CN110080840A - 涡轮增压器 - Google Patents

涡轮增压器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110080840A
CN110080840A CN201910074283.7A CN201910074283A CN110080840A CN 110080840 A CN110080840 A CN 110080840A CN 201910074283 A CN201910074283 A CN 201910074283A CN 110080840 A CN110080840 A CN 110080840A
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fiber
turbocharger
shell
turbine
compressor
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U.施帕茨
S.布劳恩
D.阿尔布雷希特
H.邓克尔
S.魏哈德
B.哈斯
J.尼布尔
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MAN Energy Solutions SE
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MAN Energy Solutions SE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F01D25/26—Double casings; Measures against temperature strain in casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F01D21/04—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator or to breaking-off of a part of the rotor, e.g. indicating such position
    • F01D21/045—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator or to breaking-off of a part of the rotor, e.g. indicating such position special arrangements in stators or in rotors dealing with breaking-off of part of rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/005—Selecting particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/14—Casings modified therefor
    • F01D25/145—Thermally insulated casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
    • F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
    • F02C6/12—Turbochargers, i.e. plants for augmenting mechanical power output of internal-combustion piston engines by increase of charge pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/24—Heat or noise insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/403—Casings; Connections of working fluid especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/02—Inorganic fibres based on oxides or oxide ceramics, e.g. silicates
    • D10B2101/06—Glass
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/10—Inorganic fibres based on non-oxides other than metals
    • D10B2101/14—Carbides; Nitrides; Silicides; Borides
    • D10B2101/16—Silicon carbide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/50—Building or constructing in particular ways
    • F05D2230/53—Building or constructing in particular ways by integrally manufacturing a component, e.g. by milling from a billet or one piece construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/10—Stators
    • F05D2240/14—Casings or housings protecting or supporting assemblies within
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/20—Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
    • F05D2300/21—Oxide ceramics
    • F05D2300/2102—Glass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/20—Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
    • F05D2300/21—Oxide ceramics
    • F05D2300/211—Silica
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05D2300/603—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05D2300/614—Fibres or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

一种涡轮增压器，带有用于使第一介质膨胀的涡轮，带有用于利用在第一介质的膨胀期间在涡轮中获得的能量来压缩第二介质的压缩机，其中涡轮的涡轮壳体（1）和压缩机的压缩机壳体连接至布置在其之间的轴承壳体，带有至少区段地在外侧沿径向且在外侧沿轴向包绕涡轮壳体（1）和/或压缩机壳体和/或轴承壳体的外壳（2），其中限定长度的至少一条松散的纤维（4）被引入到外壳（2）与待包围的相应壳体（1）之间的中空空间（3）中。

Description

涡轮增压器
技术领域
本发明涉及涡轮增压器的外壳以及涡轮增压器。
背景技术
涡轮增压器的基础构造对这里提及的本领域技术人员是已知的。涡轮增压器包括涡轮，第一介质在其中膨胀。此外，涡轮增压器包括压缩机，利用在第一介质的膨胀期间在涡轮中获得的能量在压缩机中压缩第二介质。涡轮增压器的涡轮包括涡轮壳体和涡轮转子。涡轮增压器的压缩机包括压缩机壳体和压缩机转子。轴承壳体定位在涡轮的涡轮壳体与压缩机的压缩机壳体之间，其中轴承壳体一方面连接至涡轮壳体且另一方面连接至压缩机壳体。轴安装在轴承壳体中，涡轮转子经由轴联接至压缩机转子。
在涡轮增压器的操作期间，存在转子（例如，涡轮增压器的涡轮转子或压缩机转子）断裂且转子的碎片击穿相关壳体（即，涡轮壳体或压缩机壳体）的危险。然后存在涡轮增压器的碎片进入周围环境的危险。为了考虑涡轮增压器的转子的破裂的此问题，从实践已知的涡轮增压器中的相应壳体设计成使得不需要预期相应壳体的故障且甚至在相应转子的断裂的情况下其碎片不能击穿相应壳体。然而，涡轮增压器的重量因为这而增加。为了免于不必要地增加涡轮增压器的重量且此外保护在该领域中已采用的涡轮增压器免于击穿到周围环境中的转子的碎片，已从实践已知的是使涡轮增压器配备有外壳，该外壳至少区段地在外侧沿径向且在外侧沿轴向包绕涡轮增压器的涡轮壳体和/或压缩机壳体和/或轴承壳体。
此类外壳不仅用于提供破裂保护。此类外壳还可用于使涡轮增压器的组件热隔离。
需要改进至少区段地包绕待包围的涡轮增压器的壳体的外壳的效果。
发明内容
从此开始，本发明的目标基于产生新类型的涡轮增压器。此目标通过根据权利要求1的涡轮增压器来解决。
根据本发明，限定长度的至少一条松散纤维被引入到外壳与待包围的涡轮增压器的相应壳体之间的中空空间中。松散地引入围绕待包围的涡轮增压器的相应壳体的涡轮增压器的外壳之间的中空空间中的纤维可最佳地适于待包围的壳体和外壳的几何形状，且因此最佳地填满中空空间。因此，一方面可提供好的声音吸收和热隔离，且可在叶轮的破裂期间在保护壳情况（containment case）下提供高的能量吸收。
优选地，该纤维或相应纤维形成为玻璃纤维或形成为硅酸盐纤维。特别是在待包围的壳体被加热至约600°C时玻璃纤维是适合的。特别是在待包围的壳体被加热至约1000°C时硅酸盐纤维是适合的。
优选地，该纤维或相应纤维具有至少100m的长度，优选地至少200m的长度，特别优选地至少500m的长度，最优选地至少1000m的长度。该纤维或相应纤维优选地为连续纤维或单纤维。此类长纤维允许最佳地填满待包围的壳体与外壳之间的中空空间。最优选地，该纤维或每条纤维体现为连续纤维或单纤维且具有至少1000m的长度。
附图说明
本发明的优选的进一步发展从从属权利要求和以下描述获得。通过附图（而不限于此）更详细地解释本发明的示例性实施例。附图示出：
图1为在涡轮增压器的壳体和该壳体的外壳的区域中穿过涡轮增压器的示意性截面。
参考标号的列表
1 涡轮壳体
2 外壳
3 中空空间
4 纤维，连续纤维。
具体实施方式
这里提及的本领域技术人员熟悉涡轮增压器的基础构造。相应地，涡轮增压器包括：涡轮，其用于使第一介质膨胀，特别地用于使排气膨胀；以及压缩机，其用于压缩第二介质，特别地用于压缩增压空气，即，利用在第一介质的膨胀期间在涡轮中获得的能量。
涡轮包括涡轮转子和涡轮壳体。压缩机包括压缩机转子和压缩机壳体。涡轮转子和压缩机转子经由安装在涡轮增压器的轴承壳体中的轴联接，其中轴承壳体连接至涡轮壳体且还连接至压缩机壳体。
特别是当在操作期间例如涡轮转子或压缩机转子断裂时，其碎片可能击穿相应壳体（即，涡轮壳体或压缩机壳体）且进入周围环境。这必须避免，为了该目的，已知使涡轮增压器配备有外壳，其包绕涡轮增压器的涡轮壳体和/或压缩机壳体和/或轴承壳体。
优选地，在涡轮壳体和压缩机壳体的区域中在每种情况下采用单独的外壳，其至少区段地在外侧沿径向且在外侧沿轴向包绕待包围的涡轮增压器的相应壳体。
此类外壳不仅用于提供破裂保护。此类外壳还可用于涡轮增压器的组件的热隔离和声音隔离。
图1示出在涡轮壳体1和至少区段地在外侧包绕涡轮壳体1的外壳2的区域中穿过涡轮增压器的示意性截面。外壳2的具体构造与本发明无关。
在待包围的壳体1（这里是涡轮增压器的涡轮的涡轮流入壳体）以及外壳2之间形成中空空间3。根据本发明，限定长度的至少一条松散的纤维4被引入到此中空空间3中。
引入到中空空间3中的该纤维或相应纤维优选地形成为玻璃纤维或硅酸盐纤维。
引入到中空空间3中的该纤维或相应纤维4优选地具有至少100m的长度，优选地至少200m的长度，特别优选地至少500m的长度，最优选地至少1000m的长度。单条纤维或多条此类纤维4可引入到涡轮增压器的外壳2与待包围的壳体1之间的中空空间3中。
最优选地，该纤维或每条纤维4形成为带有至少1000m的长度的连续纤维或单纤维。
相应纤维4优选地被吹入中空空间3中。
松散地引入到中空空间3中的此类纤维4可最佳地适于或紧贴（hug）待包围的壳体1和外壳2的几何形状。可提供高的声音吸收和在保护壳情况下的高的能量吸收。还可改进热隔离。

Claims (10)

1.一种涡轮增压器，
带有用于使第一介质膨胀的涡轮，
带有用于利用在所述第一介质的膨胀期间在所述涡轮中获得的能量来压缩第二介质的压缩机，
其中所述涡轮的涡轮壳体（1）和所述压缩机的压缩机壳体连接至布置在其之间的轴承壳体，
带有至少区段地在外侧沿径向且在外侧沿轴向包绕所述涡轮壳体（1）和/或所述压缩机壳体和/或所述轴承壳体的外壳（2），
其特征在于，
限定长度的至少一条松散的纤维（4）被引入到所述外壳（2）与待包围的相应壳体（1）之间的中空空间（3）中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述纤维或相应纤维（4）形成为玻璃纤维。
3.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述纤维或相应纤维（4）形成为硅酸盐纤维。
4.根据权利要求1至权利要求3中任一项所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述纤维或相应纤维（4）具有至少100m的长度。
5.根据权利要求1至权利要求3中任一项所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述纤维或相应纤维（4）具有至少200m的长度。
6.根据权利要求1至权利要求3中任一项所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述纤维或相应纤维（4）具有至少500m的长度。
7.根据权利要求1至权利要求3中任一项所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述纤维或相应纤维（4）具有至少1000m的长度。
8.根据权利要求1至权利要求7中任一项所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述纤维或相应纤维（4）为连续纤维或单纤维。
9.根据权利要求1至权利要求8中任一项所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，单条松散的纤维（4）被引入到所述外壳（2）与待包围的相应壳体（1）之间的所述中空空间（3）中。
10.根据权利要求1至权利要求8中任一项所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，多条松散的纤维（4）被引入到所述外壳（2）与待包围的相应壳体（1）之间的所述中空空间（3）中。
CN201910074283.7A 2018-01-25 2019-01-25 涡轮增压器 Pending CN110080840A (zh)

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