CN110110977A - It is a kind of based on improve principal component-step analysis power distribution network appraisal procedure - Google Patents
It is a kind of based on improve principal component-step analysis power distribution network appraisal procedure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of based on improvement principal component-step analysis power distribution network assessment, the to the effect that state of electric distribution network appraisal procedure being related to, realize the accurate evaluation to power distribution network synthesis state, using improved Principal Component Analysis screening index, state of electric distribution network evaluation index system is then established using improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP)；Secondly unification is carried out to index and dimensionless is handled；Then weight is calculated using Delphi method, obtains the health Evaluation function of distribution net platform region, assessment is made to distribution net platform region health status according to valuation functions value.Solve the problems, such as that conventional method bring index subjectivity is serious, it ensure that the reasonable objective multi-level fuzzy judgment of indices in power distribution network is built, the correlation of indices is analyzed can assess state of electric distribution network again in, the redundancy for reducing index greatly improves efficiency and analysis precision when power distribution network assessment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to distribution network technology fields, and in particular to one kind is based on improved Principal Component Analysis and level point
The state of electric distribution network appraisal procedure of analysis method.
Background technique
It is wide that China's power distribution network is distributed range, and route is more and arrangement is chaotic, and device category and quantity are various, automatization level
The problems such as lower, causes power distribution network operation data acquisition difficult, and largely rests on to the research of power distribution network assessment at present
High, medium voltage distribution network level, it is less to the assessment of low and medium voltage distribution network characteristic.However, as user is to power supply reliability requirement
Continuous improvement and smart grid continuous development, the health status of power distribution network and its influence to distribution network system are gradually
Attention is arrived.And reasonable assessment is implemented to power distribution network, it will help the operating status of power distribution network is determined, targetedly to matching
Power grid is transformed, and improves power supply reliability, power quality, power grid asset utilization rate of power distribution network etc..
Power distribution network is a kind of terminal network for being directly facing user, to maintenance power supply reliability and regional economy steady development
There is extremely important effect, the power distribution network in China is in power quality, power supply reliability compared to western developed country at present
Still there is no small gap.In recent years, operation of power networks status assessing system becomes the important component of smart grid, to raising
Dispatching efficiency avoids failure from occurring and expand, and improves power supply reliability and is of great significance.And power distribution network is as connection power transmission network
With the important link of user, the quality of operating status directly affects the reliability and power quality of user power utilization, with the people
Living standard and the national economic development are closely bound up, so in order to meet the growing power demand of user, power distribution network is good for
Kang Yunhang just seems particularly significant.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues of in order to solve the assessment of above-mentioned power distribution network, the invention proposes one kind based on improved principal component point
The state of electric distribution network appraisal procedure of analysis method and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the principal component of step analysis index point when by assessing power distribution network
Analysis process can comprehensively and effectively assess the operating status of power distribution network, and obtained assessment result is rationally and accurate, be promoted
Precision when existing state of electric distribution network analysis and assessment.
Realizing a kind of technical solution of above-mentioned purpose is: one kind is based on improved Principal Component Analysis and analytic hierarchy process (AHP)
State of electric distribution network appraisal procedure, including construct evaluation index body to improved Principal Component Analysis and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is passed through
System selects a few class indexs of most critical in power distribution network operation and is analyzed；Evaluation index weight is determined by Delphi method, is closed
Reason selects the method for determining weight factor；Appraisal procedure and assessment models are selected, and are analyzed in method and model.
Difference between the improved Principal Component Analysis and traditional Principal Component Analysis are as follows: traditional principal component analysis
Method mainly respectively solves the model of foundation, extracts the biggish index of load in wherein principal component, subtracts to reach
The effect of few state of electric distribution network evaluation index quantity, but in place of this method Shortcomings, the index parameter of conventional method foundation
Matrix is very big for the dependence of status monitoring parameter, so when state of electric distribution network monitoring data change greatly, it is traditional
Principal Component Analysis influences the extraction result of key index parameter bigger.So having done improved principal component analysis below
Method.
The improved Principal Component Analysis includes: to establish equipment state evaluation index criterion matrix, and carry out to matrix
Standardization；It calculates characteristic root and unit character vector and calculates principal component variance contribution ratio and factor load capacity；Selected master
Ingredient simultaneously analyzes principal component, then filters out index parameter.
It is described to establish equipment state evaluation index criterion matrix, i.e. selected equipment state index parameter respectively, to each
State index parameter is quantified, and index parameter quantization matrix, i.e. X=[X are constructed1,X2,X3], in which:
X1: indicate the percentage that index parameter is corresponded in fault statistics over the years；
X2: indicate the percentage that index parameter is corresponded in urgent significant deficiency statistics over the years；
X3: indicate the percentage of the dedicated corresponding index parameter of general defect over the years.
The physical significance of improved method is to project to all devices state index parameter into the seat using overall merit as axis
In mark system, it is arranged successively according to the size of each state index parameter weight, and using weight as key parameters basis for selecting, avoid
Monitoring data itself give result bring to influence.
It is described matrix to be standardized because selected matrix of variables dimension is often all different, changed
The influence of dimension will be eliminated before Principal Component Analysis after, most common method is to be standardized initial data.
Such as down conversion is carried out to data:
Wherein:According to association side
The principle of difference, after any variable makees standardized transformation to it, the variable covariances matrix after being standardized to data matrix is just
It is its correlation matrix, the covariance related coefficient after standardization is of equal value.
Above-mentioned correlation matrix is solved, | λ I-R |=0, the characteristic value and corresponding feature vector of the matrix are found out, and
Sort by size it.Select the standard of principal component number will be according to the characteristic value of principal component vector.Assuming that principal component vector
When characteristic value is less than some numerical value, just illustrate it without any one of method interpretation index, so when selected characteristic value, it should
The big factor of selection characteristic value is come as principal component.
It calculates accumulative variance contribution ratio and determines principal component number, variance contribution ratio has reacted every after correlation of variables converts
The data information content that a principal component is included, when the data information content that principal component contributor rate is bigger, which includes
Also bigger, the factor is also more important.
Variance contribution ratio:
Accumulative variance contribution ratio:
Accumulative variance contribution ratio illustrate contain primary data information (pdi) number, under normal circumstances select principal component number
It need to guarantee that the accumulation contribution rate of selected principal component should reach 85% or more, it is believed that retain primary data information (pdi) again
It can be solved the problems, such as by principal component to analyze.
Seek principal component load:
Wherein: α1, α2... αmIt is characterized value, λ1, λ2... λmFor feature vector.
The target variable weight for calculating each index analyzes the m principal component selected, and finds out each shape in principal component
The weight of each state index parameter is obtained by calculation in the weight H of state index parameter, then according to the big of each state index parameter
The formula of small sequence, weight is as follows:
Then the weight of each index parameter found out is normalized to [0,1], the bigger state index parameter of weight
Correlation is also stronger, and the representativeness for showing the state index parameter is stronger.
The improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP) includes: that solve the very corn of a subject be by establishing level knot to analytic hierarchy process (AHP)
Structure, the relationship between the level of analysis, challenge is simplified.By the way that analysis is investigated to each business department of power distribution network,
It finds current power distribution network and runs a few class indexs being more concerned about.Then to needing the problem of carrying out step analysis to analyze, make
Extract set of factors relevant to problem with above-mentioned improved Principal Component Analysis, and it is carried out with different levels structure according to
It is secondary are as follows: destination layer, middle layer, indicator layer.
Then it analyzes the relationship between each factor and differentiates that danger is preventive from significance level, construct discrimination matrix.By layer
Secondary structure judges the related significance level analysis of index progress compares subordinate's index of same layer two-by-two.If certain
The index and n of one layer of subordinate, i.e., carry out significance level with above-mentioned improved Principal Component Analysis and judge, constitutes matrix A,
It can obtain discrimination matrix A such as following formula:
A in formulaijIt is i-th of index to the significance level of j-th of index.
Then consistency desired result is carried out to discrimination matrix A, detection principle meets condition for consistence when being CR < 0.1, otherwise not
Meet condition for consistence and reconfigure discrimination matrix, wherein CR=CI/RCI, CI=(λmax- n)/(n-1), λmaxFor matrix A
Maximum characteristic root, RCI can find from standard scale.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the embodiment of the present invention propose based on improved Principal Component Analysis and step analysis
The state of electric distribution network appraisal procedure of method joined improved master on the basis of original analytic hierarchy process (AHP) carries out power distribution network assessment
Componential analysis solves the problems, such as that tradition is serious using index subjectivity brought by expert opinion method, ensure that power distribution network
The reasonable objective multi-level fuzzy judgment of middle indices is built, but can to state of electric distribution network assess in indices correlation into
Row analysis, reduces the redundancy of index, greatly improves efficiency and analysis precision when power distribution network assessment.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the power distribution network estimation flow figure based on improved principal component-step analysis that the embodiment of the present invention proposes.
Fig. 2 is the improved Principal Component Analysis flow chart that the embodiment of the present invention proposes.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference
Attached drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.But as known to those skilled in the art, the invention is not limited to attached drawings and following reality
Apply example.
The embodiment of the present invention proposes a kind of based on improvement principal component-step analysis power distribution network assessment.
The stable operation of power distribution network is one of most basic requirement of electric system, and have a power failure thing caused by state of electric distribution network failure
Therefore will cause a large amount of economic loss, personnel casualty accidents are even resulted in when serious, it is therefore necessary to power distribution network process management and control
Index parameter is decomposed and is controlled, and obtains influencing significant process management and control index parameter to power distribution network, so as to power distribution network into
Row targetedly management, can effectively promote the stability of power distribution network.
The specific embodiment is the accurate evaluation realized to power distribution network synthesis state, the improved principal component of proposed adoption
Analytic approach carrys out screening index, and state of electric distribution network evaluation index system is established using improved H；Secondly to index
Carry out unification and dimensionless processing；Then weight is calculated using Delphi method, obtains the health Evaluation of distribution net platform region
Function finally makes assessment to distribution net platform region health status according to valuation functions value.
The embodiment, based on the assessment of principal component-step analysis power distribution network is improved, is commented in selection in this way using a kind of
Can be fully taken into account during estimating index different regions and it is different require under selecting index, while also can be to having chosen
Index is verified and is screened, and under the premise of not will cause a large amount of monitoring data loss, wherein expressing information is duplicate for removal
Index extracts the index that can most indicate equipment state.
The improved Principal Component Analysis includes: to establish equipment state evaluation index criterion matrix, and carry out to matrix
Standardization；It calculates characteristic root and unit character vector and calculates principal component variance contribution ratio and factor load capacity；Selected master
Ingredient simultaneously analyzes principal component, then filters out index parameter.
It is described to establish equipment state evaluation index criterion matrix, i.e. selected equipment state index parameter respectively, to each
State index parameter is quantified, and index parameter quantization matrix, i.e. X=[X are constructed1,X2,X3]。
It is described matrix to be standardized because selected matrix of variables dimension is often all different, changed
The influence of dimension will be eliminated before Principal Component Analysis after, most common method is to be standardized initial data.
Such as down conversion is carried out to data:
Wherein:
The variance contribution ratio:
The accumulative variance contribution ratio:
It is described to seek principal component load:
Wherein: α1, α2... αmIt is characterized value, λ1, λ2... λmFor feature vector.
The target variable weight for calculating each index, analyzes the m principal component selected, finds out in principal component
The weight of each state index parameter is obtained by calculation in the weight H of each state index parameter, then according to each state index parameter
Size sequence, the formula of weight is as follows:
It is described use improved H establish state of electric distribution network evaluation index system for analyze each factor it
Between relationship and differentiate that danger is preventive from significance level, construct discrimination matrix.Related important journey is carried out to index by hierarchical structure
Degree analysis judges compares subordinate's index of same layer two-by-two.If the index of a certain layer subordinate and n, that is, use
The improved Principal Component Analysis stated carries out significance level judgement, constitutes matrix A, it can obtain discrimination matrix A such as following formula:
A in formulaijIt is i-th of index to the significance level of j-th of index, consistency desired result then is carried out to discrimination matrix A,
Detection principle meets condition for consistence when being CR < 0.1, is otherwise unsatisfactory for condition for consistence and reconfigures discrimination matrix.
It is described to calculate weight using Delphi method, obtain the health Evaluation function of distribution net platform region are as follows: expert estimation
Method is also referred to as Delphi method, is to plan as a whole and experience, knowledge, the opinion of comprehensive same domain expert evaluate a certain things
Method.It is carried out by the way of anonymous when collecting expertise, knowledge, opinion, it is ensured that mutual when making decision between each expert
It does not interfere, avoids the occurrence of and follow blindly, in company with phenomenon, and need repeatedly to be consulted expert opinion.
The specific embodiment are as follows: calculate Idea synthesized degree E and see that following formula is the average scoring value of expert:
Opinion dispersion δ is calculated again, i.e. criterion calculation formula is shown in such as following formula:
In formula: E is Idea synthesized degree, and δ is degree of having different views.
Then whether judgement is consulted and is terminated, and the lower limit value E of concentration degree, degree of having different views is set according to problem0And δ0, until
Stop consulting when meeting following condition: Ei>E0,δi>δ0。
It is described to carry out obtaining the health status of distribution net platform region after index weights at all levels calculate according to Delphi method
Valuation functions finally make assessment to distribution net platform region health status according to valuation functions value.
By Dare after the index at all levels obtained according to improved Principal Component Analysis and analytic hierarchy process (AHP)
After the index weights of luxuriant and rich with fragrance method calculate, i.e., assessment is made to distribution net platform region health status according to valuation functions value:
Collect distribution network data: including operating parameter and device data etc.；
Data statistic analysis: the value that obtains single index for statistical analysis to distribution data；
It calculates single index score: single index value being substituted into single index scoring formula and obtains single index score；
Calculation criterion layer index score and destination layer index score: if the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) selected, according to single index
Score and weight factor, successively upwards calculate, formula are as follows:
In formula: S(K+1)Represent certain index of kth=1 layer A in hierarchical structure(K+1)Scoring；N indicates index A(K+1)K straton
The number of index；Indicate A(K+1)K straton index j scoring；Indicate A(K+1)K straton index j weight；
The weak link of analysis power distribution network operation: being generally adopted by hundred-mark system, and assessment score is divided into four ranks, point
Not Wei "excellent", "fine", "moderate" and "bad", wherein score > 90 point are " excellent ", and 90 > score > 70 are " good ", 70 > score > 60
For " in ", score < 60 are " poor ".Analyze macro-indicators (destination layer) first, be scored at if the index " in " or " poor " if again
The weak link that its operation is found out according to the score of single index, finally proposes corresponding Improving Measurements.
What present embodiment proposed is assessed based on the state of electric distribution network of improved Principal Component Analysis and analytic hierarchy process (AHP)
Method joined improved Principal Component Analysis on the basis of traditional analytic hierarchy process (AHP) carries out power distribution network assessment, then press
After carrying out index weights calculating at all levels according to Delphi method, the health Evaluation function of distribution net platform region is obtained, finally
Assessment is made to distribution net platform region health status according to valuation functions value.It solves tradition to refer to using brought by expert opinion method
The serious problem of subjectivity is marked, ensure that the reasonable objective multi-level fuzzy judgment of indices in power distribution network is built, and can be to matching
The correlation of indices is analyzed in condition assessment of power grid, reduces the redundancy of index, greatly improves distribution on-Line review
Efficiency and precision when estimating.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means specific features, structure, material or spy described in conjunction with this embodiment or example
Point is included at least one embodiment or example of the invention.In the present specification, schematic expression of the above terms are not
Centainly refer to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be any
One or more embodiment or examples in can be combined in any suitable manner.
More than, embodiments of the present invention are illustrated.But the present invention is not limited to above embodiment.It is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in guarantor of the invention
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of based on improvement principal component-step analysis power distribution network appraisal procedure, which comprises the following steps:
Statistic procedure: statisticalling analyze power distribution network running state data over the years, carries out analysis and preliminary to power distribution network data over the years
Assessment, then establishes corresponding power distribution network assessment models by historical data；
Analytical procedure: evaluation index system is constructed by power distribution network appraisal procedure, using improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and is selected
It the most key a few class indexs and is analyzed in power distribution network operation, then determines evaluation index weight, reasonably select the power of determination
The method of repeated factor；
Appraisal procedure: selecting corresponding appraisal procedure and assessment models, and analysis power distribution network items are carried out in method and model
The assessment result of index.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the analytical procedure is to realize to power distribution network synthesis state
Accurate evaluation, the improved Principal Component Analysis screening index of proposed adoption, then using improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP) foundation matches
Condition assessment of power grid index system；Secondly unification is carried out to index and dimensionless is handled；Then power is calculated using Delphi method
Weight, obtains the health Evaluation function of distribution net platform region, is made and being commented to distribution net platform region health status according to valuation functions value
Estimate.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein the appraisal procedure are as follows:
Collect distribution network data: including operating parameter and device data etc.；
Data statistic analysis: the value that obtains single index for statistical analysis to distribution data；
It calculates single index score: single index value being substituted into single index scoring formula and obtains single index score；
Calculation criterion layer index score and destination layer index score: if the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) selected, according to obtaining for single index
Point and weight factor, successively upwards calculate, formula are as follows:
In formula: S(K+1)Represent certain index of kth=1 layer A in hierarchical structure(K+1)Scoring；N indicates index A(K+1)K straton index
Number；Indicate A(K+1)K straton index j scoring；Indicate A(K+1)K straton index j weight；
The weak link of analysis power distribution network operation: being generally adopted by hundred-mark system, assessment score is divided into four ranks, respectively
"excellent", "fine", "moderate" and "bad", first analysis macro-indicators (destination layer), be scored at if the index " in " or " poor " if further according to
The score of single index finds out the weak link of its operation, finally proposes corresponding Improving Measurements.
4. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the Principal Component Analysis the following steps are included:
Equipment state evaluation index criterion matrix is established, and matrix is standardized；
It calculates characteristic root and unit character vector and calculates principal component variance contribution ratio and factor load capacity；
Selected principal component simultaneously analyzes principal component, then filters out index parameter.
5. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) the following steps are included:
Problem is analyzed, factor relevant with problem is extracted by Principal Component Analysis, and shape is layered to these factors
At level analysis chart；
Analyze the relationship and significance level between each factor, Judgement Matricies；
Consistency desired result is carried out to judgment matrix, if being unsatisfactory for condition for consistence reconfigures judgment matrix, if meeting consistent
Property condition i.e. calculate weight.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the step analysis figure successively includes destination layer, centre
Layer and indicator layer, and relative importance should be carried out to index by hierarchical structure after Judgement Matricies and judged, i.e., to same
One layer of subordinate's index is compared two-by-two.
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| CN110705859A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2020-01-17 | 三峡大学 | PCA-self-organizing neural network-based method for evaluating running state of medium and low voltage distribution network |
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| CN112270485A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-01-26 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司绍兴供电公司 | Principal component factor analysis method for comprehensive evaluation of distribution network uninterrupted operation |
| CN112561251A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-26 | 广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局 | Power distribution network abnormal point detection method and device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN116090872A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-05-09 | 湖北华中电力科技开发有限责任公司 | Power distribution area health state evaluation method |
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