CN110083924A - Film lubrication performance simulation method under hydrostatic thrust bearing unbalance loading operating condition - Google Patents
Film lubrication performance simulation method under hydrostatic thrust bearing unbalance loading operating condition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种静压推力轴承油膜润滑性能的模拟方法,尤其是针对双矩形腔偏载时油膜润滑性能的模拟方法。The invention relates to a method for simulating the lubricating performance of an oil film of a static pressure thrust bearing, in particular to a method for simulating the lubricating performance of an oil film when double rectangular cavities are eccentrically loaded.
背景技术Background technique
静压推力轴承是重型数控加工设备的核心零部件之一,它的性能越好,设备的加工质量和运行效率就越高。在理想状态下,工件的质心应在回转工作台的中心而承载中心载荷,此时静压推力轴承工作状态处于最佳性能状态。但在实际加工过程中,工件的质心可能不在回转工作台的中心而出现偏载的情况,使静压推力轴承油膜局部变薄,甚至发生干摩擦,从而导致静压推力轴承失效,这个问题制约着我国重型数控加工设备向高精度、高效率的方向发展。而国内外针对偏载时静压推力轴承油膜润滑性能情况的模拟方法研究较少,因此研究新的静压推力轴承在偏载工况时润滑性能的模拟方法是十分必要的,也为静压推力轴承的进一步优化设计提供依据。Hydrostatic thrust bearing is one of the core components of heavy-duty CNC machining equipment. The better its performance, the higher the processing quality and operating efficiency of the equipment. In an ideal state, the center of mass of the workpiece should be at the center of the rotary table to carry the center load. At this time, the working state of the hydrostatic thrust bearing is in the best performance state. However, in the actual processing process, the center of mass of the workpiece may not be in the center of the rotary table, and there will be an eccentric load, which will locally thin the oil film of the hydrostatic thrust bearing, and even cause dry friction, which will lead to the failure of the hydrostatic thrust bearing. This problem restricts With the development of my country's heavy-duty CNC processing equipment in the direction of high precision and high efficiency. However, there are few domestic and foreign researches on the simulation methods for the oil film lubrication performance of hydrostatic thrust bearings under eccentric load conditions. It provides a basis for further optimization design of thrust bearings.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的是为了解决,静压推力轴承在实际工作过程当中,工件质心和回转工作台回转中心不重合出现偏载,油膜厚度变得薄厚不均,从而导致静压推力轴承润滑性能大幅降低甚至出现干摩擦,缺少一种行之有效的方法来对此现象进行模拟的问题。为了探究静压推力轴承在偏载时油膜的润滑性能,提出一种静压轴承在偏载时油膜润滑性能的模拟方法。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that during the actual working process of the static pressure thrust bearing, the center of mass of the workpiece and the center of rotation of the rotary table do not coincide, and the eccentric load occurs, and the thickness of the oil film becomes uneven, resulting in a significant decrease in the lubricating performance of the static pressure thrust bearing Even dry friction occurs, lacking an effective method to simulate this phenomenon. In order to explore the lubricating performance of oil film of hydrostatic thrust bearing under eccentric load, a simulation method of oil film lubricating performance of hydrostatic thrust bearing under eccentric load was proposed.
静压推力轴承偏载时的润滑性能的模拟方法通过以下技术方案来实现。The simulation method of the lubricating performance of the hydrostatic thrust bearing under eccentric load is realized through the following technical scheme.
(1)、通过UG三维建模软件建立6个对称双矩形油垫三维模型;(1), through the UG three-dimensional modeling software to establish six symmetrical two-rectangular oil pad three-dimensional models;
(2)、将模型导入ANSYS ICEM CFD软件中,拆分所需要的面,创建油膜模型part,创建拓扑结构划分结构网格;(2) Import the model into the ANSYS ICEM CFD software, split the required surfaces, create the oil film model part, and create the topological structure to divide the structural mesh;
(3)、查看模型的点和线与block的点与线是否全部关联,如果block所有的线全为绿色,则全部关联上,否则没有全部关联,故需重新按上述步骤进行关联;(3) Check whether the points and lines of the model are all connected with the points and lines of the block. If all the lines of the block are all green, all are connected, otherwise they are not all connected, so you need to re-connect according to the above steps;
(4)、划分网格节点数;进油口节点数加密,相邻节点数不超过两倍,以此来保证网格质量;(4) The number of grid nodes is divided; the number of oil inlet nodes is encrypted, and the number of adjacent nodes is not more than twice, so as to ensure the quality of the grid;
(5)、在ANSYS CFX软件设置边界油膜条件,其中包括粘温关系的设定和域的设定;(5) Set boundary oil film conditions in ANSYS CFX software, including the setting of viscosity-temperature relationship and domain setting;
(6)、收敛采用ANSYS CFX软件默认的标准,即残差值低于10-4,判断波动是否稳定,有无明显的下降趋势。(6) Convergence adopts the default standard of ANSYS CFX software, that is, the residual value is lower than 10 -4 , to judge whether the fluctuation is stable or not, and whether there is an obvious downward trend.
本发明可以通过计算机来模拟静压推力轴承在工件发生偏载时的实际工况,得出不同偏载程度下静压推力轴承的油膜润滑参数。该方法可以节约大量时间,获得与实验结果相符合的油膜润滑参数。通过研究润滑油膜参数,揭示了不同偏载程度对油膜润滑特性的影响规律。这为静压推力轴承进一步的优化研究提供了有效的参考依据,也为使用静压推力轴承的重型设备实现高效率、高精度奠定了坚实的基础。The invention can use a computer to simulate the actual working condition of the static pressure thrust bearing when the workpiece is eccentrically loaded, and obtain the oil film lubrication parameters of the static pressure thrust bearing under different eccentric load degrees. This method can save a lot of time and obtain the oil film lubrication parameters consistent with the experimental results. By studying the lubricating oil film parameters, the influence of different eccentric loads on the lubricating properties of the oil film is revealed. This provides an effective reference for further optimization research on hydrostatic thrust bearings, and also lays a solid foundation for heavy equipment using hydrostatic thrust bearings to achieve high efficiency and high precision.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是静压推力轴承偏载工况下油膜润滑性能模拟方法流程图。Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the simulation method for oil film lubrication performance of hydrostatic thrust bearing under eccentric load conditions.
图2是步骤A提到的偏载工况下的油膜模型。Figure 2 is the oil film model under the eccentric load condition mentioned in step A.
图3是步骤B1提到的定义Part后列表。Figure 3 is the list after defining Part mentioned in step B1.
图4是步骤B2提到的油膜网格拓扑模型图。Fig. 4 is a diagram of the oil film grid topology model mentioned in step B2.
图5是步骤C提到的油膜网格划分图。Fig. 5 is a grid division diagram of the oil film mentioned in step C.
图6是步骤D提到的油膜网格质量示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the oil film grid quality mentioned in step D.
图7是步骤E提到的油膜各位置设定。Fig. 7 is the position setting of the oil film mentioned in step E.
图8是步骤F提到的迭代残差曲线图。Fig. 8 is a graph of the iterative residual error mentioned in step F.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
可以通过以下技术方案来实现,It can be achieved through the following technical solutions,
步骤A:利用UG软件对偏载工况下的油垫进行建模,根据不同工况创建出不同形状尺寸的模型。Step A: Use UG software to model the oil pad under partial load conditions, and create models of different shapes and sizes according to different conditions.
步骤B1:利用UG软件将建立好的不同工况下的油膜模型导出为.x.t文件,将导出的.x.t文件导入到ANSYS ICEM CFD软件中,设置单位为mm;由于CFD软件无法将UG中建立的面自动划分为两个面,所以在模型导入后首先做的是将UG中的面拆分为所需要的面;其次是创建油膜模型的part,这一步骤主要为了导入CFX后边界条件的设定,part的设定有IN1、IN2、OUT1、OUT2、OUT3、OUT4、INTERFACE1、INTERFACE 2、ROTATE、WALL这些定义面。Step B1: Use UG software to export the established oil film models under different working conditions as .x.t files, and import the exported .x.t files into ANSYS ICEM CFD software, and set the unit to mm; because CFD software cannot The surface of the oil film is automatically divided into two surfaces, so after the model is imported, the first thing to do is to split the surface in UG into the required surface; the second is to create the part of the oil film model. This step is mainly for the boundary conditions after importing CFX. Setting, part setting has IN1, IN2, OUT1, OUT2, OUT3, OUT4, INTERFACE1, INTERFACE 2, ROTATE, WALL these definition surfaces.
步骤B2:创建拓扑结构划分结构网格时采用自上而下的划分方法。首先点击选项Blocking,选择Check Block选项,选择split block中的子拓扑结构,先对X方向块进行划分,再对Y、Z方向块进行划分,删除不必要的拓扑结构。创建点映射时,将三维模型的各个顶点依次映射于block的顶点,线映射可以直接选择Blocking中的Auto association自动关联选项,完成油膜和油腔点和线的映射。Step B2: Create a topological structure When dividing the structural grid, a top-down division method is adopted. First click the option Blocking, select the Check Block option, select the sub-topology structure in the split block, first divide the X direction block, and then divide the Y and Z direction blocks to delete unnecessary topology structures. When creating point mapping, each vertex of the 3D model is mapped to the vertex of the block in turn. For line mapping, you can directly select the Auto association option in Blocking to complete the mapping of oil film and oil cavity points and lines.
步骤B3:进油口的形状是圆柱形,则网格应该使用O型网格,对其block单独划分,首先将圆对称的部位填加两个点,对X、Y方向的block进行划分,接着选择Check Block选项将下面长方形的block拉伸出来,进而得到长方体形状的block,映射时,将四边形映射到圆。最后点击Split Block中的Select face选项,选择圆柱的上下面,点击确定,至此完成所有的block划分和点线映射。Step B3: The shape of the oil inlet is cylindrical, so the grid should use an O-shaped grid to divide its block separately. First, add two points to the circularly symmetrical part to divide the block in the X and Y directions. Then select the Check Block option to stretch out the rectangular block below to obtain a block in the shape of a cuboid. When mapping, map the quadrilateral to the circle. Finally, click the Select face option in the Split Block, select the upper and lower sides of the cylinder, and click OK to complete all block division and point-line mapping.
步骤C:查看模型的点和线与block的点和线是否全部关联上,将Geometry下的point和edge都隐藏,查看block的线是否都是绿色的。如果是,则全部关联上;如果某处不是绿色的,表明此处没有关联上,故需重新按上述步骤进行关联。Step C: Check whether the points and lines of the model are all associated with the points and lines of the block, hide the points and edges under Geometry, and check whether the lines of the block are all green. If yes, connect all of them; if something is not green, it means that there is no connection here, so you need to re-connect according to the above steps.
步骤D:点击Mesh Quality模块,对油膜网格和角度网格质量进行检查。输出网格时采用Output/Select Solver选择ANSYS CFX求解器,默认输出文件格式为.CFX5。Step D: Click the Mesh Quality module to check the quality of the oil film mesh and angle mesh. Use Output/Select Solver to select the ANSYS CFX solver when outputting the grid, and the default output file format is .CFX5.
步骤E1:选择ANSYS CFX软件对油膜进行模拟仿真分析。设定流体域为FLUID,选择材料为32#润滑油,将流体计算模型选择为total energy,温度设置为293K,其他设置保持默认设置即可。Step E1: Select ANSYS CFX software to simulate and analyze the oil film. Set the fluid domain as FLUID, select the material as 32# lubricating oil, select the fluid calculation model as total energy, set the temperature as 293K, and keep the default settings for other settings.
步骤E2:进油口Inlet的设定。设置入口IN1和IN2的流量为0.035,温度给定为室温293K即20℃。Step E2: Setting of the oil inlet Inlet. Set the flow rate of inlets IN1 and IN2 to 0.035, and set the temperature as room temperature 293K, that is, 20°C.
步骤E3:出油口Outlet的设定,设置四个出油口,分别为OUT1,OUT2,OUT3,OUT4,相对大气压为0Pa。Step E3: Setting of the oil outlet Outlet, set four oil outlets, respectively OUT1, OUT2, OUT3, OUT4, and the relative atmospheric pressure is 0Pa.
步骤E4:点击Interface,Interface Type选择Fluid,交界面Interface side1选项选择INTERFACE1,交界面Iterfance side2选择选项INTERFACE2,Rtation Axis旋转轴为Z轴,在Mesh connecion选项中选择GGI网格拼接方式,周期性轴向径向公差为0.0001。Step E4: Click Interface, select Fluid for Interface Type, select INTERFACE1 for Interface side1, select INTERFACE2 for Iterfance side2, and set the Rtation Axis rotation axis to the Z axis. Select the GGI grid splicing method and periodic axis in the Mesh connection option The radial tolerance is 0.0001.
步骤E5:壁面Wall的设定,油膜上表面为旋转工作面,设置为Rotate Wall,油膜下表面与油垫相接触的面和油腔内壁面都设置为Wall。Step E5: Setting of the wall wall, the upper surface of the oil film is the rotating working surface, which is set as Rotate Wall, and the surface of the lower surface of the oil film in contact with the oil pad and the inner wall of the oil chamber are both set as Wall.
步骤E6:ROTATE的设定:Option选项选择Rotating Wall,旋转到rotate axis选择Z轴global Z,设置回转工作台绕Z轴转速为100r/min,完成油膜边界条件的设定。Step E6: ROTATE setting: Select Rotating Wall for the Option option, rotate to rotate axis, select Z-axis global Z, set the rotation speed of the rotary table around the Z-axis to 100r/min, and complete the setting of the oil film boundary conditions.
步骤F:采用的收敛标准是ANSYS CFX软件默认的标准,即残差值已经低于10-4,并且波动情况稳定,没有明显的下降趋势。Step F: The convergence standard adopted is the default standard of ANSYS CFX software, that is, the residual value is already lower than 10 -4 , and the fluctuation is stable without obvious downward trend.
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