distance, using not
The cabling mode of same microstrip line.
DEA optimized algorithm includes the pattern function that multiple subfunctions that principal function, principal function call and needs optimize,
In the pattern function that principal function and needs optimize, it is considered to the constraints such as array element width, array element distance, relative amplitude size.
Multiple subfunctions that principal function is called directly can be obtained from related MATLAB tool box.The solution that algorithm is given is actual series feed micro-
Feasible reliability in band Antenna Design.
Antenna model includes fed by coaxial probe port, rectangular microstrip antenna array element, the microstrip line of connection array element and day
Ground via of line end etc..
The size of bay is relevant with operating frequency and distribution of amplitudes.Single array element width and length can be by approximate formulas
Calculate and carry out simulation optimization acquisition；In array, the amplitude distribution that the length of the array element of taper distribution is given by DEA is determined
Fixed.
The length of microstrip line is relevant with operating frequency and array element distance, is realized 360 ° between array element by adjusting micro-strip line length
Or 720 ° of phase difference, it is ensured that phase place is consistent at the operating frequencies for all array elements.
Beneficial effect：Compared with existing equidistantly series feed microstrip antenna, the invention has the advantages that：
1) lower minor level and narrower beam angle can be realized.New excellent as one group due to adding spacing
Change parameter, the uniform series feed microstrip antenna only with amplitude as variable is compared, optimizable scope increases, antenna side lobe level performance
More preferably.
2) array element distance flexibly, is not limited by sheet material dielectric constant.Existing series feed microstrip antenna element spacing is generally
One medium wavelength or so.The present invention adopts non-directional cabling mode, and array element distance is unrestricted within the specific limits.
3) beneficial effect 1 is being realized) in the case of, other radiances of antenna can still keep.
4) DEA principal function is applied widely, can optimize different element number of array, the antenna of different beams width requirement.Theoretical
Optimize consideration engineering constraints, realizability is strong.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is DEA algorithm flow chart in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is DEA algorithm model figure in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is ten array element constant amplitudes equidistantly series feed microstrip antenna illustraton of model；
Fig. 4 is the series feed microstrip antenna illustraton of model of the non-homogeneous array element distance of ten array element constant amplitudes of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the ten array elements not equidistant series feed microstrip antenna illustraton of model of constant amplitude；
Fig. 6 is the ten array elements not series feed microstrip antenna illustraton of model of the non-homogeneous array element distance of constant amplitude of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the side view of inventive antenna；
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram that the minor level of the present invention changes with frequency；
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram that the gain of the present invention changes with frequency；
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram that the return loss of the present invention changes with frequency；
Figure 11 is that the series feed microstrip antenna of the non-homogeneous array element distance of ten array element constant amplitudes of the present invention and ten array element constant amplitudes are equidistant
Series feed microstrip antenna, the E face at 9.0GHz emulate directional diagram；
Figure 12 is that the series feed microstrip antenna of the non-homogeneous array element distance of ten array element constant amplitudes of the present invention and ten array element constant amplitudes are equidistant
Series feed microstrip antenna, the H face at 9.0GHz emulate directional diagram；
Figure 13 is the ten array elements not series feed microstrip antenna of the non-homogeneous array element distance of constant amplitude and ten array elements not constant amplitude etc. of the present invention
The series feed microstrip antenna of spacing, the E face at 9.0GHz emulate directional diagram；
Figure 14 is the ten array elements not series feed microstrip antenna of the non-homogeneous array element distance of constant amplitude and ten array elements not constant amplitude etc. of the present invention
The series feed microstrip antenna of spacing, the H face at 9.0GHz emulate directional diagram；
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is further elucidated with, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention
Rather than limit the scope of the present invention, after the present invention has been read, various equivalences of the those skilled in the art to the present invention
The modification of form all falls within the application claims limited range.
The design of the series feed microstrip antenna of this non-homogeneous array element distance is divided into two parts, DEA algorithm optimization and antenna model
Design.Antenna is finally processed using printed circuit board (PCB) (Printed Circuit Board, PCB) technique.
Model includes：(1) rectangular microstrip antenna；(2) connect the microstrip line of array element；(3) distributing point；(4) sub-miniature A connector positioning
Hole；(5) grounded metal via；(6) metal ground；(7) medium.
E face pattern function (relative coordinate system uov) in single rectangular patch far field as shown in Figure 2 follows following public affairs
Formula：
Wherein, β is phase constant, and W is the length of rectangular microstrip antenna, and L is the width of rectangular microstrip antenna, and h is medium
The thickness of substrate, εrIt is the dielectric constant of medium, LeAnd εreIt is equivalent width and effective dielectric constant respectively, andIt is and Z axis
Angle.
Under most project situation, (formula 1) can be reduced to
Due to actual rectangular microstrip antenna non-point source, the antenna pattern of the present invention is from the radiation of single microstrip antenna
Directional diagram sets out, assume in theoretical calculation that the length and width of all array elements are identical (to general h value,Change to L is relative
Sensitivity, and relative insensitivity is changed to W), obtain the E face pattern function of approximate linear array：
In (formula 5), the implication of parameter is respectively, 2N element number of array, EiAmplitude, diAs schemed the spacing shown in (1).Odd number battle array
The situation all fours of unit.
(formula 5) can be described with MATLAB language, can therefrom extract the information such as minor level and beam angle, needing to optimize
Pattern function in, add the constraints of beam angle, eliminate and be unsatisfactory for the solution of beam angle requirement；In principal function,
Add the constraints of array element distance, it is ensured that the solution that algorithm is provided is feasible in engineering practice, easily designed.
In principal function, present invention adds array element distance and amplitude constraints, the spacing of adjacent array element is [0.50
λ0, λ0](λ0It is air wavelength) because too little array element distance is not easily accomplished and needs in actual series feed microstrip antenna
Consideration mutual coupling, too big array element distance have unfavorable shadow to the circuit special efficacy of series feed microstrip array and radiation characteristic
Ring.And the present invention had done trial, situation to limited element number of array, optimal solution typically do not appear in [λ0,+∞]
In the range of；By the amplitude normalization of middle array element to 1, the span of other array element amplitudes is [0.15,1.10], it is ensured that engineering
On realizability.
Need the function for optimizing：Y=α A+B.Wherein A is a certain group of 3dB beam angle that takes off, and y=α A+B is the group solution
Corresponding minor level, and α is the function changed with A, A0It is the 3dB beam angle of requirement.By DEA, one group is found completely
The optimal solution of sufficient constraints, the y taken off at this are minimum.
Whole algorithm can be described with the flow chart of Fig. 1.
The solution gone out with DEA algorithm optimization is optimized to antenna size as initial value using electromagnetic simulation software.Note emulation
When should be in conjunction with the size of array element distance, the sheet material of reasonable selection differing dielectric constant and the microstrip line of different length.Design considerations
Including but not limited to following three points：
(1) reasonable selection sheet material (dielectric constant) is paid the utmost attention to 360 ° between adjacent array element with reducing the bending degree of cabling
The cabling mode of phase difference；
(2) not may be selected if sheet material (dielectric constant) limits by engine request, should be in the bending number of times of microstrip line and cabling
Suitably balance is made between deviateing (apart from the distance of x-axis).Bending often, can bring design complexities and loss；Cabling
Deviate x-axis, especially minor level has certain impact on directional diagram.
(3) if finding, certain solution is difficult to realize in Electromagnetic Simulation, should check whether the constraints in algorithm is suitable simultaneously
Attempt changing constraints, find other solutions.
Further it is proposed that first adding port respectively while by the way of feed using each array element in Electromagnetic Simulation, it is ensured that algorithm
The optimization of series feed structure is carried out after the correctness of the solution for being given again.In the base for meeting the constraintss such as minor level, beam angle
On plinth, Antenna Design should be as far as possible using simple Theory Solution and micro-strip cabling mode, and easily designed Jie of reasonable selection
Electric constant (notes：Dielectric constant influences whether the length and width of rectangular microstrip antenna, so as to affecting antenna pattern to have one to be fixed
Ring, if changing dielectric constant after DEA Theory Solution is obtained, it is proposed that recalculate in theory once).
As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 6, be given with the design of the series feed microstrip antenna array of the non-homogeneous array element distance of ten array elements, and give
Go out equidistant series feed microstrip antenna array model corresponding, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 5 as contrast.Specification is given
Two examples assume that dielectric materials are Rogers RO4350 (dielectric constant 3.66), operating center frequency is 9.00GHz.Excellent
Antenna size parameter is obtained after change as shown in table 1 to table 4.The meaning that each parameter is represented is marked on model, lmnAnd wmnRepresent square
The length and width of microstrip unit, dmnRepresent array element distance or array element to the distance of initial point, gmnRepresent in the array element of end
The heart is to the distance of ground via, 0≤m≤3,0≤n≤3.
The corresponding parameter value of model in 1 Fig. 3 of table
| Parameter | Numerical value (mm) | Parameter | Numerical value (mm) | Parameter | Numerical value (mm) |
| w21 | 10.70 | l21 | 8.35 | d21 | 8.80 |
| w22 | 10.70 | l22 | 8.35 | d22 | 17.60 |
| w23 | 10.70 | l23 | 8.45 | d23 | 17.60 |
| w24 | 10.70 | l24 | 8.45 | d24 | 17.60 |
| w25 | 10.70 | l25 | 8.45 | d25 | 17.70 |
| g20 | 10.73 |
The corresponding parameter value of model in 2 Fig. 4 of table
| Parameter | Numerical value (mm) | Parameter | Numerical value (mm) | Parameter | Numerical value (mm) |
| w11 | 10.80 | l11 | 8.30 | d11 | 9.00 |
| w12 | 10.80 | l12 | 8.30 | d12 | 18.00 |
| w13 | 10.80 | l13 | 8.65 | d13 | 21.08 |
| w14 | 10.80 | l14 | 8.50 | d14 | 23.51 |
| w15 | 10.80 | l15 | 8.50 | d15 | 27.43 |
| g10 | 11.25 |
The corresponding parameter value of model in 3 Fig. 5 of table
| Parameter | Numerical value (mm) | Parameter | Numerical value (mm) | Parameter | Numerical value (mm) |
| w01 | 11.7 | l01 | 8.35 | d01 | 9.00 |
| w02 | 8.30 | l02 | 8.35 | d02 | 17.8 |
| w03 | 7.40 | l03 | 8.50 | d03 | 17.8 |
| w04 | 6.60 | l04 | 8.50 | d04 | 17.8 |
| w05 | 8.10 | l05 | 8.50 | d05 | 17.8 |
| g00 | 11.25 |
The corresponding parameter value of model in 4 Fig. 6 of table
| Parameter | Numerical value (mm) | Parameter | Numerical value (mm) | Parameter | Numerical value (mm) |
| w31 | 12.39 | l31 | 8.30 | d31 | 11.49 |
| w32 | 12.27 | l32 | 8.40 | d32 | 24.30 |
| w33 | 10.28 | l33 | 8.40 | d33 | 26.24 |
| w34 | 6.80 | l34 | 8.50 | d34 | 27.40 |
| w35 | 4.40 | l35 | 8.50 | w35 | 28.68 |
| g30 | 11.45 |
Claims (4)
1. the series feed microstrip antenna of a kind of low-sidelobe level based on non-homogeneous array element distance, the rectangular microstrip with unequally distributed blades
Bay, array element amplitude is used as one group of optimized variable, it is characterised in that：Array element distance is set up as second group of optimized variable
Pattern function, using differential evolution algorithm, obtains the optimal value of array element distance and amplitude, in the beam angle scope for requiring
Interior, find the optimum minor level solution for meeting engineering constraints.
2. the series feed microstrip antenna of a kind of low-sidelobe level based on non-homogeneous array element distance as claimed in claim 1, its feature
It is：The differential evolution algorithm simplifies and Deformation Theory radiation direction from the radiation function of single rectangular microstrip antenna
Figure function, obtains the antenna pattern function suitable for any number of array element linear arrays.
3. the series feed microstrip antenna of the low-sidelobe level of non-homogeneous array element distance as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Single
Array element width and length are calculated by approximate formula, and carry out simulation optimization；In array, taper distribution array element length by
The amplitude distribution that differential evolution algorithm is given determines.
4. the series feed microstrip antenna of the low-sidelobe level of non-homogeneous array element distance as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Single
The E face pattern function in array element far field follows below equation：
Wherein, β is phase constant, and W is the length of rectangular microstrip antenna, and L is the width of rectangular microstrip antenna, and h is medium substrate
Thickness, εrIt is the dielectric constant of medium, LeAnd εreIt is equivalent width and effective dielectric constant respectively,It is the angle with Z axis.
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| CN107169181A (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2017-09-15 | 西安电子科技大学 | Ring array antenna design method based on multiple target New discrete differential evolution algorithm |
| CN108445478A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-08-24 | 加特兰微电子科技(上海)有限公司 | A kind of automobile-used millimeter wave angle radar system |
| CN108470090A (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-08-31 | 东南大学 | The accurate uniformly series feed microstrip antenna Parameters design of array element spacing millimeter wave low-sidelobe level |
| CN108508424A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-09-07 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of Sidelobe based on antenna array error answers weight vector optimization method |
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