CN110106501B - Cutter manufactured by micro-beam plasma additive manufacturing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cutter manufactured by micro-beam plasma additive manufacturing and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110106501B CN110106501B CN201910542282.0A CN201910542282A CN110106501B CN 110106501 B CN110106501 B CN 110106501B CN 201910542282 A CN201910542282 A CN 201910542282A CN 110106501 B CN110106501 B CN 110106501B
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- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007688 edging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 27
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 9
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 7
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 7
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/53—Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Knives (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a cutter manufactured by micro-beam plasma additive manufacturing and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: fixing the cutter blank on a clamp, so that the cutting edge of the cutter blank faces upwards; melting the additive material arranged on the blade by taking micro-beam plasma arc as a heat source to form a cladding layer on the blade; carrying out heat treatment on the cutter blank; and sequentially grinding, polishing and edging the knife blank. The cutter is prepared by the preparation method, and the blade of the cutter blank is provided with the cladding layer. The invention is not only beneficial to improving the hardness, sharpness and durability of the cutter, indirectly prolonging the service life of the cutter, but also can reduce the defects of slag inclusion and the like of pores of the cladding layer, and is beneficial to further improving the hardness and sharpness of the cutter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cutter manufacturing, in particular to a cutter manufactured by micro-beam plasma additive manufacturing and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The existing cutter is made of stainless steel generally, and the strength, hardness and wear resistance of the cutter are improved by a heat treatment technology after the cutter is stamped and formed. However, the hardness of the edge of the current cutter after heat treatment strengthening is generally about 50-58HRC, and the requirements of people on the performances of high hardness, high sharpness, high durability and the like of the cutter are increasingly difficult to meet.
The applicant's prior application CN107022759A discloses a high-hardness additive manufacturing tool, which uses a laser cladding technology to strengthen the cutting edge of the tool, and although the comprehensive performance of the cutting edge is improved, the following main problems still exist: 1. because the laser heating and cooling are fast, the uniformity of the metal phase formation of the cladding layer can be influenced by adopting the laser cladding technology, the exhaust scum is unfavorable, air holes are easily formed on the cladding layer, the hardness of the cladding layer is uneven, and the sharpness of the blade can also be influenced; 2. advanced laser, cladding nozzle and other equipment mainly depend on import, and the equipment and later maintenance cost is high; 3. the cutter laser cladding process window is narrow, the development threshold is high, and the investment is large. These problems cause the laser cladding cutter to be expensive and most users are reluctant to pay attention to, so that the cutter has no large-scale market promotion.
The microbeam plasma additive manufacturing technology is an excellent surface modification technology, particularly when the surface area of a workpiece is large, the processing efficiency is high, an additive manufacturing layer with small dilution rate, compact structure and excellent mechanical property can be obtained, and the market prospect is wide.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a micro-beam plasma additive manufacturing cutter.
A second object of the invention is to provide a tool.
In order to achieve the first object, the invention provides a method for preparing a microbeam plasma additive manufacturing cutter, which comprises the following steps: fixing the cutter blank on a clamp, so that the cutting edge of the cutter blank faces upwards; melting the additive material arranged on the blade by taking plasma arc as a heat source to form a cladding layer on the blade; carrying out heat treatment on the cutter blank; and sequentially grinding, polishing and edging the knife blank.
According to the scheme, the cladding layer is arranged on the cutting edge, so that the hardness, the sharpness and the durability of the cutter are improved, and the service life of the cutter is indirectly prolonged; and, adopt plasma arc to clad as the heat source, because plasma arc's stability can be good, its output heat is even, makes cladding district heat distribution more even for make the vibration material fuse even, the distribution of contraction stress is even, and the cladding layer can fully exhaust dross, thereby has better degree of consistency, reduces defects such as gas pocket double-layered sediment, is favorable to improving the quality of cladding layer, further improves the hardness and the sharpness of cutter.
The further proposal is that when the cutter blank is fixed on the clamp, backing plates are respectively arranged around the periphery of the cutter blank, the upper part of each backing plate is 2mm to 5mm higher than the cutting edge, and the lower part of each backing plate is tightly attached to the cutter blank; enclose between each backing plate and the cutting edge and synthesize and hold the chamber, the cladding layer sets up and holds the intracavity.
It is obvious by above-mentioned scheme, hold the chamber through the setting, with the cladding layer control in holding the intracavity, be favorable to controlling the thickness homogeneity of cladding layer setting on the cutting edge, prevent that the vibration material disk from outwards flowing after high temperature melts, influence the quality of later stage grinding edging.
The further proposal is that a plurality of cutter blanks are fixed on the clamp in a way of clinging side by side, and the backing plates are arranged around the plurality of cutter blanks; before heat treatment, a plurality of knife blanks are cut one by one.
According to the scheme, the plurality of cutter blanks attached side by side are arranged to simultaneously perform plasma additive manufacturing, so that the processing efficiency of cutter manufacturing is improved; the base plates are arranged on the peripheries of the plurality of cutter blanks, so that the thickness uniformity of the cladding layers arranged on all the blades can be controlled, the additive materials can be prevented from flowing outwards after being melted at high temperature, the thickness of the cladding layers on the two cutter blanks on the outermost side is lower than that of the cladding layers on the other cutter blanks on the middle part, and the quality stability of each cutter blank can be ensured; the cutter blanks are subjected to heat treatment after being cut and separated one by one, so that the heat treatment quality of each cutter blank is guaranteed.
The plasma arc is a micro-beam plasma arc generated by a plasma arc gun, the diameter of a compression nozzle of the plasma arc gun is 1mm to 2mm, the diameter of the micro-beam plasma arc is 1mm to 5mm, and the length of the micro-beam plasma arc is 5mm to 8 mm.
According to the scheme, the plasma arc is set to be the micro-beam plasma arc, so that the heat of a heat source can be properly reduced, the melting amount of the cutter blank is reduced on the premise of ensuring that the additive material is fully melted, the dilution rate of the cladding layer is reduced, and the quality of the cladding layer is further improved.
Further, the microbeam plasma additive manufacturing parameters comprise: the process parameters of the plasma arc gun comprise: the distance between the compression nozzle and the surface of the blade is 5mm to 8mm, the swing amplitude is 0 to 5mm, the cladding current is 20A to 40A, the maintaining arc current is 12A to 20A, the base value current is 20A to 30A, the cladding time is 140ms to 160ms, the interval time is 70ms to 85ms, the ionic gas flow is 0.1L/min to 0.3L/min, the protective gas flow is 1L/min to 4L/min, the powder granularity is 45 mu m to 120 mu m, the linear speed of a plasma arc gun is 0 to 20mm/s, and the lap ratio is 20% to 40%.
It is further possible that the additive material is provided in powder form and is delivered to the blade by pre-laying and compacting on the blade or by a synchronous delivery device.
According to a further scheme, the additive materials conveyed by the synchronous conveying device are converged at a position 3mm to 7mm away from the compression nozzle, and the convergence diameter is 1mm to 4 mm.
In a further scheme, the additive material is arranged into a wire material and is conveyed to the blade through the synchronous conveying assembly.
In a further aspect, the additive material delivered by the synchronous delivery assembly contacts and interacts with the microbeam plasma arc at a distance of 3mm to 7mm from the compression nozzle.
In order to achieve the second object, the invention provides a cutting tool, which is prepared by the preparation method, and a cladding layer is arranged on the cutting edge of the cutter blank.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a single-blade blank microbeam plasma additive manufacturing process in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a multi-tool blank microbeam plasma additive manufacturing process in an embodiment of the invention.
The invention is further explained with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
Detailed Description
Method for manufacturing cutting tool
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment adopts a microbeam plasma additive manufacturing process to machine and manufacture a single-handle cutter blank 1.
The preparation method of the microbeam plasma additive manufacturing cutter comprises the following steps:
step S1, the single-piece tool blank 1 is fixed upside down on a jig so that the cutting edge of the tool blank 1 faces upward, and backing plates 2, preferably ceramic backing plates 2, are respectively provided around the periphery of the tool blank 1. The upper edges of the two backing plates 2 on both sides in the length direction of the cutting edge are arranged to be arc-shaped edges, and the arc-shaped edges are matched with the arc-shaped trend of the cutting edge. The upper part of each backing plate 2 is higher than the cutting edge by 4mm, and the lower part of each backing plate 2 is closely attached to the surface of the knife blank 1. All the backing plates 2 and the blades enclose a containing cavity, and the cladding layer 3 is arranged in the containing cavity.
Step S2, pre-paving and compacting a powdery additive material in the containing cavity, wherein the height of the powdery additive material is 2.5 mm. The powdery additive material is an iron-based self-fluxing alloy powder which comprises, by mass, 0.6% to 1.5% of carbon, 23% to 35% of chromium, 1% to 2.5% of silicon, 1% to 2% of boron, 6.5% to 12% of nickel, 1% to 2% of manganese, 0.2% to 0.3% of molybdenum, and 44.7% to 66.7% of iron.
And step S3, radiating the pre-paved additive material by taking a micro-beam plasma arc generated by a plasma arc gun as a heat source to melt the additive material coated on the blade so as to form a cladding layer 3 on the blade. The diameter of a compression nozzle of a plasma arc gun is 1mm, the diameter of a micro-beam plasma arc generated by the plasma arc gun is 2mm, the length of the micro-beam plasma arc generated by the plasma arc gun is 6mm, the distance between the compression nozzle and the surface of a cutting edge is 5mm, the swing amplitude is 0mm, the cladding current is 31A, the base value current is 28A, the maintenance arc current is 15A, the cladding time is 140ms, the interval time is 70ms, the ionic gas flow is 0.1L/min, the protective gas flow is 1L/min, the powder granularity is 45-85 μm, the linear speed of the plasma arc gun is 10mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 25%.
Step S4, repeating the above steps S2 to S3 until the thickness of the cladding layer 3 on the blade is 3.5mm and the dilution ratio is 5.5%. Before repeating the step S2, the surface of the previous cladding layer 3 needs to be polished to remove the oxide layer on the surface.
Step S5, carrying out low-temperature stress relief and tempering heat treatment on the single-handle cutter blank 1;
and step S6, sequentially grinding, polishing and edging the cutter blank 1 after heat treatment to obtain a finished cutter.
The results of the performance tests of the tool made using the preparation method of example 1 are shown in table 1 below:
table 1 shows the performance test table of the bulk and the plasma additive manufacturing tool in example 1
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, five tool blanks 1 are machined and manufactured by using a microbeam plasma additive manufacturing process.
The preparation method of the microbeam plasma additive manufacturing cutter comprises the following steps:
and step S1, fixing the five cutter blanks 1 on a clamp in a side-by-side close fitting manner, wherein the cutting edge of each cutter blank 1 faces upwards, and each cutter blank 1 is arranged in the same direction. And the four sides of the five knife blanks 1 are respectively provided with a backing plate 2, and the backing plates 2 are preferably ceramic backing plates 2. The upper edges of the two backing plates 2 on both sides in the length direction of the cutting edge are arranged to be arc-shaped edges, and the arc-shaped edges are matched with the arc-shaped trend of the cutting edge. The upper part of each backing plate 2 is higher than the blade edge by 4mm, and the lower part of each backing plate 2 is closely attached to the surface of the cutter blank 1 opposite to the outer side. All backing plates 2 and all cutting edges enclose a containing cavity, and the cladding layer 3 is arranged in the containing cavity.
Step S2, pre-paving and compacting a powdery additive material in the containing cavity, wherein the height of the powdery additive material is 2.5 mm. The powdery additive material is an iron-based self-fluxing alloy powder which comprises, by mass, 0.6% to 1.5% of carbon, 23% to 35% of chromium, 1% to 2.5% of silicon, 1% to 2% of boron, 6.5% to 12% of nickel, 1% to 2% of manganese, 0.2% to 0.3% of molybdenum, and 44.7% to 66.7% of iron.
And step S3, radiating the pre-paved additive material by taking a micro-beam plasma arc generated by a plasma arc gun as a heat source to melt the additive material coated on the blades, so that the cladding layer 3 is formed on each blade respectively. Wherein the microbeam plasma additive manufacturing parameters include: the diameter of a compression nozzle of a plasma arc gun is 1.5mm, the diameter of a micro-beam plasma arc generated by the plasma arc gun is 2.5mm, the length of the micro-beam plasma arc generated by the plasma arc gun is 7mm, the distance between the compression nozzle and the surface of a cutting edge is 6.5mm, the swing amplitude is 4mm, the cladding current is 38A, the base value current is 25A, the maintaining arc current is 15A, the cladding time is 146ms, the interval time is 73ms, the ionic gas flow is 0.2L/min, the protective gas flow is 1.5L/min, the powder granularity is 45-85 μm, the linear speed of the plasma arc gun is 15mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 28%.
Step S4, repeating the above steps S2 to S3 until the thickness of the cladding layer 3 on the blade is 3.5mm and the dilution ratio is 5.5%. Before repeating the step S2, the surface of the previous cladding layer 3 needs to be polished to remove the oxide layer on the surface.
In step S5, the five knife blanks 1 are separated by a cutter.
Step S6, carrying out low-temperature stress relief and tempering heat treatment on all the cutter blanks 1;
and step S7, sequentially grinding, polishing and edging the cutter blank 1 after heat treatment to obtain a finished cutter.
Through testing, the performance test results of the cutter prepared by the preparation method of example 2 are shown in the following table 2:
table 2 shows the performance test table of the bulk and the plasma additive manufacturing tool in example 2
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment adopts a microbeam plasma additive manufacturing process to machine and manufacture a single-handle cutter blank 1.
The preparation method of the microbeam plasma additive manufacturing cutter comprises the following steps:
step S1, the single-piece tool blank 1 is fixed upside down on a jig so that the cutting edge of the tool blank 1 faces upward, and backing plates 2, preferably ceramic backing plates 2, are respectively provided around the periphery of the tool blank 1. The upper edges of the two backing plates 2 on both sides in the length direction of the cutting edge are arranged to be arc-shaped edges, and the arc-shaped edges are matched with the arc-shaped trend of the cutting edge. The upper part of each backing plate 2 is higher than the cutting edge by 4mm, and the lower part of each backing plate 2 is closely attached to the surface of the knife blank 1. All the backing plates 2 and the blades enclose a containing cavity, and the cladding layer 3 is arranged in the containing cavity.
Step S2, the powdered additive material is conveyed to the accommodating cavity by the synchronous conveying device. The powdery additive material is an iron-based self-fluxing alloy powder which comprises, by mass, 0.6% to 1.5% of carbon, 23% to 35% of chromium, 1% to 2.5% of silicon, 1% to 2% of boron, 6.5% to 12% of nickel, 1% to 2% of manganese, 0.2% to 0.3% of molybdenum, and 44.7% to 66.7% of iron.
And step S3, radiating the additive material conveyed by the synchronous conveying device by taking the micro-plasma arc generated by the plasma arc gun as a heat source to melt the additive material and form a cladding layer 3 at the position of the blade in the accommodating cavity. Wherein the microbeam plasma additive manufacturing parameters include: the diameter of a compression nozzle of a plasma arc gun is 1mm, the diameter of a micro-beam plasma arc generated by the plasma arc gun is 2mm, the length of the micro-beam plasma arc generated by the plasma arc gun is 6mm, the distance between the compression nozzle and the surface of a cutting edge is 5mm, a powdery additive material is converged at a position 4mm away from the compression nozzle, the convergence diameter is 2mm, the swing amplitude is 0mm, the cladding current is 30A, the base value current is 25A, the maintaining arc current is 17A, the cladding time is 152ms, the interval time is 78ms, the ionic gas flow is 0.1L/min, the protective gas flow is 1L/min, the powder granularity is 80-120 mu m, the linear speed of the plasma arc gun is 10mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 31%.
And step S4, repeating the steps S2 to S3 until the thickness of the cladding layer 3 on the blade is 4 mm. Before repeating the step S2, the surface of the previous cladding layer 3 needs to be polished to remove the oxide layer on the surface.
Step S5, the cutter blank 1 is subjected to low-temperature stress relief and tempering heat treatment.
And step S6, sequentially grinding, polishing and edging the cutter blank 1 after heat treatment to obtain a finished cutter.
The results of the performance tests on the cutting tools prepared by the preparation method of example 3 are shown in table 3 below:
table 3 shows the performance test table of the bulk and the plasma additive manufacturing tool in example 3
Example 4
Referring to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, five tool blanks 1 are machined and manufactured by using a microbeam plasma additive manufacturing process.
The preparation method of the microbeam plasma additive manufacturing cutter comprises the following steps:
and step S1, fixing the five cutter blanks 1 on a clamp in a side-by-side close fitting manner, wherein the cutting edge of each cutter blank 1 faces upwards, and each cutter blank 1 is arranged in the same direction. And the four sides of the five knife blanks 1 are respectively provided with a backing plate 2, and the backing plates 2 are preferably ceramic backing plates 2. The upper edges of the two backing plates 2 on both sides in the length direction of the cutting edge are arranged to be arc-shaped edges, and the arc-shaped edges are matched with the arc-shaped trend of the cutting edge. The upper part of each backing plate 2 is 3.5mm higher than the cutting edge, and the lower part of each backing plate 2 is closely attached to the surface of the cutter blank 1 facing the outside. All backing plates 2 and all cutting edges enclose a containing cavity, and the cladding layer 3 is arranged in the containing cavity.
Step S2, the powdered additive material is conveyed to the accommodating cavity by the synchronous conveying device. The powdery additive material is an iron-based self-fluxing alloy powder which comprises, by mass, 0.6% to 1.5% of carbon, 23% to 35% of chromium, 1% to 2.5% of silicon, 1% to 2% of boron, 6.5% to 12% of nickel, 1% to 2% of manganese, 0.2% to 0.3% of molybdenum, and 44.7% to 66.7% of iron.
And step S3, radiating the additive material conveyed by the synchronous conveying device by taking the micro-plasma arc generated by the plasma arc gun as a heat source to melt the additive material and form a cladding layer 3 at the position of the blade in the accommodating cavity. Wherein the microbeam plasma additive manufacturing parameters include: the diameter of a compression nozzle of a plasma arc gun is 2mm, the diameter of a micro-beam plasma arc generated by the plasma arc gun is 3mm, the length of the micro-beam plasma arc generated by the plasma arc gun is 7mm, the distance between the compression nozzle and the surface of a cutting edge is 6mm, powdery additive materials are gathered at the position 5mm away from the compression nozzle, the gathering diameter is 2.5mm, the swing amplitude is 5mm, the cladding current is 38A, the base value current is 25A, the maintaining arc current is 16A, the ionic gas flow is 0.2L/min, the protective gas flow is 1.5L/min, the powder granularity is 50 mu m to 100 mu m, the linear speed of the plasma arc gun is 15mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 34%.
And step S4, repeating the steps S2 to S3 until the thickness of the cladding layer 3 on the blade is 4 mm. Before repeating the step S2, the surface of the previous cladding layer 3 needs to be polished to remove the oxide layer.
In step S5, the five knife blanks 1 are separated by a cutter.
Step S6, carrying out low-temperature stress relief and tempering heat treatment on all the cutter blanks 1;
and step S7, sequentially grinding, polishing and edging the cutter blank 1 after heat treatment to obtain a finished cutter.
The results of the performance tests on the tool made by the method of example 4 are shown in table 4 below:
table 4 shows the performance test table of the bulk and the plasma additive manufacturing tool in example 4
Example 5
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment adopts a microbeam plasma additive manufacturing process to machine and manufacture a single-handle cutter blank 1.
The preparation method of the microbeam plasma additive manufacturing cutter comprises the following steps:
step S1, the single-piece tool blank 1 is fixed upside down on a jig so that the cutting edge of the tool blank 1 faces upward, and backing plates 2, preferably ceramic backing plates 2, are respectively provided around the periphery of the tool blank 1. The upper edges of the two backing plates 2 on both sides in the length direction of the cutting edge are arranged to be arc-shaped edges, and the arc-shaped edges are matched with the arc-shaped trend of the cutting edge. The upper part of each backing plate 2 is higher than the cutting edge by 4mm, and the lower part of each backing plate 2 is closely attached to the surface of the knife blank 1. All the backing plates 2 and the blades enclose a containing cavity, and the cladding layer 3 is arranged in the containing cavity.
Step S2, the wire-like additive material is conveyed to the accommodating cavity by the synchronous conveying assembly. The wire-shaped additive material is prepared from iron-based self-fluxing alloy powder by a special means, wherein the iron-based self-fluxing alloy powder comprises, by mass, 0.6-1.5% of carbon, 23-35% of chromium, 1-2.5% of silicon, 1-2% of boron, 6.5-12% of nickel, 1-2% of manganese, 0.2-0.3% of molybdenum and 44.7-66.7% of iron.
And step S3, taking the micro-plasma arc generated by the plasma arc gun as a heat source, radiating the additive material conveyed by the synchronous conveying assembly to melt the additive material, and forming the cladding layer 3 at the blade position in the accommodating cavity. Wherein the microbeam plasma additive manufacturing parameters include: the diameter of a compression nozzle of a plasma arc gun is 1mm, the diameter of a micro-beam plasma arc generated by the plasma arc gun is 2mm, the length of the micro-beam plasma arc generated by the plasma arc gun is 6mm, the distance between the compression nozzle and the surface of a cutting edge is 5mm, a wire-shaped material additive enters a micro-beam plasma arc column at a position 3.5mm away from the compression nozzle, contacts and interacts with the micro-beam plasma arc, the swing amplitude is 0mm, the cladding current is 30A, the base value current is 25A, the maintaining arc current is 14A, the cladding time is 155ms, the interval time is 80ms, the ion airflow is 0.1L/min, the protective airflow is 1L/min, the powder granularity is 50-100 μm, the linear speed of the plasma arc gun is 10mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 31%.
And step S4, repeating the steps S2 to S3 until the thickness of the cladding layer 3 on the blade is 5 mm. Before repeating the step S2, the surface of the previous cladding layer 3 needs to be polished to remove the oxide layer on the surface.
Step S5, the cutter blank 1 is subjected to low-temperature stress relief and tempering heat treatment.
And step S6, sequentially grinding, polishing and edging the cutter blank 1 after heat treatment to obtain a finished cutter.
The results of the performance tests on the cutting tools prepared by the preparation method of example 5 are shown in table 5 below:
table 5 shows the performance test table of the bulk and the plasma additive manufactured tool in example 5
Example 6
Referring to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, five tool blanks 1 are machined and manufactured by using a microbeam plasma additive manufacturing process.
The preparation method of the microbeam plasma additive manufacturing cutter comprises the following steps:
and step S1, fixing the five cutter blanks 1 on a clamp in a side-by-side close fitting manner, wherein the cutting edge of each cutter blank 1 faces upwards, and each cutter blank 1 is arranged in the same direction. And the four sides of the five knife blanks 1 are respectively provided with a backing plate 2, and the backing plates 2 are preferably ceramic backing plates 2. The upper edges of the two backing plates 2 on both sides in the length direction of the cutting edge are arranged to be arc-shaped edges, and the arc-shaped edges are matched with the arc-shaped trend of the cutting edge. The upper part of each backing plate 2 is 3.5mm higher than the cutting edge, and the lower part of each backing plate 2 is closely attached to the surface of the cutter blank 1 facing the outside. All backing plates 2 and all cutting edges enclose a containing cavity, and the cladding layer 3 is arranged in the containing cavity.
Step S2, the wire-like additive material is conveyed to above the accommodating cavity by the synchronous conveying assembly. The wire-shaped additive material is prepared from iron-based self-fluxing alloy powder by a special means, wherein the iron-based self-fluxing alloy powder comprises, by mass, 0.6-1.5% of carbon, 23-35% of chromium, 1-2.5% of silicon, 1-2% of boron, 6.5-12% of nickel, 1-2% of manganese, 0.2-0.3% of molybdenum and 44.7-66.7% of iron.
And step S3, taking the micro-plasma arc generated by the plasma arc gun as a heat source, radiating the additive material conveyed by the synchronous conveying assembly to melt the additive material, and forming the cladding layer 3 at the blade position in the accommodating cavity. Wherein the microbeam plasma additive manufacturing parameters include: the diameter of a compression nozzle of a plasma arc gun is 2mm, the diameter of a micro-beam plasma arc generated by the plasma arc gun is 3mm, the length of the micro-beam plasma arc generated by the plasma arc gun is 7mm, the distance between the compression nozzle and the surface of a cutting edge is 7mm, a wire enters a micro-beam plasma arc column at a position 5.5mm away from the compression nozzle, contacts and interacts with the micro-beam plasma arc, the swing amplitude is 4mm, the cladding current is 38A, the base value current is 28A, the maintenance arc current is 18A, the cladding time is 143ms, the interval time is 72ms, the ionic gas flow is 0.2L/min, the protective gas flow is 1.5L/min, the powder granularity is 50-100 mu m, the linear speed of the plasma arc gun is 15mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 34%.
And step S4, repeating the steps S2 to S3 until the thickness of the cladding layer 3 on the blade is 3 mm. Before repeating the step S2, the surface of the previous cladding layer 3 needs to be polished to remove the oxide layer on the surface.
In step S5, the five knife blanks 1 are separated by a cutter.
Step S6, carrying out low-temperature stress relief and tempering heat treatment on all the cutter blanks 1;
and step S7, sequentially grinding, polishing and edging the cutter blank 1 after heat treatment to obtain a finished cutter.
The results of the performance tests on the cutting tools prepared by the preparation method of example 6 are shown in table 6 below:
table 6 shows the performance test table of the bulk and the plasma additive manufactured tool in example 6
Example 7
Referring to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, five tool blanks 1 are machined and manufactured by using a microbeam plasma additive manufacturing process.
The preparation method of the microbeam plasma additive manufacturing cutter comprises the following steps:
and step S1, fixing the five cutter blanks 1 on a clamp in a side-by-side close fitting manner, wherein the cutting edge of each cutter blank 1 faces upwards, and each cutter blank 1 is arranged in the same direction.
And step S2, conveying the powdery additive material to the position above the blade through the synchronous conveying device. The powdery additive material is an iron-based self-fluxing alloy powder which comprises, by mass, 0.6% to 1.5% of carbon, 23% to 35% of chromium, 1% to 2.5% of silicon, 1% to 2% of boron, 6.5% to 12% of nickel, 1% to 2% of manganese, 0.2% to 0.3% of molybdenum, and 44.7% to 66.7% of iron.
And step S3, using the micro-plasma arc generated by the plasma arc gun as a heat source, radiating the additive material conveyed by the synchronous conveying device to melt the additive material, and forming a cladding layer 3 on the blade. Wherein the microbeam plasma additive manufacturing parameters include: the diameter of a compression nozzle of a plasma arc gun is 2mm, the diameter of a micro-beam plasma arc generated by the plasma arc gun is 3mm, the length of the micro-beam plasma arc generated by the plasma arc gun is 7mm, the distance between the compression nozzle and the surface of a cutting edge is 6mm, powdery additive materials are gathered at the position 5mm away from the compression nozzle, the gathering diameter is 2.5mm, the swing amplitude is 5mm, the cladding current is 38A, the base value current is 25A, the maintaining arc current is 16A, the ionic gas flow is 0.2L/min, the protective gas flow is 1.5L/min, the powder granularity is 50 mu m to 100 mu m, the linear speed of the plasma arc gun is 15mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 34%.
And step S4, repeating the steps S2 to S3 until the thickness of the cladding layer 3 on the blade is 4 mm. Before repeating the step S2, the surface of the previous cladding layer 3 needs to be polished to remove the oxide layer on the surface.
In step S5, the five knife blanks 1 are separated by a cutter.
Step S6, carrying out low-temperature stress relief and tempering heat treatment on all the cutter blanks 1;
and step S7, sequentially grinding, polishing and edging the knife blank 1 after heat treatment to obtain a finished cutter.
Through tests, the hardness, the sharpness and the durability of the three plasma additive manufacturing tools arranged in the middle are basically consistent with those of the plasma additive manufacturing tool of the example 4. However, because the two outermost plasma additive manufacturing tools do not have the retarding effect of the backing plate 2, the additive material on the two outermost plasma additive manufacturing tools flows outwards in a high-temperature melting state, so that the height of the cladding layer 3 of the two outermost plasma additive manufacturing tools is lower than that of the cladding layer 3 of the three middle plasma additive manufacturing tools, that is, the cladding layer 3 cannot completely cover the blade, and the later grinding and edging are affected.
Cutting tool embodiments
A cutter is prepared by any one of the preparation methods. The cutter comprises a cutter blank 1 and a cladding layer 3, wherein the cladding layer 3 is arranged on the cutting edge of the cutter blank 1.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a micro-beam plasma additive manufacturing cutter is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
fixing the cutter blank on a clamp, so that the cutting edge of the cutter blank faces upwards;
base plates are arranged around the periphery of the knife blank respectively, and a containing cavity is formed by the base plates and the cutting edges;
melting the additive material arranged on the blade by taking plasma arc as a heat source to form a cladding layer on the blade, wherein the cladding layer is arranged in the accommodating cavity;
carrying out heat treatment on the cutter blank;
and sequentially grinding, polishing and edging the knife blank.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the upper portion of each backing plate all is higher than cutting edge 2mm to 5mm, each the lower part of backing plate all with the tight laminating of sword blank.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
the cutter blanks are fixed on the clamp in a way that a plurality of cutter blanks are attached side by side, and the base plates are arranged on the periphery of the plurality of cutter blanks;
before the heat treatment, a plurality of knife blanks are cut one by one.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the plasma arc is the micro-beam plasma arc that the plasma arc rifle produced, the diameter of the compression nozzle of plasma arc rifle is 1mm to 2mm, the diameter of micro-beam plasma arc is 1mm to 5mm, the length of micro-beam plasma arc is 5mm to 8 mm.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
the microbeam plasma additive manufacturing parameters include: the distance between the compression nozzle and the surface of the cutting edge is 5 mm-8 mm, the swing amplitude is 0-5 mm, the cladding current is 20A-40A, the maintaining arc current is 12A-20A, the base value current is 20A-30A, the cladding time is 140 ms-160 ms, the interval time is 70 ms-85 ms, the ionic gas flow is 0.1L/min-0.3L/min, the protective gas flow is 1L/min-4L/min, the powder granularity is 45 mu m-120 mu m, the linear speed of a plasma arc gun is 0-20 mm/s, and the overlapping rate is 20% -40%.
6. The production method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that:
the additive material is provided in powder form and is delivered to the blade by being laid and compacted on the blade in advance or by a synchronous delivery device.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein:
the additive materials conveyed by the synchronous conveying device are converged at a position 3mm to 7mm away from the compression nozzle, and the convergence diameter is 1mm to 4 mm.
8. The production method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that:
the additive material is arranged into a wire material and is conveyed to the blade through the synchronous conveying assembly.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the additive material conveyed by the synchronous conveying component contacts and interacts with the micro-beam plasma arc at a distance of 3mm to 7mm from the compression nozzle.
10. A cutter, including the sword base, its characterized in that:
the cutting tool is manufactured by the manufacturing method of any one of the claims 1 to 9, and the cladding layer is arranged on the cutting edge of the cutter blank.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910542282.0A CN110106501B (en) | 2019-06-21 | 2019-06-21 | Cutter manufactured by micro-beam plasma additive manufacturing and preparation method thereof |
| PCT/CN2019/111074 WO2020252992A1 (en) | 2019-06-21 | 2019-10-14 | Cutter manufactured by using plasma additional material and preparation method therefor |
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| CN201910542282.0A CN110106501B (en) | 2019-06-21 | 2019-06-21 | Cutter manufactured by micro-beam plasma additive manufacturing and preparation method thereof |
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| CN110106501B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-05-01 | 阳江市五金刀剪产业技术研究院 | Cutter manufactured by micro-beam plasma additive manufacturing and preparation method thereof |
| CN110560858B (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2022-04-01 | 辽宁科技大学 | Method for producing composite cutter blank by applying plasma surfacing process |
| CN111607756A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-01 | 广东金辉刀剪股份有限公司 | Plasma coating process for cutting edge of cutter |
| CN114799734A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2022-07-29 | 陈远明 | Alloy powder sleeve cutter and alloy filling method thereof |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4864094A (en) * | 1988-01-13 | 1989-09-05 | Metallurgical Industries, Inc. | Process of fabricating a cutting edge on a tool and a cutting tool made thereby |
| JP2000246450A (en) * | 1999-03-04 | 2000-09-12 | Nippon Steel Weld Prod & Eng Co Ltd | Plasma arc build-up welding method of extra-low melting point metal |
| US8240046B2 (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2012-08-14 | General Electric Company | Methods for making near net shape airfoil leading edge protection |
| CN103061759B (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2015-02-25 | 山西潞安环保能源开发股份有限公司五阳煤矿 | Coal mining cutting tooth processed through microbeam plasma arc surface cladding and processing method thereof |
| CN106119838B (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2022-02-11 | 阳江市五金刀剪产业技术研究院 | Cutter for strengthening cutting edge by laser cladding technology |
| CN107695496A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2018-02-16 | 内蒙古机集团瑞特精密工模具有限公司 | A kind of method of plasma arc powder surfacing technology manufacture high-speed steel circle scissors |
| CN208147899U (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-11-27 | 武汉苏泊尔炊具有限公司 | Cutter |
| CN108914113B (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2019-11-05 | 苏州科技大学 | A kind of method of ultrasonic wave assisted plasma beam cladding high entropy alloy coating |
| CN108611637B (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2020-05-29 | 沈阳农业大学 | Surface plasma cladding method for agricultural straw cutting knife |
| CN109514060A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-03-26 | 洛阳金鹭硬质合金工具有限公司 | A kind of method of built-up welding scraper wearing layer |
| CN110106501B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-05-01 | 阳江市五金刀剪产业技术研究院 | Cutter manufactured by micro-beam plasma additive manufacturing and preparation method thereof |
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| CN110106501A (en) | 2019-08-09 |
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