CN108453345B - Blade processing method - Google Patents
Blade processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108453345B CN108453345B CN201810538984.7A CN201810538984A CN108453345B CN 108453345 B CN108453345 B CN 108453345B CN 201810538984 A CN201810538984 A CN 201810538984A CN 108453345 B CN108453345 B CN 108453345B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
- B23K35/0266—Rods, electrodes, wires flux-cored
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of cutter manufacturing, and particularly relates to a blade processing method. The invention discloses a blade processing method, aiming at solving the problem of high manufacturing cost of a cutter when the cutter is made of imported high-quality steel to improve the blade performance of the cutter. The blade processing method specifically comprises the following steps: step S1, preparing for manufacturing the cutter body, and cleaning the cutter blade; step S2, processing the blade strengthening layer by adopting a composite mode of welding and laser cladding; and step S3, carrying out coping treatment on the blade reinforcing layer to obtain the final cutting blade. When the method is adopted to treat the cutting edge of the cutter, the performance of the cutting edge can be greatly improved, the use effect of the cutter is ensured, the requirement on the material of the cutter body can be reduced, and the cost of the cutter is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cutter manufacturing, and particularly relates to a blade processing method.
Background
The stainless steel is generally selected as the manufacturing material of the cutter in China, and in order to ensure the final use performance of the cutter, after the cutter body is manufactured and formed by punching, the strength, the hardness and the wear resistance of the cutter body are improved by a heat treatment technology. However, the hardness of the cutting edge of the cutting tool made of the common martensitic stainless steel after heat treatment and strengthening can only reach about 600HV, and the hardness value cannot meet the requirements of people on the performances of high hardness, high wear resistance and the like which should be possessed by a high-end cutting tool.
At present, many domestic enterprises directly select foreign high-quality steel as the material of the cutter, for example, select japanese multi-layer steel to manufacture a high-performance cutter, so as to ensure the performance of the final cutter, especially the hardness of the blade part, but this will greatly increase the purchase cost of the cutter material, which leads to the increase of the manufacturing cost of the cutter, and further increases the price of the cutter.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a blade processing method, aiming at solving the problem of high manufacturing cost of a cutter when the cutter is made of imported high-quality steel to improve the blade performance of the cutter. The blade processing method specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, preparing for manufacturing the cutter body, and cleaning the cutter blade;
step S2, processing the blade strengthening layer by adopting a composite mode of welding and laser cladding; firstly, pre-melting a welding wire in a welding mode and fixing the welding wire on the upper surface of the blade along the length direction of the blade to form a cladding layer on the upper surface of the blade so as to obtain a blade reinforcing layer;
and step S3, carrying out coping treatment on the blade reinforcing layer to obtain the final cutting blade.
Preferably, in step S2, the welding wire is a flux-cored welding wire; the flux-cored wire is characterized in that the flux of the flux-cored wire is mixed powder of hard particle powder and cutter body material powder, and a common steel belt is used for wrapping the flux.
More preferably, the medicament is TiC particle reinforced iron-based composite powder, and the main components are TiC powder, Cr powder, Mo powder, Si powder, Ni powder, C powder, B powder, fluoride, chloride and Fe powder.
Further preferably, the medicament comprises the following main components in percentage by mass: 5 to 25 percent of TiC powder, 14 to 17 percent of Cr powder, 0.6 to 0.75 percent of Mo powder, 1 to 1.5 percent of Si powder, 7 to 10 percent of Ni powder, 0.1 to 0.25 percent of C powder, 2 to 4 percent of B powder, 0 to 2 percent of fluoride, 0 to 2 percent of chloride and the balance of Fe powder.
Further preferably, the diameter of the flux-cored wire is equal to or less than the width of the blade.
Preferably, in step S2, TIG welding is used for the welding.
Further preferably, the main process parameters of TIG welding are: the welding current is 80-220A, the arc voltage is 12-20V, the welding speed is 2-5 mm/s, and the TIG welding gun and the upper surface of the blade form an inclined angle of 65-70 degrees; the main process parameters of laser cladding are as follows: the laser power is 1-2 KW, the diameter of a light spot is 2mm, the defocusing amount is 3mm, and the angle between a laser head and the surface of a cutting edge is 90 degrees; the composite protective gas is argon, and the gas flow is 8L/min.
Preferably, in step S2, the laser cladding uses a semiconductor laser beam.
A cutting tool, wherein the cutting edge portion of the cutting tool is obtained by processing according to the method.
Preferably, the base material of the cutter is 3Cr13 stainless steel.
When the method of the invention is adopted to carry out blade treatment on the cutter, the method has the following beneficial effects:
1. by adopting the method, the cladding layer is arranged on the blade part made of the conventional stainless steel material by utilizing the composite technology of welding and laser cladding, so that the performance of the blade part is improved by virtue of the high hardness, the high strength and the wear resistance of the cladding layer, and the final service performance of the cutter is provided. Therefore, the cutter body can be directly machined by adopting conventional common steel, so that the material cost is greatly reduced, and the manufacturing cost of the cutter is reduced.
2. According to the invention, the cladding powder is prefabricated into the flux-cored wire, the flux-cored wire is pre-melted by using electric arc generated by a lower welding power supply and is accurately fixed on the upper surface of the blade, then the flux-cored wire is completely melted by using a laser cladding technology to form a cladding layer covering the upper surface of the blade, and finally the accurate cladding treatment of the blade is realized. Therefore, the utilization rate of cladding powder can be improved, the powder falling amount in the conventional powder feeding process is reduced, components in the cladding powder can be uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the cutting edge, and the final performance of a cladding layer is ensured. Meanwhile, the method can ensure that the effective cladding layer thickness can be formed after each cladding treatment, and avoids the repeated cladding treatment due to the uneven cladding layer thickness in the powder feeding cladding, thereby improving the cladding quality and efficiency and further improving the treatment efficiency of the blade.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a blade edge of a cutting tool being treated using the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an SEM topography of the cladding layer obtained in example 1;
FIG. 3 is an SEM topography of the cladding layer obtained in comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The method for processing the cutting edge comprises the following steps of:
step S1, preparation for manufacturing the cutter body is performed, and the blade portion of the cutter body is subjected to cleaning processing.
In the invention, the cutter body can be machined by one-step forming through laser cutting or manufactured by one-step forming through stamping. After the cutter body is prepared, the cutting edge part needs to be polished and cleaned to remove rust and oil stains on the surface of the cutting edge, so that the subsequent quality and effect of cutting edge treatment are ensured. After the above-described treatment is completed, the body portion of the cutter is fixed by means of a jig so that the blade faces upward.
And step S2, processing the blade part by adopting a composite mode of welding and laser cladding to obtain the blade reinforcing layer. Firstly, pre-melting a welding wire by means of a welding process along the length direction of the blade, accurately fixing the welding wire on the upper surface of the blade, and then carrying out cladding treatment on the welding wire fixed on the blade by utilizing laser to form a cladding layer on the upper surface of the blade so as to obtain a blade reinforcing layer.
In the invention, the flux-cored wire is adopted as the welding wire, wherein the flux of the flux-cored wire is mixed powder of hard particle powder and cutter body material powder, and the flux is wrapped by a common steel belt. Therefore, the connection performance of the medicament and the cutter body can be improved by utilizing the material powder of the cutter body, and a hard particle cladding layer can be formed at the blade part by utilizing the hard particle powder, so that the strength, the hardness and the wear resistance of the blade part are greatly improved.
In addition, when the cutting edge treatment is carried out on the cutting tool with stainless steel as a base material, the medicament can adopt TiC particle reinforced iron-based composite powder, the main components of the composite powder are TiC powder, Cr powder, Mo powder, Si powder, Ni powder, C powder, B powder, fluoride, chloride and Fe powder, and the mass percentages of the main components in the medicament are as follows: 5 to 25 percent of TiC powder, 14 to 17 percent of Cr powder, 0.6 to 0.75 percent of Mo powder, 1 to 1.5 percent of Si powder, 7 to 10 percent of Ni powder, 0.1 to 0.25 percent of C powder, 2 to 4 percent of B powder, 0 to 2 percent of fluoride, 0 to 2 percent of chloride and the balance of Fe powder. Similarly, according to the difference of specific cutter body materials and the difference of performance requirements of the blade strengthening layer, agents with different components are selected to manufacture the welding wire, and the corresponding blade strengthening layer is processed.
Preferably, in the present invention, when the pre-melting and fixing of the welding wire is performed by a TIG welding method, the welding wire fixed on the upper surface of the blade is subjected to a synchronous cladding process by using a laser technique, so as to obtain a final cladding layer.
Wherein, adopt the pulse mode when carrying out TIG welding, its main welding process parameter is: the welding current is 80-220A, the arc voltage is 12-20V, the welding speed is 2-5 mm/s, and an inclined angle of 65-70 degrees is kept between the TIG welding gun and the upper surface of the cutting edge. The laser cladding adopts semiconductor laser beams, and the main process parameters are as follows: laser power is 1 ~ 2KW, and the facula diameter is 2mm, and defocusing volume is 3mm, and the laser head is 90 perpendicular arrangements with the cutting edge surface to adopt the gas flow to be the argon gas of 8L/min as compound protective gas.
Similarly, other welding modes can be selected according to specific situations for pre-melting and fixing the welding wire, and other laser beams can be adopted for laser cladding treatment, such as CO2Gas laser beam, Nd: YAG solid laser beam or fiber laser beam.
In addition, in the invention, the diameter of the welding wire is preferably designed to be less than or equal to the thickness of the blade part, so that the upper surface of the blade can completely support the melted welding wire, and the overflow of the melted welding wire is avoided, thereby improving the utilization rate of the welding wire, reducing waste and lowering processing cost. In addition, if the upper surface of the cutting edge cannot be completely covered after single-pass cladding treatment, the cladding treatment of the welding wire can be carried out again, and the quality of the finally obtained cutting edge strengthening layer is ensured through multiple passes of treatment.
And step S3, carrying out sharpening treatment on the edge strengthening layer of the cutter after the treatment to obtain the final cutting edge. The grinding treatment method of the blade strengthening layer comprises grinding, machining or abrasion, and the specific grinding mode can be selected according to actual needs.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the method of the present invention is used for treating the blade position of a cutting tool made of 3Cr13 stainless steel with a thickness of 2mm as a base material, and comprises the following main processes:
first, preparation of the flux cored wire 1 is performed, and the outer diameter dimension of the wire 1 is processed to 2mm, corresponding to the width dimension of the blade 2. Wherein, select 316L stainless steel tubular product as the steel band of parcel medicament for use, the medicament is by the weight percent respectively: 15% of TiC powder, 17% of Cr powder, 0.8% of Mo powder, 1.2% of Si powder, 7% of Ni powder, 0.2% of C powder, 3% of B powder, 0.5% of fluoride powder, 0.5% of chloride powder, and the balance of Fe powder.
And then, performing combined treatment of TIG welding and laser cladding on the flux-cored wire on the upper surface of the blade. The flux-cored wire 1 is pre-melted and accurately fixed at the position of the upper surface of the cutting edge 2 by means of an electric arc generated by a TIG welding gun 3 along the length direction of the cutting edge 2, and meanwhile, the flux-cored wire 1 fixed on the upper surface of the cutting edge 2 is synchronously clad by means of a laser 4 along the length direction of the cutting edge 2, so that a cladding layer is formed on the upper surface of the cutting edge 2, and the cutting edge reinforcing layer 5 is obtained.
The main parameters of TIG welding are as follows: the welding current is 130A, the arc voltage is 15V, the welding speed is 4mm/s, and an inclination angle of 70 degrees is formed between the TIG welding gun and the upper surface of the cutting edge; the main parameters of laser cladding are as follows: the laser power of the laser beam is 1.5KW, the diameter of a light spot is 2mm, the defocusing amount is 3mm, the laser head and the upper surface of the cutting edge are in a 90-degree vertical relation, the composite protective gas selects argon, and the gas flow is controlled to be 8L/min.
Finally, the obtained edge reinforcing layer 5 is subjected to grinding, machining or abrasion treatment, thereby finally obtaining a cutting edge.
Comparative example 1
The conventional laser cladding method is adopted to directly clad the blade part of the cutter which adopts 3Cr13 stainless steel with the thickness of 2mm as the base material. The components of the cladding powder are the same as the components of the traditional Chinese medicine cored welding wire in the embodiment 1, and the cladding powder is directly conveyed to the upper surface of the blade by adopting a conventional powder feeder. At the same time, the same laser cladding parameters as in example 1 were used, with the difference that the laser power of the laser beam was 2KW, so as to obtain the corresponding cladding layer and to obtain the cutting edge by treatment.
Next, the performance analysis was performed on the cutting edges obtained in example 1 and comparative example 1.
The hardness values shown in table 1 were obtained by performing hardness detection on five different point positions of the cutting edge, respectively, and taking the average value. SEM topography maps as shown in fig. 2 and 3 were obtained by SEM topography analysis of the cutting edges in example 1 and comparative example 1, respectively.
TABLE 1
In combination with the data in table 1, comparing the hardness of the edge obtained in example 1, the hardness of the edge obtained in comparative example 1 and the hardness of the edge of the ordinary martensitic stainless steel tool subjected to heat treatment using the prior art in the background art, it can be clearly found that: 1) after the conventional stainless steel is treated by adopting a TIG welding and laser cladding composite method, the blade with the average hardness of 1100HV can be obtained, and the hardness value of the blade is far higher than the hardness value of 600HV of the blade when the common stainless steel is adopted in the prior art; 2) the maximum hardness difference between different positions of the cladding layer in the embodiment 1 is only 50HV, while the maximum hardness difference between different point positions of the cladding layer in the comparative example 1 can reach 305HV, so that the cladding layer with the hardness equivalent to that of the cladding layer obtained by the conventional laser cladding treatment can be obtained by adopting the method disclosed by the invention, the hardness distribution of the whole cladding layer is more balanced, and the integral wear resistance of the blade is better.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the SEM topography of the cladding layer in comparative example 1 and the SEM topography of the cladding layer in comparative example 1 can find that: the method of the invention can obtain the cladding layer with more uniform hard particle powder distribution, while the hard particle powder obtained in the comparative example 1 has the problem of uneven distribution in the cladding layer, and TiC hard particles in the cladding layer agglomerate, thereby causing the defects of air holes, cracks and the like in the cladding layer tissue and influencing the service performance and the service life of the whole cutter.
In addition, during the operation of example 1 and comparative example 1, it was found through statistics of the energy power used and the utilization rate of the cladding powder that: 1) the energy used in example 1 was 1.5KW of laser power and 130A of TIG welding current, whereas the laser power used in comparative example 1 required 2KW to ensure effective melting of the cladding powder; 2) through the calculation of the usage amount of the cladding powder, the utilization rate of the cladding powder in the embodiment 1 reaches 95%, while in the comparative example 1, due to the fact that the width of the blade is small, a large amount of powder directly drops in the powder feeding process, effective cladding operation cannot be carried out, and the utilization rate of the cladding powder is only 78%. Moreover, in the process, repeated cladding treatment is required for many times to ensure the thickness of the finally obtained cladding layer. Through the comparison, the method of the invention not only can greatly reduce the input amount of laser power and welding power and reduce energy consumption, but also can greatly improve the utilization rate and cladding efficiency of cladding powder, thereby reducing cost and improving productivity.
Claims (4)
1. A blade processing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, preparing for manufacturing the cutter body, and cleaning the cutter blade;
step S2, processing the blade strengthening layer by adopting a composite mode of welding and laser cladding; firstly, pre-melting a welding wire in a welding mode and fixing the welding wire on the upper surface of the blade along the length direction of the blade, and then carrying out cladding treatment on the welding wire fixed on the blade by using laser to form a cladding layer on the upper surface of the blade so as to obtain a blade reinforcing layer;
step S3, carrying out coping treatment on the blade reinforcing layer to obtain a final cutting blade;
in the step S2, the welding wire is a flux-cored wire; the flux-cored wire is characterized in that a flux of the flux-cored wire is mixed powder of hard particle powder and cutter body material powder, and a common steel belt is used for wrapping the flux; the medicament adopts TiC particle reinforced iron-based composite powder, and the main components of the medicament are TiC powder, Cr powder, Mo powder, Si powder, Ni powder, C powder, B powder, fluoride, chloride and Fe powder; the medicament comprises the following main components in percentage by mass: 5 to 25 percent of TiC powder, 14 to 17 percent of Cr powder, 0.6 to 0.75 percent of Mo powder, 1 to 1.5 percent of Si powder, 7 to 10 percent of Ni powder, 0.1 to 0.25 percent of C powder, 2 to 4 percent of B powder, 0 to 2 percent of fluoride, 0 to 2 percent of chloride and the balance of Fe powder;
in the step S2, TIG welding is adopted for the welding, and a semiconductor laser beam is adopted for laser cladding; the main technological parameters of TIG welding are as follows: the welding current is 80-220A, the arc voltage is 12-20V, the welding speed is 2-5 mm/s, and the TIG welding gun and the upper surface of the blade form an inclined angle of 65-70 degrees; the main process parameters of laser cladding are as follows: the laser power is 1-2 KW, the diameter of a light spot is 2mm, the defocusing amount is 3mm, and the angle between the laser head and the upper surface of the cutting edge is 90 degrees; the composite protective gas is argon, and the gas flow is 8L/min.
2. The blade treatment method according to claim 1, wherein a diameter dimension of the flux cored wire is equal to or less than a width dimension of the blade.
3. A tool, characterized in that the edge portion of the tool is obtained by treatment according to any one of the preceding claims 1-2.
4. The tool according to claim 3, wherein the substrate material of the tool is 3Cr13 stainless steel.
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| CN110076537B (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2021-11-19 | 晋江特锐模具有限公司 | Production method of rotary cutter |
| CN110218947B (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2021-03-23 | 珠海粤清特环保科技有限公司 | Alloy material and application thereof |
| CN110181241A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-08-30 | 李坚 | A kind of blade production technology |
| CN110424002B (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2022-03-15 | 阳江市五金刀剪产业技术研究院 | Composite coating, preparation method and application |
| CN112935740B (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-10-01 | 宁波艾赛德航空科技有限公司 | Machining process of special tool for forming inner cavity of aerospace engine |
| CN113278962B (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2022-12-09 | 北京工业大学 | Preparation method of laser cladding layer of cutter edge based on powder-cored welding wire deep melting mode |
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| US20130087543A1 (en) * | 2011-10-06 | 2013-04-11 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Apparatus and method for post weld laser release of gas build up in a gmaw weld |
| CN104014934B (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2016-08-24 | 兰州理工大学 | It is applicable to the electric arc auxiliary laser melt-brazing method of foreign material docking |
| CN105562690A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-05-11 | 阳江市五金刀剪产业技术研究院 | Additive manufacturing material and blade additive manufacturing technique using same |
| CN106119838B (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2022-02-11 | 阳江市五金刀剪产业技术研究院 | Cutter for strengthening cutting edge by laser cladding technology |
| CN106825930A (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-06-13 | 沈阳中航华晟激光技术有限公司 | A kind of laser-arc weldering composite cladding remanufactures the device of railway train wheel |
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