CN110086547B - Threshold-adjustable optimal controlled quantum invisible state transfer method for arbitrary unknown n particles - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optimal controlled quantum invisible state transfer method for any unknown n particles with adjustable threshold values. The inventionA threshold value adjustable arbitrary unknown n particle optimal controlled quantum invisible state transfer method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the central service node prepares corresponding entangled state, and distributes corresponding entangled particles to Alice and Bob of both communication parties through quantum channels, and three control groups C1、C2、C3Any one member of (a); three control groups C1、C2、C3The other members of the system take particles sent by the central service node as control quanta and take |0>And executing the C-NOT operation as the target quantum bit to generate the control particle. The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. according to the optimal controlled quantum invisible transmission method for any unknown n particles with the adjustable threshold value, the safety and flexibility of information transmission are realized by the optimal controlled method with the adjustable threshold value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quantum, in particular to an optimal controlled quantum invisible state transfer method for any unknown n particles with adjustable threshold values.
Background
Quantum information and quantum computing are emerging interdisciplinary disciplines established on the basis of quantum mechanical principles, classical information science and classical computing science. Due to the characteristics of superposition, non-clonality, inaccurate measurement and the like of the quantum state, the quantum communication has the unique advantages of large communication capacity, high safety and the like, and can be widely applied to the fields of military affairs, national defense, information safety and the like. Among them, quantum communication products with practical value have been gradually applied thanks to the constantly updated and perfected protocols of each branch such as quantum secure direct communication, quantum conversation, quantum key distribution, etc.
Quantum stealth transport states were proposed by Bennett et al in 1993 [1]Since then, this technology has been regarded as one of the important bases for realizing quantum communication. Unlike super-dense coding, which uses shared entanglement and quantum channels to transmit classical information, quantum invisible transport is one that is unknown using shared entanglement, local operations and classical communicationThe quantum state is invisibly transmitted to a remote receiving end. In the quantum stealth state, Alice and Bob share a bell state | ψ>ABAs a quantum channel, firstly Alice performs bell state measurement on the particle to be transmitted and the particle A owned by Alice, and sends the measurement result to Bob through a classical channel. After obtaining the measurement result of Alice, Bob performs corresponding unitary transformation on the own particle B, and can recover the state of the original particle to be transmitted. Information transmission and information processing processes between two communication parties can be completed by using a quantum invisible state principle, and a repeater of a quantum communication network is constructed by depending on the quantum invisible state principle.
The traditional technology has the following technical problems:
research on the invisible quantum state has been actively conducted in recent years. Pirandola [2] et al summarized the progress of the quantum invisible states in 2015, and they reviewed the basic theoretical idea of quantum invisible states and their different protocols. By focusing on the discussion of major experiments, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the various technical techniques, open questions, challenges, and future possible implementations are finally discussed. In 2017, Ren 3 et al performed quantum invisible transmission experiments with the ground through ink numbers, which indicated that the quantum invisible transmission of the independent single photon quantum state from the ground observation station to the low earth orbit satellite can reach 1400 km through the uplink channel. The distance for quantum stealth propagation using fiber channel or terrestrial free space channel is about 100 km due to the photon loss.
Meanwhile, the research on a multi-energy level quantum system [4], a multi-bit quantum invisible state transfer system [5-9] and a controllable quantum invisible state transfer system [8-12] also produces a great deal of excellent results. In 2015, Zhang, b. et al proposed a three-bit quantum state invisible transmission scheme based on four-bit entangled state, which indicated that the four-bit entangled state can be utilized, and an auxiliary bit and a c-Not operation are simultaneously introduced to realize the invisible transmission of three-bit quantum state [7 ]. In 2016, Verma [11] et al clearly proposed a standard quantum stealth and control quantum stealth protocol, and analyzed the situation of complete stealth state by using general quantum channels and measurement bases. At the same time, Xu 12 et al propose a controlled quantum invisible transport protocol in which quantum information in an unknown state is truthfully transmitted from a sender (Alice) to a remote receiver (Bob) via GHZ entangled particles under the control of Charlie, a controller. Research into controlled quantum stealth states typically involves a fixed number of controlling parties, which limits the availability and flexibility of protocols that cannot be implemented if some of them are sometimes unable to provide service.
[1]C.H.Bennett,G.Brassard,et al.Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels.Phys.Rev.Lett.,1993,70(13)
[2]Pirandola S.,Eisert J.,Weedbrook C.,et al.Advances in quantum teleportation.Nature Photonics,2015,9(10):5439-5439.
[3]Ren J.G.,Xu P.,Yong H.L.,et al.Ground-to-satellite quantum teleportation.Nature,2017,549(7670):70-73
[4]S.K.Goyal,P.E.Boukama-Dzoussi,S.Ghosh,et al.,“Qudit-Teleportation for photons with linear optics”,Nature Scientific Reports,2014,4(13):4543
[5]Li,YH.,Li,XL.,Nie,LP.,et al.,“Quantum Teleportation of Three and Four-Qubit State Using Multi-qubit Cluster States”,International Journal of Theoretical Physics,2016,55(3):1820-1823
[6]Li,Z.,Long,LR.,Zhou,P.,et al.,“Probabilistic multiparty-controlled teleportation of an arbitrary m-qubit state with a pure entangled quantum channel against collective noise”,Science China Physics Mechanics&Astronomy,2012,55(12):2445-2451
[7]Zhang,B.,Liu,X.,Wang,J.,et al.,“Quantum Teleportation of a Three-qubit State using a Four-qubit Entangled State”,International Conference on Computer,2015,53(12):4079-4082
[8]Wang,JW.,Shu,L.,Mo,ZW.,et al.,“Controlled Teleportation of a Qudit State by Partially Entangled GHZ States”,International Journal of Theoretical Physics,2014,53(8):2867-2873
[9]Zhou,P.,Li,XH.,Deng,FG.,et al.,“Multiparty-controlled teleportation of an arbitrary m-qudit state with pure entangled quantum channel”,Journal of Physics A Mathematical&Theoretical,2012,40(43):13121-13130
[10]Cao H.J.,Yu Y.F.,Song Q.,et al.A Quantum Proxy Weak Blind Signature Scheme Based on Controlled Quantum Teleportation.International Journal of Theoretical Physics,2015,54(4):1325-1333
[11]Verma V.,Prakash H.,Standard Quantum Teleportation and Controlled Quantum Teleportation of an Arbitrary N-Qubit Information State.International Journal of Theoretical Physics,2016,55(4):2061-2070
[12]Xu X.,Wang X.,Controlled Quantum Teleportation via the GHZ Entangled Ions in the Ion-Trapped System.International Journal of Theoretical Physics,2016,55(8):3551-3554。
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an optimal controlled quantum invisible state transfer method for any unknown n particle with adjustable threshold value
To achieve security and flexibility of communication, we introduce three control groups, each of which can have any number of members. In the process of determining the quantum channel, each group can randomly select members to carry out single particle measurement and publish the measurement result. The more members are controlled, the more flexibility is required, because the condition that the individual members cannot provide the service still does not affect the whole communication process. The techniques involved in the scheme have a large number of theoretical and experimental bases and are therefore feasible. In addition, the bell state measurement and the single particle measurement designed by the protocol and four unitary operations are practical and feasible, so that the scheme is simpleSimple and easy to operate.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an optimal controlled quantum invisible state transfer method for any unknown n particle with adjustable threshold value, which comprises the following steps:
the central service node prepares corresponding entangled states and distributes corresponding particles to Alice and Bob of both communication parties and three control groups C1、C2、C3Any one member of (a);
and the central service node prepares corresponding entangled states, including two bell states and an entangled state GHZ state and a W state required by the controller. Wherein the two bell states, GHZ state and W state have the following forms:
the overall state of the system can be expressed as follows:
from the above formula, it can be seen that the particles A, B constitute the bell state | ψi>AB(i＝0,1)。
Assume that the particle to be transferred is a single particle: phin>＝α|0>+β|1>Wherein α, β are complex numbers and satisfy | α! α -2+|β|21. The overall system state can be written as:
from the above equation, the following table can be summarized between the measurement result of the controller, the measurement result of Alice, and the unitary operation that Bob needs to perform:
the three control groups C1、C2、C3Can be dynamically changed according to actual traffic demands, and the state of the particles held by all members in each control group is the same. The particle distribution of the central service node is completed through a quantum channel.
Three control groups C1、C2、C3The other members of the system take particles sent by the central service node as control quanta and take |0>Performing C-NOT operation as a target quantum bit to generate a control particle; wherein the C-NOT operation has the following characteristics: when the control qubit is |0>Then, the target qubit state remains unchanged; when the control qubit state is |1>The target qubit state is flipped. This ensures that all members of each group have control particles in the same state.
The three control groups C1、C2、C3May consist of any number of members and it must be noted that the reliability of the system will increase as the number of members increases, since a control group consisting of a plurality of members may allow some members to be dropped. So each of the three control groups picks at least one member from its group that performs a single bit measurement on the control particle it owns.
Selecting any member from the three control groups respectively, carrying out single-bit measurement on the control particles owned by the member, simultaneously carrying out bell measurement on the particles n and A to be transmitted by Alice, and publishing respective measurement results of the members through a classical channel; if the measurement results are the same, then the control state of the measurement results is proved to be the GHZ state, and if the measurement results are not completely the same, the control state is proved to be the W state.
The Alice carries out bell measurement on the particles n and A to be transmitted, and the obtained measurement result | psii>nAIn the form of four bell states: phii>nA(i ═ 0,1,2, 3). Wherein,
and Bob executes corresponding unitary transformation on the particle B according to the measurement result of the control party and the measurement result of Alice, thereby restoring the state of the particle n to be transmitted. Wherein the unitary transform has the form:
by establishing multiple channels, Alice can convert a quantum state consisting of n unknown particles
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the threshold value adjustable optimal controlled quantum invisible transmission method for any unknown n particles realizes the safety and flexibility of information transmission by the threshold value adjustable optimal controlled method, so that the unknown state to be transmitted is in an unknown state
During transmission, three control groups are introduced, and each group can have any number of members. In the process of determining the quantum channel, each group can randomly select members to execute single particle measurement and publish the measurement result. The more members are controlled, the more flexibility is required, because the condition that the individual members cannot provide the service still does not affect the whole communication process.
2. According to the optimal controlled quantum stealth transmission method for the random unknown n particles with the adjustable threshold value, the bell-state quantum channel is finally established between the source node Alice and the destination node Bob, single particle measurement, bell-based measurement, classical communication and four local operations required in the whole process can be realized, and the protocol is simple and easy to use.
3. According to the optimal controlled quantum stealth transmission method for any unknown n particles with the adjustable threshold value, the number of people in a control group is dynamically adjustable, so that the scheme can generate an optimal control result no matter whether the method is applied to a scene with high or low safety requirements. And secondly, all control members do not need to participate in the control process at the same time, so that the situation that the whole communication process cannot be completed under the condition that individual members cannot provide services is avoided, and the implementation flexibility of the scheme is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the optimal controlled quantum stealth state method for any unknown n-particles with adjustable threshold values according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of particle distribution of a central service node to a source node Alice, a destination node Bob and three control groups in the threshold-adjustable arbitrary unknown n-particle optimal controlled quantum stealth stateful method of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic transmission diagram of the particle n invisibly transmitted by the source node Alice after the Bell channel is established between the source node Alice and the destination node Bob in the arbitrary unknown n-particle optimal controlled quantum invisibly state transmission method with adjustable threshold value.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following figures and specific examples so that those skilled in the art may better understand the present invention and practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
The main realization idea of the invention is as follows: in a quantum-based communication system, a source node Alice and a destination node Bob determine the form of a quantum channel between the source node Alice and the destination node Bob with the aid of a control group to complete unknown quantum states
The stealth delivery process of (1). And partial members in the two control groups carry out single particle measurement on the own particles and publish the measurement results to Alice and Bob. Alice and Bob can analyze the form of a specific quantum channel between the two, thereby promoting efficient and safe transmission of information.
Referring to fig. 2, the threshold value adjustable optimal controlled quantum stealth transmission method for any unknown n particles, provided by the invention, comprises the following specific implementation steps:
step 1, the central service node prepares corresponding entangled states, and distributes corresponding particles to Alice and Bob of both communication parties and three control groups C1、C2、C3Any one member of (a);
and the central service node prepares corresponding entangled states, including two bell states and an entangled state GHZ state and a W state required by the controller. Two of the bell states are of the form:
the overall state of the system can be expressed as follows:
from the above formula, it can be seen that the particles A, B constitute the bell state | ψi>AB(i＝0,1)。
Assume that the particle to be transferred is a single particle: phin>＝α|0>+β|1>Wherein α, β are complex numbers and satisfy | α! α -2+|β|21. The overall system state can be written as:
from the above equation, the following table can be summarized between the measurement result of the controller, the measurement result of Alice, and the unitary operation that Bob needs to perform:
the three control groups C1、C2、C3Can be dynamically changed according to actual traffic demands, and the state of the particles held by all members in each control group is the same. InThe distribution of the particles of the core service node is accomplished through quantum channels.
Step 2, three control groups C1、C2、C3The other members of the system take particles sent by the central service node as control quanta and take |0>Performing C-NOT operation as a target quantum bit to generate a control particle;
the three control groups C1、C2、C3The other members of the system take particles sent by the central service node as control quanta and take |0>Performing C-NOT operation as a target quantum bit to generate a control particle; wherein the C-NOT operation has the following characteristics: when the state of the control qubit is |0>Then, the target qubit state remains unchanged; when the control qubit state is |1>The target qubit state is flipped. This ensures that all members of each group have control particles in the same state.
The three control groups C1、C2、C3May consist of any number of members and it must be noted that the reliability of the system will increase as the number of members increases, since a control group consisting of a plurality of members may allow some members to be dropped. So each of the three control groups picks at least one member from its group that performs a single bit measurement on the control particle it owns.
Step 3, selecting any member from the three control groups respectively, carrying out single-bit measurement on the control particles owned by the member, simultaneously carrying out bell measurement on the particles n and A to be transmitted by Alice, and publishing respective measurement results of the members through a classical channel;
the three control groups respectively select any member from the group, the member carries out single-bit measurement on the control particles owned by the member, if the measurement results are the same, the control state of the member is proved to be a GHZ state, and if the measurement results are not completely the same, the control state is proved to be a W state.
The Alice carries out bell measurement on the particles n and A to be transmitted, and the obtained measurement result | psi>nAIn the form of four bell states: phii>nA(i ═ 0,1,2, 3). It is composed ofIn (1),
and 4, Bob executes corresponding unitary transformation on the particle B according to the measurement result of the control party and the measurement result of Alice, thereby recovering the state of the particle n to be transmitted. By establishing multiple channels, Alice can convert a quantum state composed of n unknown particles
Stealth is delivered to Bob.
And the Bob executes corresponding unitary transformation on the particles B according to the measurement result of the control party and the measurement result of Alice, wherein the unitary transformation has the following form:
the particles n to be transported are in quantum state
By stealth transmission of any one particle through n paths, Alice can convert unknown quantum state
Stealth is delivered to Bob.
A specific application scenario of the present invention is described below:
we are in the quantum state
Wherein α, β are complex numbers and satisfy | α2+|β|2＝1。
Step 1, the central service node prepares corresponding entangled states, and distributes corresponding particles to Alice and Bob of both communication parties and three control groups C1、C2、C3Any one member of (a);
and the central service node prepares corresponding entangled states, including two bell states and an entangled state GHZ state and a W state required by the controller. Wherein the two bell states, GHZ state and W state have the following forms:
the overall entanglement state of the system can be expressed as follows:
the composition of the particles A, B is shown in the above formulabell state | psii>AB(i＝0,1)。
Assume that the particle to be transferred is a single particle: phin>＝α|0>+β|1>Then the overall system state can be written as:
from the above equation, the following table can be summarized between the measurement result of the controller, the measurement result of Alice, and the unitary operation that Bob needs to perform:
assuming that the measurement results of the control parties are identical, the shared quantum entanglement state between them can be presumed to be
Then Bob knows that Alice is in the measurement state | ψ1>nAIn the case of (2), he only needs to perform the unitary operation U on his own particle B2The state of the particles B can be changed from
if one n-particle quantum state, only n transmission paths need to be established to complete the whole invisible transmission process.
The invisible unknown quantum transmission method for the optimal controlled quantum with the adjustable threshold value of any unknown n particles completes the invisible transmission of the unknown quantum state between two terminal nodes by implementing the optimal controlled scheme with the adjustable threshold value. In the process of determining the quantum channel, each group can randomly select members to execute single particle measurement and publish the measurement result. The more members are controlled, the more flexibility is required, because the condition that the individual members cannot provide the service still does not affect the whole communication process.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitution or change made by the technical personnel in the technical field on the basis of the invention is all within the protection scope of the invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (1)
1. A threshold value adjustable arbitrary unknown n particle optimal controlled quantum invisible state transfer method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the central service node prepares corresponding entangled states and distributes corresponding particles to Alice and Bob of both communication parties and three control groups C1、C2、C3Any one member of (a);
the central service node prepares corresponding entangled states, including two bell states and an entangled state GHZ state and a W state required by a controller; wherein the two bell states, GHZ state and W state have the following forms:
the overall state of the system can be expressed as follows:
from the above equation, it can be seen that the particles A, B form the bell state | ψi>ABWherein i is 0, 1;
assume that the particle to be transferred is a single particle: phin>＝α|0>+β|1>Wherein α, β are complex numbers and satisfy | α! α -2+|β|21 is ═ 1; the entire system can be written as:
from the above equation, the following table can be summarized between the measurement result of the controller, the measurement result of Alice, and the unitary operation that Bob needs to perform:
the three control groups C1、C2、C3The number of members of (a) may vary dynamically according to actual business requirements, and the quantum states of the particles held by all members in each control group are the same; the particle distribution of the central service node is completed through a quantum channel;
three control groups C1、C2、C3The other members of the system take particles sent by the central service node as control quanta and take |0>Performing C-NOT operation as a target quantum bit to generate a control particle; wherein the C-NOT operation has the following characteristics: when the control qubit is |0>Time, target amountThe sub-bit state remains unchanged; when the control qubit is |1>Then, the target qubit state is flipped; this ensures that all members in each group have control particles in the same state;
the three control groups C1、C2、C3Can be composed of any number of members, and it must be pointed out that the reliability of the system will increase with the increase of the number of members, because the control group composed of a plurality of members can allow some members to be dropped; so in three control groups, each group selects at least one member from its group, and the member carries out single-bit measurement on the control particles owned by the member;
selecting any member from the three control groups respectively, and performing single-bit measurement on the control particles owned by the member; if the measurement results of the three groups are the same, the control state of the three groups is proved to be the GHZ state, and if the measurement results are not completely the same, the control state is proved to be the W state; simultaneously, Alice carries out bell measurement on the particles n and A to be transmitted, and publishes respective measurement results thereof through a classical channel; measurement result | ψ of Alice>nAIn the form of four bell states: phii>nA(i ═ 0,1,2, 3); wherein,
bob executes corresponding unitary transformation on the particle B according to the measurement results of the three control groups and the measurement result of Alice, so as to recover the state of the particle n to be transmitted; wherein the unitary transform has the form:
by establishing multiple channels, Alice can convert a quantum state consisting of n unknown particles
Stealth is delivered to Bob.
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