CN110082187A - A kind of roller penetrates the forming method of detection test specimen in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room - Google Patents
A kind of roller penetrates the forming method of detection test specimen in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room Download PDFInfo
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- CN110082187A CN110082187A CN201910373924.9A CN201910373924A CN110082187A CN 110082187 A CN110082187 A CN 110082187A CN 201910373924 A CN201910373924 A CN 201910373924A CN 110082187 A CN110082187 A CN 110082187A
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- forming method
- test specimen
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- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011513 prestressed concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/38—Concrete; Lime; Mortar; Gypsum; Bricks; Ceramics; Glass
- G01N33/383—Concrete or cement
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
- G01N2001/366—Moulds; Demoulding
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The forming method for detecting test specimen is penetrated in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room the present invention relates to a kind of roller, is characterized by the forming method the following steps are included: step 1: the mortar for being taken from production scene being added die-filling in four times after a certain amount of water is mixed thoroughly;Step 2: cushion block is placed in mould on mortar surface after die-filling every time, die trial is integrally placed on pressure testing machine on lower platen or backing plate, the center of test specimen should be aligned with testing machine lower platen center;Step 3: it adds to constant load constant pressure load and unloads after a certain period of time.Extra mortar is scraped off with spatula after the completion of four extrusion formings to smooth out.The mortar specimen made by the forming method is close with the protective layer mortar compactness that roller penetrates technique production, can be used as the performances evaluation test specimen that roller penetrates mortar.The forming method is easy to operate, can accurately reflect the roller for being not easy to detect in field test room and penetrate mortar performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to test specimen manufacture technology fields in PCCP protective layer mortar room, are specifically related to roller and penetrate technique production sand
The indoor test specimen of slurry makes forming method.
Background technique
Prestressed concrete cylinder pipe (abbreviation PCCP) is that China introduces and digest and assimilate in recent ten years United States advanced skill
The first generation prestressed pressure concrete pipe that research and development is got up on the basis of art and key equipment.The environmental protection of PCCP pipe product, production
It is at low cost, speed of application is fast, durability is good, obtained large-scale promotion application in large-scale water delivery engineering at home in recent years.Root
According to PCCP construct in layers of material effect, the importance of sealer mortar is apparently higher than ordinary reinforced concrete structure
Protective layer, PCCP are often in eroded soil and underground water, and protective layer mortar assumes responsibility for impervious, anti-carbonation, sulfate resistance, resists
The task of the anti-external interferences such as chloride ion invasion, its durability directly influence the safety of structure and service life of PCCP.
Currently, protective layer mortar production method substantially there are three types of, i.e., gunnite method, vacuum injection method and roller shooting method, central roll are penetrated
The relatively other two kinds of methods of method have comparatively ideal quality and good economy, are pushed away rapidly in China PCCP production
Wide and extensive application.
The mortar shape that the rolling effect of mortar and the high speed rotation centrifugal action of roll jet wheel are ejected by roll jet wheel
At fine and close mortar cover, this mortar state is dry to be dissipated, and compactness is difficult to hold when for indoor production mortar specimen.It is " mixed
Solidifying soil water-supply-pipe test method " test specimen production method in protective layer mortar room specified in (GB/T 15345-2003) Appendix B,
Method one: production mortar is directly spurted into mould with sand-slurry jetting machine, but the mortar specimen corner of this equipment injection production is very
It is difficult closely knit, test specimen test result inaccuracy;Method two: can be added a small amount of water in the mortar for being taken from production scene, mix thoroughly point
Regulation test details are wherein not known using vibration moulding or tamping molding in layer, and production test specimen performance difference is very big, Bu Nengbao
Card production test specimen correctly reflects produced on-site mortar performance.There is no production method in correct protective layer mortar room, it cannot be quasi-
The PCCP protective layer mortar quality of production really is measured, it is even more impossible to the optimizations of further progress protective layer mortar mix ratio, this problem is urgently
It is to be solved.
Summary of the invention
Production mortar specimen molding in technique production PCCP protective layer mortar room is penetrated for roller as defined in existing test specification
The inaccuracy of method, the present invention provide a kind of roller and penetrate in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room the forming method for detecting test specimen, this
The forming method of invention is easy to operate, can accurately reflect the PCCP protective layer mortar performance that live roller penetrates technique production.
Key problem in technology of the invention is to specify to form mix amount of water, the packing number of plies in the mortar room for be derived from production scene
And mortar amount is dispensed every time, use loading velocity, on-load pressure needed for pressure forming and constant voltage time.Ensure the forming method
The mortar specimen of production is close with the mortar compactness that live roller penetrates technique production, and performance is identical.
Specific technical solution of the invention:
A kind of roller penetrates the forming method of detection test specimen in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: the mortar for being taken from production scene is added die-filling in four times after a certain amount of water is mixed thoroughly;
Step 2: every time it is die-filling after cushion block is placed in mould on mortar surface, die trial is integrally placed in pressure testing machine
On upper lower platen or backing plate, the center of test specimen should be aligned with testing machine lower platen center;
Step 3: it adds to constant load constant pressure load and unloads after a certain period of time.
A kind of above-mentioned roller penetrates in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room the forming method for detecting test specimen, adding in the step 1
Water is 2% of gel material content in produced on-site protective layer mortar mix ratio;Four die-filling each mortars are along die trial inner wall
It is plugged and pounded slightly into mould, enters modulus and be respectively as follows: and be filled at the 3/4 of punching block height for the first time, be filled to that punching block is suitable for reading to be flushed for the second time, the
Three, the 4th addition mortar is higher by die trial mouth 10mm respectively;Mold be special punching block, punching block size 70.7mm × 70.7mm ×
70.7mm cube has bottom die trial.
A kind of above-mentioned roller penetrates in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room the forming method for making mortar specimen, the step 2
Cushion block is the cushion block of special steel production, cushion block size 70.2mm × 70.2mm × 70.2mm.
A kind of above-mentioned roller penetrates in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room the forming method for making mortar specimen, in the step 3
Die trial starts testing machine after integrally placing, and adjusts ball seat when top board is close with steel cushion block, keeps contact balanced, with per second
Continuously and uniformly loading unloads after constant pressure 20s to 13MPa 0.5MPa~0.8MPa.
A kind of above-mentioned roller penetrates in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room the forming method for making mortar specimen, further exists
In: extra mortar, which is scraped off, with spatula after the completion of four extrusion formings smoothes out.
A kind of roller of the present invention penetrates in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room the forming method for making mortar specimen with following excellent
Point:
1, it can correctly reflect that live roller penetrates the PCCP protective layer mortar performance of technique production;
2, easy to operate;
3, human factor is few, reproducible.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described combined with specific embodiments below.
It is Tianrui PO52.5 cement that live roller, which penetrates technique production PCCP protective layer mortar using cement, and Xinye fine sand is (thin
Spending modulus is 2.0, clay content 0.5%).Fixed form injection sampling is made when produced on-site and is cut into required size, carries out sand
Pulp density, compression strength and water absorption rate performance test, protective layer mortar production mix proportion and cutting sample test result are shown in Table 1.
1 scene protection layer mortar production mix proportion of table and cutting sample test result
Embodiment 1
A kind of roller of the present embodiment penetrates in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room the forming method for detecting test specimen, will be taken from life
The mortar at production scene is directly mixed thoroughly die-filling in four times;Each mortar is plugged and pounded slightly along die trial inner wall into mould, is entered modulus and is respectively as follows: the
It is once filled at the 3/4 of punching block height, is filled to that punching block is suitable for reading to be flushed for the second time, third, the 4th addition mortar are higher by examination respectively
Die orifice 10mm;Every layer install after with press machine with the speed of 0.5MPa~0.8MPa per second, continuously and uniformly loading is permanent to 13MPa
It is unloaded after pressure 20s, mortar specimen is made by the method for embodiment 8.
Embodiment 2
A kind of roller of the present embodiment penetrates in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room the forming method for detecting test specimen, will be taken from life
The water of gel material content 2% in production protective layer mortar mix ratio is added in the mortar for producing scene, mixes thoroughly die-filling in four times;Every time
Mortar is plugged and pounded slightly along die trial inner wall into mould, enter modulus be respectively as follows: for the first time be filled at the 3/4 of punching block height, be filled to for the second time
Punching block is suitable for reading to be flushed, and third, the 4th addition mortar are higher by die trial mouth 10mm respectively;Every layer install after with press machine with per second
Continuously and uniformly loading unloads after constant pressure 20s to 13MPa 0.5MPa~0.8MPa, and mortar is made by the method for embodiment 8
Test specimen.
Embodiment 3
A kind of roller of the present embodiment penetrates in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room the forming method for detecting test specimen, will be taken from life
The water of gel material content 4% in production protective layer mortar mix ratio is added in the mortar for producing scene, mixes thoroughly die-filling in four times;Every time
Mortar is plugged and pounded slightly along die trial inner wall into mould, enter modulus be respectively as follows: for the first time be filled at the 3/4 of punching block height, be filled to for the second time
Punching block is suitable for reading to be flushed, and third, the 4th addition mortar are higher by die trial mouth 10mm respectively;Every layer install after with press machine with per second
Continuously and uniformly loading unloads after constant pressure 20s to 13MPa 0.5MPa~0.8MPa, and mortar is made by the method for embodiment 8
Test specimen.
Embodiment 4
A kind of roller of the present embodiment penetrates in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room the forming method for detecting test specimen, will be taken from life
The water of gel material content 7% in production protective layer mortar mix ratio is added in the mortar for producing scene, mixes thoroughly die-filling in four times;Every time
Mortar is plugged and pounded slightly along die trial inner wall into mould, enter modulus be respectively as follows: for the first time be filled at the 3/4 of punching block height, be filled to for the second time
Punching block is suitable for reading to be flushed, and third, the 4th addition mortar are higher by die trial mouth 10mm respectively;Every layer install after with press machine with per second
Continuously and uniformly loading unloads after constant pressure 20s to 13MPa 0.5MPa~0.8MPa, and mortar is made by the method for embodiment 8
Test specimen.
Embodiment 5
A kind of roller of the present embodiment penetrates in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room the forming method for detecting test specimen, will be taken from life
The water of gel material content 2% in production protective layer mortar mortar mix ratio is added in the mortar for producing scene, mixes thoroughly die-filling in four times;
Each mortar is plugged and pounded slightly along die trial inner wall into mould, is entered modulus and is respectively as follows: and is filled at the 3/4 of punching block height for the first time, and second
It is filled to that punching block is suitable for reading to be flushed, third, the 4th addition mortar are higher by die trial mouth 10mm respectively;Every layer install after with press machine with every
Continuously and uniformly loading is unloaded after constant pressure 20s, sand is made by the method for embodiment 8 to 10MPa by second 0.5MPa~0.8MPa
Starch test specimen.
Embodiment 6
A kind of roller of the present embodiment penetrates in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room the forming method for detecting test specimen, will be taken from life
The water of gel material content 2% in production protective layer mortar mortar mix ratio is added in the mortar for producing scene, mixes thoroughly die-filling in four times;
Each mortar is plugged and pounded slightly along die trial inner wall into mould, is entered modulus and is respectively as follows: and is filled at the 3/4 of punching block height for the first time, and second
It is filled to that punching block is suitable for reading to be flushed, third, the 4th addition mortar are higher by die trial mouth 10mm respectively;Every layer install after with press machine with every
Continuously and uniformly loading is unloaded after constant pressure 20s, sand is made by the method for embodiment 8 to 14MPa by second 0.5MPa~0.8MPa
Starch test specimen.
Embodiment 7
A kind of roller of the present embodiment penetrates in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room the forming method for detecting test specimen, will be taken from life
The water of gel material content 2% in production protective layer mortar mix ratio is added in the mortar for producing scene, mixes thoroughly die-filling in four times;Every time
Mortar is plugged and pounded slightly along die trial inner wall into mould, enter modulus be respectively as follows: for the first time be filled at the 3/4 of punching block height, be filled to for the second time
Punching block is suitable for reading to be flushed, and third, the 4th addition mortar are higher by die trial mouth 10mm respectively;Every layer install after with press machine with per second
Continuously and uniformly loading unloads after constant pressure 10s to 13MPa 0.5MPa~0.8MPa, and mortar is made by the method for embodiment 8
Test specimen.
Embodiment 8
A kind of roller of the present embodiment penetrates in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room the forming method for making mortar specimen, will be above-mentioned
Extra mortar is scraped off with spatula after the completion of shaping test piece four times extrusion formings of embodiment to smooth out.
Application Example
The following are the behavior patterns that mortar specimen is made in embodiment: indoor specimen molding amount of water is different, extrusion forming pressure
Power, constant voltage time are different, and mortar specimen slurry density, 28d compression strength and the 28d water absorption rate the performance test results of preparation are shown in Table
2.The cutting of the mortar specimen and the production of scene protection layer mortars that prepared by the indoor moulding methods of table 1, the visible embodiment 2 of table 2
Sample density test result is close, and mortar compression strength and water absorption rate performance are also not quite similar.
2 embodiment mortar specimen performance test results of table
Although the present invention lists section Example, test result publication is as above, they are not for limiting this hair
It is bright, it is any to be familiar with this those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, it can make various changes or retouch from working as, such as
Amount of water is increased or decreased, coordinates pressurization load and constant voltage time, but to this method pursue indoor mortar specimen preparation with
Produced on-site mortar compactness effect is identical will not to generate substantial effect, then this change the right for also belonging to the application
Within the scope of claimed range defines.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of roller penetrates in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room the forming method for detecting test specimen, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
Step 1: die-filling in four times after the mortar for being taken from production scene addition water is mixed thoroughly;
Step 2: every time it is die-filling after cushion block is placed in mould on mortar surface, die trial is integrally placed in pressure testing machine or more
On pressing plate or backing plate, the center of test specimen should be aligned with testing machine lower platen center;
Step 3: die trial starts testing machine after integrally placing, and adjusts ball seat when top board is close with steel cushion block, keeps contact equal
Weighing apparatus, with 0.5MPa~0.8MPa per second, continuously and uniformly loading unloads after constant pressure about 20s to 13MPa or so.
2. a kind of roller according to claim 1 penetrates in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room the forming method for detecting test specimen,
Be characterized in that: the amount of water in the step 1 is gel material content in produced on-site protective layer mortar mortar mix ratio
2% or so;Four times die-filling each mortar is plugged and pounded slightly along die trial inner wall into mould, is entered modulus and is respectively as follows: and is filled to punching block height for the first time
At about the 3/4 of degree, it is filled to that punching block is suitable for reading to be flushed for the second time, third, the 4th addition mortar are higher by die trial mouth respectively.
3. a kind of roller according to claim 1 penetrates in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room the forming method for detecting test specimen,
Be characterized in that: mold is special punching block, and punching block size 70.7mm × 70.7mm × 70.7mm cube has bottom die trial.
4. a kind of roller according to claim 1 penetrates in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room the forming method for detecting test specimen,
Be characterized in that: the cushion block of the step 2 is the cushion block of special steel production, cushion block size 70.2mm × 70.2mm × 70.2mm.
5. a kind of roller according to claim 1 penetrates in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room the forming method for detecting test specimen,
It is characterized in that: scraping off extra mortar with spatula after the completion of four extrusion formings and smooth out.
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CN201910373924.9A CN110082187A (en) | 2019-05-07 | 2019-05-07 | A kind of roller penetrates the forming method of detection test specimen in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room |
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CN201910373924.9A CN110082187A (en) | 2019-05-07 | 2019-05-07 | A kind of roller penetrates the forming method of detection test specimen in technique PCCP protective layer mortar room |
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Citations (7)
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---|---|---|---|---|
JPH06191966A (en) * | 1991-08-30 | 1994-07-12 | Zenkoku Nama Concrete Kogyo Kumiai Rengokai | Production of specimen |
CN101181801A (en) * | 2007-03-29 | 2008-05-21 | 徐栋卫 | Method for manufacturing building concrete brick |
CN101947806A (en) * | 2010-09-27 | 2011-01-19 | 徐州建筑职业技术学院 | Method for preparing hard concrete sample |
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CN106186799A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-12-07 | 安徽瑞和新材料有限公司 | It is applicable to dedicated mortar compacting agent improving PCCP protective layer mortar durability and preparation method thereof |
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2019
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---|---|---|---|---|
JPH06191966A (en) * | 1991-08-30 | 1994-07-12 | Zenkoku Nama Concrete Kogyo Kumiai Rengokai | Production of specimen |
CN101181801A (en) * | 2007-03-29 | 2008-05-21 | 徐栋卫 | Method for manufacturing building concrete brick |
CN101947806A (en) * | 2010-09-27 | 2011-01-19 | 徐州建筑职业技术学院 | Method for preparing hard concrete sample |
CN204036611U (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2014-12-24 | 嘉兴市欣盛新型墙体材料有限责任公司 | A kind of prefabricated dry concrete is with density specimen molding instrument |
CN106186799A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-12-07 | 安徽瑞和新材料有限公司 | It is applicable to dedicated mortar compacting agent improving PCCP protective layer mortar durability and preparation method thereof |
CN107063808A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-08-18 | 湖南科技大学 | A kind of compaction apparatus and drawing method for making rocks sample |
CN107167380A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-09-15 | 泰州克罗米德机械设备有限公司 | A kind of building concrete test block pressing machine |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局: "《混凝土输水管试验方法 GB/T 15345-2003》", 23 July 2003 * |
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局中国国家标准化管理委员会: "《预应力钢筒混凝土管 GB/T19685-2005》", 17 March 2005 * |
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Application publication date: 20190802 |