CN104496387A - Similar material based on softening characteristics of soft rocks after encountering water and preparation method for similar material - Google Patents
Similar material based on softening characteristics of soft rocks after encountering water and preparation method for similar material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a similar material based on softening characteristics of soft rocks after encountering water and a preparation method for the similar material. The preparation method for the similar material comprises the following steps: sufficiently mixing and tamping raw materials in different proportions by weight by adding quick lime based on the conventional similar material, adopting barite powder, iron concentrate powder and quartz sands as aggregates, adopting calcined gypsum as a cementing agent and adopting tap water as a blender, thereby obtaining the soft rock similar material with certain physical and mechanical performances. The similar material disclosed by the invention is relatively large in adjustable range of physical and mechanical parameters, and can be used for effectively simulating the softening characteristics of soft rocks after encountering water. Besides, the similar material is simple in preparation method, wide in raw material source, low in cost, non-toxic and harmless, and especially suitable for being widely applied in a model test of soft rack engineering safety.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to engineering geological comparison experimental technique field, be specifically related to a kind of analog material based on soft rock chance water softening characteristic and preparation method thereof.This softrock-like material is mainly applicable to probe into low strength soft rock and meets water softening characteristic and the impact on Soft Rock Engineering safety performance thereof.
Background technology
Layer during similar model test is a kind of reduced scale research method based on similarity principle, main employing equivalent material simulating engineering entity and Geologic Structure Feature thereof, by conditions such as the simulating load mode of action, rainfall patterns, security and stability in research geotechnical engineering construction, operation and failure mode thereof are the important means that all kinds of complicated geotechnical engineering safety stability studies such as high slope, dykes and dams, underground chamber and mine and mechanism analysis adopt for a long time always.
Selecting properly and rational proportion similar model material are the keys increasing layer during similar model test reliability.At present, Most scholars select analog material to be aggregate mainly with materials such as ground barium sulfate, quartz sand, iron powders, the material such as paraffin, rosin, alcohol or gypsum, cement, pitch is cementing matter, form through mixing and stirring or suppressing, be used for simulation solid&liquid couple material, rock burst material, soft rock deformation and the geomaterial such as different grades weak surrounding rock material and weak structural face thereof.
In general, at present mainly with the mechanics parameter such as intensity, severe of analog material as metrics evaluation analog material engineering adaptability, soft rock deformation is no exception.But the soft rock soft rock mass that to be a kind of character special, it is rich in the swelling wall rock such as kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite, anatomical connectivity is weak, wetting ability is strong, water-permeable is weak, meet water electrode easily to soften, its softening effect must be considered, with the verity of wild phase like test simulation when preparing this type of analog material.Therefore, the present invention is on forefathers' Research foundation, propose a kind of analog material and compound method thereof of meeting water softening characteristic based on soft rock, by the Changing Pattern of the parameters such as research analog material water-weakening effect coefficient, severe, intensity with proportioning, determine the analog material and the proportioning thereof that are applicable to soft rock, before the party's appearance, in research at home and abroad, be not seen in report temporarily.Therefore, this research can be the research of soft rock model trial layer during similar model test and provides reference and reference.
Summary of the invention
For prior art, the invention provides a kind of analog material based on soft rock chance water softening characteristic and preparation method thereof.This material better can simulate the characteristic that soft rock intensity is low, meet water softening, and raw material sources is extensive simultaneously, and make simple, maintenance is simple and easy, and cost of manufacture is cheap and nontoxic.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of analog material of meeting water softening characteristic based on soft rock, described softrock-like material is made up of jointly aggregate (1250 object ground barium sulfates, 100 object Iron concentrate and 18-25 object quartz sand), jointing compound (unslaked lime, the plaster of Paris) and blender (tap water), and its mass ratio is:
Aggregate: Iron concentrate+ground barium sulfate+quartz sand 100 parts
Jointing compound: unslaked lime+plaster of Paris 2 ~ 18 parts
Blender: 6 parts, tap water
Described aggregate is ground barium sulfate (1250 order), Iron concentrate (100 order), quartz sand (18-25 order), suppose that aggregate has 100 parts, constant, then Iron concentrate 13 ~ 20.5 parts, ground barium sulfate 41 ~ 64, quartz sand 18 ~ 45.7 parts;
Described jointing compound is made up of jointly unslaked lime and the plaster of Paris, supposes that aggregate has 100 parts, then unslaked lime 2 ~ 10 parts, the plaster of Paris 0 ~ 8 part;
Blender uses the daily tap water drunk.
Meet a preparation method for the analog material of water softening characteristic based on soft rock, described preparation method comprises following:
(1) material weighs: strict with the weighing of quality proportioning Iron concentrate, ground barium sulfate, quartz sand, unslaked lime, the plaster of Paris and water;
(2) siccative stirs: open stirrer, paddle revolution is at a slow speed under (62 revs/min) state, pour the solid materials such as Iron concentrate, ground barium sulfate, quartz sand, unslaked lime and the plaster of Paris into stirrer successively, stirring makes solid material fully mix in 5 minutes, forms homogeneous solid compound;
(3) add water stirring: pour the homogeneous solid compound in stirrer into irony agitation vat, carry out continuation Keep agitation with silver-plated iron staff, simultaneously slowly pours weighed water into and Keep agitation 10 ~ 15 minutes, to agitation vat, form uniform compound;
(4) sample production: the Homogeneous phase mixing material completed by mix divides 3 layers to pour into scribble three of Vaseline opens preformed rigid mould (mould is prefabricated according to testing apparatus sizes such as standard uniaxial compression test, direct shear tests), adopt tamper successively tamp, between adjacent layers with blade hacking to guarantee effectively to combine between different layers;
(5) demoulding maintenance: struck off sample both sides, place and get final product the demoulding in 5 ~ 10 minutes, after the demoulding, normal temperature maintenance 3 ~ 4 days, treats that sample mass remains unchanged, and can obtain described softrock-like material model.
Compared with prior art, advantage is in the present invention:
(1) jointing compound of the present invention's formula with the addition of unslaked lime on plaster of Paris basis, and obtained softrock-like material effectively can simulate the characteristic that soft rock chance water easily softens;
(2) softrock-like material of the present invention is large in physico-mechanical properties variation range: density range is 1.88 ~ 2.62g/cm
3, full water 24h coefficient of softening scope is 0.2869 ~ 0.8231, uniaxial compressive strength scope is 0.112 ~ 1.234Mpa, tensile strength scope is 0.014 ~ 0.125Mpa, Young's modulus scope is 4.23 ~ 211.08Mpa, internal friction angle scope is 9.87 ~ 38.72 °, cohesion scope is 9.81 ~ 52.07kPa.Each parameter distribution range is all wider, simultaneously due to analog material severe and true soft rock severe is close, Young's modulus and ultimate compression strength less, be specially adapted to the large guide layer during similar model test that geometricsimilarity ratio is 1: 100 ~ 1: 50, severe ratio of similitude is 1: 1, the limitation that model trial need be limited by whizzer loading can be overcome;
(3) softrock-like material obtained by preparation method of the present invention is adopted, formula materials Homogeneous phase mixing, once shaped can be realized, the homogeneity of obtained analog material is better with mechanical property, can overcome to adopt that routine is assembled builds the deficiency of obtained model in homogeneity and continuity by laying bricks or stones;
(4) analog material of the present invention formula wide material sources, make simple, maintenance is simple and easy, and molding time is short, with low cost and nontoxic.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is embodiment 1 curing time figure;
Fig. 2 is stress-strain(ed) curve under embodiment 1 softrock-like material state of nature;
Fig. 3 is direct shear test curve under embodiment 1 softrock-like material state of nature;
Fig. 4 is the Changing Pattern of embodiment 1 ~ 3 softrock-like material uniaxial compressive strength with the soaked time;
Fig. 5 is stress-strain(ed) curve under embodiment 2 softrock-like material state of nature;
Fig. 6 is direct shear test curve under embodiment 2 softrock-like material state of nature;
Fig. 7 is stress-strain(ed) curve under embodiment 3 softrock-like material state of nature;
Fig. 8 is direct shear test curve under embodiment 3 softrock-like material state of nature.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described:
Following examples only for technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail, and can not limit the scope of the invention with this.
A kind of analog material of meeting water softening characteristic based on soft rock, it is characterized by and be: the analog material of described soft rock test with ground barium sulfate, Iron concentrate, quartz sand for aggregate, unslaked lime and the plaster of Paris are as jointing compound, and water is as blender, and its quality share ratio is as follows:
Aggregate: Iron concentrate+ground barium sulfate+quartz sand 100 parts
Jointing compound: unslaked lime+plaster of Paris 2 ~ 18 parts
Blender: 6 parts, tap water
Described aggregate is made up of jointly 1250 object ground barium sulfates, 100 object Iron concentrate and 18-25 object quartz sand, supposes that aggregate has 100 parts, constant, then Iron concentrate quality share be 13 ~ 20.5 parts, ground barium sulfate 41 ~ 64 parts, quartz sand 18 ~ 45.7 parts;
Jointing compound is made up of jointly unslaked lime and the plaster of Paris, supposes that aggregate has 100 parts, then unslaked lime 2 ~ 10 parts, the plaster of Paris 0 ~ 8 part;
Blender uses the daily tap water drunk.
Meet a preparation method for the analog material of water softening characteristic based on soft rock, described preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) material weighs: strict with the weighing of quality proportioning Iron concentrate, ground barium sulfate, quartz sand, unslaked lime, the plaster of Paris and water;
(2) siccative stirs: open stirrer, paddle revolution is at a slow speed under (62 revs/min) state, pour the solid materials such as Iron concentrate, ground barium sulfate, quartz sand, unslaked lime and the plaster of Paris into stirrer successively, stirring makes solid material fully mix in 5 minutes, forms homogeneous solid compound;
(3) add water stirring: pour the homogeneous solid compound in stirrer into irony agitation vat, continuation Keep agitation is carried out with silver-plated iron staff, simultaneously slowly pour weighed water into and Keep agitation 10 ~ 15 minutes, until form uniform compound in agitation vat;
(4) sample production: the Homogeneous phase mixing material completed by mix divides 3 layers to pour into scribble three of Vaseline opens preformed rigid mould (mould is prefabricated according to testing apparatus sizes such as standard uniaxial compression test, direct shear tests), adopt tamper successively tamp, between adjacent layers with blade hacking to guarantee effectively to combine between different layers;
(5) demoulding maintenance: struck off sample both sides, place and get final product the demoulding in 5 ~ 10 minutes, after the demoulding, normal temperature maintenance 3 ~ 4 days, treats that sample mass remains unchanged, and can obtain described softrock-like material model.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
By inspection embodiment 1 the effect of preparation softrock-like material, the present embodiment has selected that a kind of typically truly soft rock (a kind of yellow powder Sandy Silt, defining this sample is herein I# sample) is as a reference.For convenience of contrast, intend selecting that geometricsimilarity ratio is 1: 50, severe ratio of similitude is 1: 1, stress similitude ratio is 1: 50, to true soft rock, namely the related physical mechanics parameter of I# sample transforms, as shown in the table herein:
Described in embodiment 1, each composition quality proportioning of the analog material (being defined as 1# sample) of soft rock test is:
The preparation method of described softrock-like material, described preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) material weighs: strict with the weighing of quality proportioning Iron concentrate, ground barium sulfate, quartz sand, unslaked lime and water;
(2) siccative stirs: open stirrer, paddle revolution is at a slow speed under (62 revs/min) state, pour the solid materials such as Iron concentrate, ground barium sulfate, quartz sand and unslaked lime into stirrer successively, stir and within 5 minutes, make solid material fully mix, form homogeneous solid compound;
(3) add water stirring: pour the homogeneous solid compound in stirrer into irony agitation vat, continuation Keep agitation is carried out with silver-plated iron staff, simultaneously slowly pour weighed water into and Keep agitation 10 ~ 15 minutes, until form uniform compound in agitation vat;
(4) sample production: the Homogeneous phase mixing material completed by mix divides 3 layers to pour into scribble three of Vaseline opens preformed rigid mould (mould is prefabricated according to testing apparatus sizes such as standard uniaxial compression test, direct shear tests), adopt tamper successively tamp, between adjacent layers with blade hacking to guarantee effectively to combine between different layers;
(5) demoulding maintenance: struck off sample both sides, place and get final product the demoulding in 5 ~ 10 minutes, after the demoulding, normal temperature maintenance 3 ~ 4 days, treats that sample mass remains unchanged, and can obtain described softrock-like material model.
Gained sample, namely the physical and mechanical parameter of 1# sample is as shown in the table:
The present embodiment softrock-like material curing time is shown in accompanying drawing 1;
Under the present embodiment softrock-like material state of nature, stress-strain(ed) curve is shown in accompanying drawing 2;
Under the present embodiment softrock-like material state of nature, direct shear test curve is shown in accompanying drawing 3;
The present embodiment softrock-like material uniaxial compressive strength is shown in accompanying drawing 4 with soaked Time Change.
Embodiment 2
By inspection embodiment 2 the effect of preparation softrock-like material, the present embodiment has selected that a kind of typically truly soft rock (a kind of lavender silty, defining this sample is herein II# sample) is as a reference.For convenience of contrast, intend selecting that geometricsimilarity ratio is 1: 50, severe ratio of similitude is 1: 1, stress similitude ratio is 1: 50, to true soft rock, namely the related physical mechanics parameter of II# sample transforms, as shown in the table herein:
Each composition quality proportioning of softrock-like material described in embodiment 2 (being defined as 2# sample) is:
The preparation method of described softrock-like material, described preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) material weighs: strict with the weighing of quality proportioning Iron concentrate, ground barium sulfate, quartz sand, unslaked lime, the plaster of Paris and water;
(2) siccative stirs: open stirrer, paddle revolution is at a slow speed under (62 revs/min) state, pour the solid materials such as Iron concentrate, ground barium sulfate, quartz sand, unslaked lime and the plaster of Paris into stirrer successively, stirring makes solid material fully mix in 5 minutes, forms homogeneous solid compound;
(3) add water stirring: pour the homogeneous solid compound in stirrer into irony agitation vat, continuation Keep agitation is carried out with silver-plated iron staff, simultaneously slowly pour weighed water into and Keep agitation 10 ~ 15 minutes, until form uniform compound in agitation vat;
(4) sample production: the Homogeneous phase mixing material completed by mix divides 3 layers to pour into scribble three of Vaseline opens preformed rigid mould (mould is prefabricated according to testing apparatus sizes such as standard uniaxial compression test, direct shear tests), adopt tamper successively tamp, between adjacent layers with blade hacking to guarantee effectively to combine between different layers;
(5) demoulding maintenance: struck off sample both sides, place and get final product the demoulding in 5 ~ 10 minutes, after the demoulding, normal temperature maintenance 3 ~ 4 days, treats that sample mass remains unchanged, and can obtain described softrock-like material model.
Gained sample, namely 2# sample physical and mechanical parameter is as shown in the table
Under the present embodiment softrock-like material state of nature, stress-strain(ed) curve is shown in accompanying drawing 5;
Under the present embodiment softrock-like material state of nature, direct shear test curve is shown in accompanying drawing 6;
The present embodiment softrock-like material uniaxial compressive strength is shown in accompanying drawing 4 with soaked Time Change.
Embodiment 3
By inspection embodiment 3 the effect of preparation softrock-like material, the present embodiment has selected that a kind of typically truly soft rock (a kind of pelitic siltstone, defining this sample is herein III# sample) is as a reference.For convenience of contrast, intend selecting that geometricsimilarity ratio is 1: 50, severe ratio of similitude is 1: 1, stress similitude ratio is 1: 50, to true soft rock, namely the related physical mechanics parameter of III# sample transforms, as shown in the table herein:
Described in embodiment 3, each composition quality proportioning of the analog material (being defined as 3# sample) of soft rock test is:
The preparation method of described softrock-like material, described preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) material weighs: strict with the weighing of quality proportioning Iron concentrate, ground barium sulfate, quartz sand, unslaked lime, the plaster of Paris and water;
(2) siccative stirs: open stirrer, paddle revolution is at a slow speed under (62 revs/min) state, pour the solid materials such as Iron concentrate, ground barium sulfate, quartz sand, unslaked lime and the plaster of Paris into stirrer successively, stirring makes solid material fully mix in 5 minutes, forms homogeneous solid compound;
(3) add water stirring: pour the homogeneous solid compound in stirrer into irony agitation vat, continuation Keep agitation is carried out with silver-plated iron staff, simultaneously slowly pour weighed water into and Keep agitation 10 ~ 15 minutes, until form uniform compound in agitation vat;
(4) sample production: the Homogeneous phase mixing material completed by mix divides 3 layers to pour into scribble three of Vaseline opens preformed rigid mould (mould is prefabricated according to testing apparatus sizes such as standard uniaxial compression test, direct shear tests), adopt tamper successively tamp, between adjacent layers with blade hacking to guarantee effectively to combine between different layers;
(5) demoulding maintenance: struck off sample both sides, place and get final product the demoulding in 5 ~ 10 minutes, after the demoulding, normal temperature maintenance 3 ~ 4 days, treats that sample mass remains unchanged, and can obtain described softrock-like material model.
Gained sample, namely the physical and mechanical parameter of 3# sample is as shown in the table:
Under the present embodiment softrock-like material state of nature, stress-strain(ed) curve is shown in accompanying drawing 7;
Under the present embodiment softrock-like material state of nature, direct shear test curve is shown in accompanying drawing 8;
The present embodiment softrock-like material uniaxial compressive strength is shown in accompanying drawing 4 with soaked Time Change.
By Fig. 1, this analog material fast drying of the present invention is described, normal temperature maintenance 3-4 days namely plastic, curing requirements is low;
By Fig. 2,3 and Fig. 5 ~ 8, illustrate that the process of deformation and failure of this analog material and true soft rock have more similar stress-strain(ed) curve feature and shear property;
By Fig. 4, illustrate that the characteristic that this analog material can meet water softening according to different soft rock carry out analog simulation targetedly, and can to realize geometry guide be in the big scale layer during similar model test of 1: 50.
In sum, analog material physico-mechanical properties of the present invention can regulate in a big way, and effectively can simulate various soft rock chance water softening characteristic; The raw material sources of analog material of the present invention is extensive, with low cost, nontoxic, and this analog material making method is simple, and made model curing requirements is low, can be widely used in Soft Rock Engineering Geological Mechanical Model Test.
Claims (3)
1. meet the analog material of water softening characteristic based on soft rock for one kind, it is characterized in that: described softrock-like material with ground barium sulfate, Iron concentrate, quartz sand for aggregate, using unslaked lime and the plaster of Paris as jointing compound, using water as blender, its quality share ratio is as follows:
Aggregate: Iron concentrate+ground barium sulfate+quartz sand 100 parts
Jointing compound: unslaked lime+plaster of Paris 2 ~ 18 parts
Blender: 6 parts, tap water.
2. a kind of analog material of meeting water softening characteristic based on soft rock according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described aggregate is made up of jointly 1250 object ground barium sulfates, 100 object Iron concentrate and 18-25 object quartz sand, supposes that aggregate has 100 parts, constant, then Iron concentrate quality share be 13 ~ 20.5 parts, ground barium sulfate 41 ~ 64 parts, quartz sand 18 ~ 45.7 parts;
Jointing compound is made up of jointly unslaked lime and the plaster of Paris, supposes that aggregate has 100 parts, then unslaked lime 2 ~ 10 parts, the plaster of Paris 0 ~ 8 part;
Blender uses the daily tap water drunk.
3. a kind of preparation method meeting the analog material of water softening characteristic based on soft rock according to claims 1 to 2, is characterized in that: described preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) material weighs: strict with the weighing of quality proportioning Iron concentrate, ground barium sulfate, quartz sand, unslaked lime, the plaster of Paris and water;
(2) siccative stirs: open stirrer, paddle revolution is at a slow speed under (62 revs/min) state, pour the solid materials such as Iron concentrate, ground barium sulfate, quartz sand, unslaked lime and the plaster of Paris into stirrer successively, stirring makes solid material fully mix in 5 minutes, forms homogeneous solid compound;
(3) add water stirring: pour the homogeneous solid compound in stirrer into irony agitation vat, carry out continuation Keep agitation with silver-plated iron staff, simultaneously slowly pours weighed water into and Keep agitation 10 ~ 15 minutes, to agitation vat, form uniform compound;
(4) sample production: the Homogeneous phase mixing material completed by mix divides 3 layers to pour into scribble the preformed rigid mould (mould is prefabricated according to testing apparatus sizes such as standard uniaxial compression test, direct shear tests) of Vaseline, adopt tamper successively tamp, between adjacent layers with blade hacking to guarantee effectively to combine between different layers;
(5) demoulding maintenance: struck off sample both sides, place and get final product the demoulding in 5 ~ 10 minutes, after the demoulding, normal temperature maintenance 3 ~ 4 days, treats that sample mass remains unchanged, and can obtain described softrock-like material sample.
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| CN113203834B (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-12-28 | 河海大学 | Landslide surge simulation device |
| CN115159942A (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2022-10-11 | 陕西铁路工程职业技术学院 | Mudstone similar material for simulating tunnel surrounding rock and preparation method thereof |
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