CN110079834B - Molten salt electrolysis device for preparing rare earth metal and use method thereof - Google Patents
Molten salt electrolysis device for preparing rare earth metal and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110079834B CN110079834B CN201910496973.1A CN201910496973A CN110079834B CN 110079834 B CN110079834 B CN 110079834B CN 201910496973 A CN201910496973 A CN 201910496973A CN 110079834 B CN110079834 B CN 110079834B
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 6
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910019974 CrSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 rare earth ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Inorganic materials [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/34—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of metals not provided for in groups C25C3/02 - C25C3/32
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/06—Operating or servicing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/06—Operating or servicing
- C25C7/08—Separating of deposited metals from the cathode
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of rare earth metal preparation equipment, in particular to a molten salt electrolysis device for preparing rare earth metal and a using method thereof. According to the molten salt electrolysis device for preparing the rare earth metal and the use method thereof, the driving mechanism drives the rotary roller to rotate to scrape the metal precipitated on the negative plate, the electrolysis efficiency is improved, the over-high temperature of the negative plate is avoided, the service life of the negative plate is prolonged, the chlorine on the anode column is stripped by the ring sleeve, and the metal precipitated on the oxidation negative plate is further improved in current efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rare earth metal preparation equipment, in particular to a molten salt electrolysis device for preparing rare earth metal and a using method thereof.
Background
The preparation of rare earth metal by fused salt electrolysis is a method for reducing rare earth ions in a fused salt electrolyte containing rare earth metal into metal by electrons at the cathode of an electrolytic cell under the action of direct current, the chloride fused salt electrolyte is usually adopted in industry to prepare rare earth metal, RECI3-KCl is an ideal electrolyte system at present, and since NaCI is cheaper than KCI, a RECI3-KCI-NaCl ternary system is also a commonly used electrolyte system in industry, when the RECI3-KCl fused salt electrolyte is electrolyzed in the electrolytic cell, the molten rare earth metal is obtained at the cathode, chlorine is precipitated at the anode, the chlorinated rare earth and direct current electric quantity in the fused salt electrolyte are consumed, and in order to improve the electrolytic efficiency, the application number: 201720687074.0 discloses a fused salt electrolytic cell for producing rare earth metals and alloys, which improves the electrolysis efficiency by arranging a cathode plate between two anode posts and driving the cathode plate to move between the two anode posts in a circulating reciprocating way by a driving device, and uses an air extractor to extract chlorine gas, but the metal absorbed from the cathode plate is close to the anode posts and oxidized again by the chlorine gas in the moving process of the cathode plate, thereby reducing the current efficiency; the metal precipitated on the cathode plate is attached to the cathode to influence the electrolysis rate, the temperature of the cathode wrapped by the metal cannot be timely dispersed, the loss is too fast due to too high temperature, and chlorine gas attached to the surface of the anode cannot be timely separated from the anode to be discharged, so that the precipitated metal is easily oxidized again to generate the anode effect and reduce the current efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a molten salt electrolysis apparatus for rare earth metal production and a method of using the same to solve the problems set forth in the background art. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the molten salt electrolysis device comprises an electrolytic furnace, wherein a furnace cover is arranged on the electrolytic furnace, lifting plates are fixed at two ends of the upper surface of the furnace cover, an inner container for melting electrolyte is fixed inside the electrolytic furnace, a driving mechanism is arranged on the upper surface of the furnace cover, an anode column and a rotating roller are respectively arranged at the positions, close to two ends, of the lower surface of the furnace cover, a cathode plate is embedded in the rotating roller, the driving mechanism is connected with the rotating roller to enable the rotating roller to rotate around a shaft, a telescopic mechanism for controlling the cathode plate to scrape materials is arranged on the rotating roller, the driving mechanism is connected with a ring sleeve through a lifting mechanism, the ring sleeve is sleeved on the anode column, a separation mechanism is fixed in the middle of the lower surface of the furnace cover, and a floating platform is arranged on the separation mechanism.
Preferably, the side edge of the inner container close to the rotating roller is arc-shaped, the bottom surface of the inner container forms an inclination angle of 20-30 degrees with the horizontal plane, and the bottom of the inner container gradually becomes lower from the anode to the cathode.
Preferably, the driving mechanism comprises a motor fixed on the upper surface of the furnace cover and a shaft rod which is fixedly and rotatably connected to the furnace cover, and an output shaft of the motor is connected with the shaft rod through a worm and gear assembly.
Preferably, the center of the upper end face of the rotating roller is fixedly provided with a rotating shaft, the upper end of the rotating shaft penetrates through the furnace cover, the middle part of the rotating shaft is fixedly provided with a turntable bearing, the rotating shaft is fixedly connected onto the furnace cover through the turntable bearing, and one end of the shaft lever is connected with the upper end of the rotating shaft through a bevel gear component.
Preferably, a plurality of grooves are formed in the rotating roller and are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the rotating roller along the circumferential direction, the grooves are closed along the axial direction of the rotating roller, the upper end of each groove is opened, and the rotating roller is internally tangent to the middle of the inner surface of the arc-shaped side wall of the inner container.
Preferably, the number of the telescopic mechanisms corresponds to the number of the cathode plates, each telescopic mechanism comprises a guide sleeve and a push rod, the guide sleeves are vertically fixed on a rotating shaft, the push rods are inserted in the guide sleeves in a sliding mode, springs are arranged inside the guide sleeves, the push rods are connected with the rotating shaft through the springs, vertical downward thread sleeves are fixed at one ends of the push rods, which point to the outer sides of the guide sleeves, and the threads inside the thread sleeves are connected with bolts and connected with the upper side edges of the corresponding cathode plates through the bolts.
Preferably, the anode posts are arranged in a plurality and are uniformly distributed at equal intervals, exhaust holes are formed in the furnace cover and positioned on two sides of the anode posts, and the upper ends of the anode posts are in threaded connection with the furnace cover.
Preferably, elevating system includes the lifter plate, set up the logical groove of horizontal trend on the lifter plate, the one end vertical fixation that the axostylus axostyle is close to the anode post has the rocker, the free end vertical fixation of rocker has the driving lever, and driving lever sliding connection leads to the inslot, the lower fixed surface of elevating platform has vertical decurrent jib, the jib slides and pegs graft on the furnace lid, and jib and the through-hole department of furnace lid contact are fixed with the bush, the lower extreme of jib is fixed with the ring cover that corresponds with the anode post, the ring cover slides and cup joints on the anode post that corresponds, and interior anchor ring and anode post surface contact.
Preferably, the separating mechanism comprises a partition board fixed in the middle of the lower surface of the furnace cover, the partition board is vertically downward, a telescopic plate is sleeved on the partition board in a sliding mode, and floating platforms are fixed on two sides of the telescopic plate.
A method of using a molten salt electrolysis apparatus for rare earth metal production comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: the driving mechanism drives the rotating roller to rotate through the bevel gear assembly, and the rotating roller scrapes metal attached to the negative plate under the action of the telescopic mechanism and the side wall of the inner container;
step two: the driving mechanism drives the ring sleeve to strip the chlorine on the anode column through the lifting mechanism and discharge the chlorine in time, and the separation mechanism divides the upper space of the electrolyte into two parts under the action of the floating platform to block the chlorine on the side of the anode column from flowing to the cathode plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the driving mechanism drives the rotating roller to rotate to scrape off the metal precipitated on the negative plate, so that the electrolytic efficiency is improved, the metal ions are rapidly precipitated, and the metal attached to the negative plate is scraped off, so that the over-high temperature of the negative plate is avoided, the service life of the negative plate is prolonged, and the loss is reduced;
2. in the invention, the bottom of the inner container is inclined, so that metal scraped from the cathode plate sinks to and gathers at a deeper part of the bottom surface of the inner container, the metal is prevented from moving to the anode pole, the anode effect is avoided, and the current efficiency is improved;
3. in the invention, the driving mechanism drives the ring sleeve to strip the chlorine on the anode column through the lifting mechanism and discharge the chlorine in time, so as to avoid oxidizing metal precipitated from the cathode plate and improve the current efficiency;
4. in the invention, the separation mechanism divides the upper space of the molten electrolyte into two parts to prevent chlorine on the side of the anode column from flowing to the cathode plate, so that the chlorine is prevented from oxidizing metal precipitated on the cathode plate, and the current efficiency is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the final assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the structure at B in FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a lifter plate structure according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-an electrolytic furnace; 2-furnace cover; 3-inner container; 4-an anode column; 5-a cathode plate; 6, a motor; 7-a worm gear assembly; 8-shaft lever; 9-a bevel gear assembly; 10-a rotating shaft; 11 a turntable bearing; 12-a rotating roll; 13-a groove; 14-a rocker; 15-a lifter plate; 16-a deflector rod; 17-a boom; 18-ring sleeve; 19-a bushing; 20-lifting the hanger plate; 21-a separator; 22-a retractable plate; 23-a floating platform; 24-a guide sleeve; 25-a spring; 26-a push rod; 27-a thread insert; 28-bolt; 29-exhaust hole; 30-through groove.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by workers skilled in the art without any inventive work based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the present invention provides a technical solution: a fused salt electrolysis device for preparing rare earth metal and a using method thereof comprise an electrolytic furnace 1, wherein a furnace cover 2 is arranged on the electrolytic furnace 1, the furnace cover 2 is used for sealing an inner container 3 to avoid heat dissipation and improve current efficiency, lifting plates 20 are respectively fixed at two ends of the upper surface of the furnace cover 2, the lifting plates 20 are connected with lifting equipment to facilitate installation and taking out of the furnace cover 2, the inner container 3 for melting electrolyte is fixed in the electrolytic furnace 1, the inner container 3 is made of dense graphite to avoid carbon in the molten salt electrolyte from hindering condensation of cathode metal, a driving mechanism is arranged on the upper surface of the furnace cover 2, anode posts 4 and rotating rollers 12 are respectively arranged at positions, close to two ends, of the lower surface of the furnace cover 2, cathode plates 5 are embedded on the rotating rollers 12, the anode posts 4 are also made of dense graphite, the cathode plates 5 are made of molybdenum or tungsten, the driving mechanism is connected with the rotating rollers 12 to enable the rotating rollers 12 to rotate around a shaft, and be provided with the telescopic machanism that the control negative plate 5 scraped the material on the rotatory roller 12, telescopic machanism makes negative plate 5 can reciprocating motion on rotatory roller 12, realize the continuous action of scraping the material, actuating mechanism passes through elevating system and connects ring cover 18, ring cover 18 cup joints on positive post 4, the lower surface middle part of bell 2 is fixed with separating mechanism, the last floating platform 23 that is provided with of separating mechanism, the effect of floating platform 23 is with the expansion plate 22 buoyancy, and along with the corresponding adjustment of the liquid level of electrolyte, prevent under the circumstances that does not influence the electrolyte and flow, the chlorine of positive post 4 department carries out the separation, negative plate 5 and the equal electric connection of positive post 4 are last corresponding electrode.
In this embodiment, the side of the inner container 3 close to the rotating roller 12 is arc-shaped, the side wall of the inner container 3 applies a reaction force to the cathode plate 5 to move the cathode plate 5 into the groove 13 for scraping, the bottom surface of the inner container 3 and the horizontal plane form an inclination angle of 20-30 degrees, the bottom of the inner container 3 gradually becomes lower from the anode to the cathode, the inclined bottom is used for collecting metal separated out by the cathode, and a sink for collecting metal can be arranged below the rotating roller 12.
In this embodiment, actuating mechanism rotates the axostylus axostyle 8 of connecting on bell 2 including fixing motor 6 and the dead axle on bell 2 upper surface, and motor 6's output shaft passes through turbine worm subassembly 7 and connects axostylus axostyle 8, and turbine worm subassembly 7 simple structure is convenient for maintain the maintenance, and transmission stability is high moreover.
In this embodiment, a rotating shaft 10 is fixed at the center of the upper end surface of the rotating roller 12, the upper end of the rotating shaft 10 penetrates through the furnace cover 2, a turntable bearing 11 is fixed at the middle part of the rotating shaft and is fixedly and rotatably connected to the furnace cover 2 through the turntable bearing 11, one end of the shaft lever 8 is connected with the upper end of the rotating shaft 10 through a bevel gear assembly 9, and the rotating shaft 10 is made of high-temperature-resistant conductive metal and is electrically connected with a power supply through an electric brush.
In this embodiment, a plurality of grooves 13 are formed in the rotating roller 12, the plurality of grooves 13 are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the rotating roller 12 along the circumferential direction, the lower end of each groove 13 along the axial direction of the rotating roller 12 is closed, the upper end of each groove is open, the rotating roller 12 is internally tangent to the middle of the inner surface of the circular arc-shaped side wall of the liner 3, and the rotating roller 12 is made of a high-temperature-resistant insulating material, such as a ceramic material.
In this embodiment, the number of the telescopic mechanisms corresponds to that of the cathode plates 5, each telescopic mechanism comprises a guide sleeve 24 and a push rod 26, the guide sleeve 24 is vertically fixed on the rotating shaft 10, the push rods 26 are slidably inserted into the guide sleeves 24, springs 25 are arranged inside the guide sleeves 24, the push rods 26 are connected with the rotating shaft 10 through the springs 25, vertically downward threaded sleeves 27 are fixed at one ends of the push rods 26, which point to the outer sides of the guide sleeves 24, bolts 28 are connected with the inner portions of the threaded sleeves 27 and connected with the upper side edges of the corresponding cathode plates 5 through the bolts 28, the guide sleeves 24, the push rods 26, the threaded sleeves 27 and the bolts 28 are made of the same material as the cathode plates 5, the springs 25 are made of high-temperature-resistant springs, for example, the material is a spring made of high-temperature alloy materials such as CrV, CrSi, Inconel and the like, and the threaded sleeves 27.
In this embodiment, the anode posts 4 are provided with a plurality of and evenly distributed and arranged at equal intervals, the furnace cover 2 is provided with exhaust holes 29 at two sides of the anode posts 4, the upper end of the anode posts 4 is in threaded connection with the furnace cover 2, and the exhaust holes 29 are connected with a collecting device for collecting chlorine gas so as to discharge the chlorine gas timely and avoid reaction with cathode metal.
In this embodiment, elevating system includes lifter plate 15, logical groove 30 of horizontal trend has been seted up on lifter plate 15, the one end vertical fixation that axostylus axostyle 8 is close to anode post 4 has rocker 14, the free end vertical fixation of rocker 14 has driving lever 16, and driving lever 16 sliding connection is in logical groove 30, the lower fixed surface of elevating platform 15 has vertical decurrent jib 17, jib 17 slides and pegs graft on bell 2, and jib 17 is fixed with bush 19 with the through-hole department of bell 2 contact, the lower extreme of jib 17 is fixed with the ring cover 18 that corresponds with anode post 4, ring cover 18 slides and cup joints on the anode post 4 that corresponds, and interior anchor ring and anode post 4 surface contact.
In this embodiment, the separation mechanism includes a partition plate 21 fixed in the middle of the lower surface of the furnace cover 2, the partition plate 21 is vertically downward, a telescopic plate 22 is slidably sleeved on the partition plate 21, the partition plate 21 and the telescopic plate 22 play a role in separating the space, and floating platforms 23 are fixed on both sides of the telescopic plate 22.
The use method and the advantages of the invention are as follows: the molten salt electrolysis device for preparing rare earth metal comprises the following steps when in use:
the method comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the anode pole 4 and the cathode plate 5 are electrically connected to the corresponding electrode of the dc power supply, and the electrolyte is melted by the energization, when the electrolysis is performed, the motor 6 is energized to work, the motor 6 drives the shaft lever 8 to rotate through the worm gear assembly 7, the rotation of the shaft lever 8 drives the rotating shaft 10 to rotate through the bevel gear assembly 9, the rotation of the rotating shaft 10 synchronously drives the rotating roller 12 to rotate, the rotating roller 12 simultaneously drives the cathode plate 5 to synchronously rotate, the cathode plate 5 gradually approaches to and contacts with the circular arc-shaped sidewall of the inner container 3 along with the rotation of the rotating roller 12, the rotating roller 12 continuously rotates to drive the cathode plate 5 to continuously move along the circular arc-shaped sidewall, as shown in fig. 2, the rotating roller 12 rotates counterclockwise, because the distance between the edge of the circular arc-shaped sidewall and the center line position and the rotating roller 12 gradually decreases, the circular, as shown in fig. 3, the movement of the cathode plate 5 simultaneously moves the push rod 26 inwardly of the guide 24 and compresses the spring 25, so that the spring 25 obtains a restoring force;
when the cathode plate 5 moves towards the inside of the groove 13, the side edge of the groove 13 is separated out and metal attached to the cathode plate 5 is scraped, the metal sinks towards the bottom of the inner container 3, along with the continuous rotation of the rotating roller 12, the distance between the middle line position of the arc-shaped side wall and the rotating roller 12 is gradually increased from the other edge, the arc-shaped side wall of the inner container 3 applies reverse acting force to the cathode plate 5 gradually, the spring 25 pushes the push rod 26 to move towards the outside of the guide sleeve 24 under the action of restoring force of the spring 25, the spring 25 extends and resets, the push rod 26 drives the cathode plate 5 to move towards the outside of the groove 13 while moving towards the outside of the guide sleeve 24, and the metal in electrolyte;
the rotation of the rotating roller 12 continuously scrapes the metal precipitated on the cathode plate 5, so that the electrolytic efficiency is improved, the rapid precipitation of metal ions is facilitated, and even if the metal attached to the cathode plate 5 is scraped, the temperature of the cathode plate 5 is prevented from being too high, the service life of the cathode plate 5 is prolonged, the loss is reduced, and as the bottom of the inner container 3 is inclined, the metal scraped from the cathode plate 5 sinks to and gathers in the deeper bottom of the inner container 3, so that the metal is prevented from moving to the anode posts 4 as much as possible;
the rotating roller 12 drives the cathode plate 5 to rotate, so that the molten electrolyte in the inner container 3 forms a circulation flow, on one hand, the metal in the electrolyte is separated out as fast as possible, and the metal separation amount is improved, on the other hand, the circulation flow improves the flowing speed and efficiency of the electrolyte, so that the electromotive force between the cathode plate 5 and the anode column 4 can be reduced, the energy is saved, the distance between the cathode plate 5 and the anode column 4 can be increased, the anode effect is avoided more effectively, and the current efficiency is improved;
step two: the shaft lever 8 rotates and simultaneously drives the rocker 14 to rotate around the shaft lever 8, the rotation of the rocker 14 drives the shift lever 16 to rotate, the motion track of the shift lever 16 is that the shaft lever 8 is taken as the center of a circle, the rocker 14 is a circle with a radius, as shown in fig. 4, the shift lever 16 reciprocates along the through groove 30 in the motion process in the horizontal direction, the vertical movement of the shift lever 16 synchronously drives the lifting plate 15 to move up and down, the lifting plate 15 moves to drive the ring sleeve 18 to synchronously move up and down along the anode column 4 through the hanger rod 17, the chlorine bubbles attached to the anode column 4 are stripped from the anode column 4 by the movement of the ring sleeve 18 on the anode column 4 and ascend to the upper part of electrolyte, and are discharged through the exhaust hole 29 and collected by the chlorine collecting device, so that the chlorine on the anode column 4 is discharged as far as possible in time;
in the molten salt electrolysis process, the upper space of the molten electrolyte is divided into two parts by the separating mechanism, the expansion plate 22 moves up and down along with the liquid level of the electrolyte under the action of the floating platform 23, and the chlorine inside the cavity at the side of the anode pole 4 is prevented from flowing to the cathode plate 5, so that the chlorine is prevented from oxidizing the metal precipitated on the cathode plate 5, and the current efficiency is further improved.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the above embodiments and the description, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a fused salt electrolytic device for rare earth metal preparation usefulness, includes electrolytic furnace (1), is provided with bell (2) on electrolytic furnace (1), the upper surface both ends of bell (2) all are fixed with hoisting plate (20), its characterized in that: an inner container (3) for melting electrolyte is fixed in the electrolytic furnace (1), a driving mechanism is arranged on the upper surface of the furnace cover (2), an anode column (4) and a rotating roller (12) are respectively arranged at the positions, close to two ends, of the lower surface of the furnace cover (2), and a cathode plate (5) is embedded in the rotating roller (12); the driving mechanism is connected with the rotating roller (12) to enable the rotating roller (12) to rotate around a shaft, a telescopic mechanism for controlling scraping of the cathode plate (5) is arranged on the rotating roller (12), the driving mechanism is connected with a ring sleeve (18) through a lifting mechanism, and the ring sleeve (18) is sleeved on the anode column (4); and a separation mechanism is fixed in the middle of the lower surface of the furnace cover (2), and a floating platform (23) is arranged on the separation mechanism.
2. A molten salt electrolysis apparatus for rare earth metal preparation according to claim 1, characterised in that: the side edge of the inner container (3) close to the rotating roller (12) is arc-shaped, the bottom surface of the inner container (3) forms an inclination angle of 20-30 degrees with the horizontal plane, and the bottom of the inner container (3) gradually becomes lower from the anode to the cathode.
3. A molten salt electrolysis apparatus for rare earth metal preparation according to claim 1, characterised in that: the driving mechanism comprises a motor (6) fixed on the upper surface of the furnace cover (2) and a shaft lever (8) rotationally connected to the furnace cover (2) in a fixed shaft mode, and an output shaft of the motor (6) is connected with the shaft lever (8) through a worm and gear assembly (7).
4. A molten salt electrolysis apparatus for rare earth metal preparation according to claim 3, characterised in that: the rotary furnace is characterized in that a rotating shaft (10) is fixed at the center of the upper end face of the rotating roller (12), the upper end of the rotating shaft (10) penetrates through the furnace cover (2), a turntable bearing (11) is fixed in the middle of the rotating shaft and is fixedly connected onto the furnace cover (2) in a shaft-fixing mode through the turntable bearing (11), and one end of the shaft rod (8) is connected with the upper end of the rotating shaft (10) through a bevel gear assembly (9).
5. A molten salt electrolysis apparatus for rare earth metal preparation according to claim 4, characterised in that: the rotary roller (12) is provided with a plurality of grooves (13), the grooves (13) are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the rotary roller (12) along the circumferential direction, the grooves (13) are closed at the lower end and opened at the upper end along the axial direction of the rotary roller (12), and the rotary roller (12) is internally tangent to the middle part of the inner surface of the arc-shaped side wall of the inner container (3); the number of the telescopic mechanisms corresponds to that of the cathode plates (5), each telescopic mechanism comprises a guide sleeve (24) and a push rod (26), the guide sleeves (24) are vertically fixed on the rotating shaft (10), the push rods (26) are inserted into the guide sleeves (24) in a sliding mode, springs (25) are arranged inside the guide sleeves (24), the push rods (26) are connected with the rotating shaft (10) through the springs (25), one ends, pointing to the outer sides of the guide sleeves (24), of the push rods (26) are fixed with vertical downward thread sleeves (27), the thread sleeves (27) are connected with bolts (28) in a threaded mode, and the corresponding upper side edges of the cathode plates (5) are connected through the bolts (28).
6. A molten salt electrolysis apparatus for rare earth metal preparation according to claim 3, characterised in that: the anode column (4) is provided with a plurality of and is arranged at equal intervals, exhaust holes (29) are formed in the two sides of the furnace cover (2) located on the anode column (4), and the upper end of the anode column (4) is in threaded connection with the furnace cover (2).
7. A molten salt electrolysis apparatus for rare earth metal preparation according to claim 6, characterised in that: the lifting mechanism comprises a lifting plate (15), a through groove (30) with a horizontal trend is formed in the lifting plate (15), a rocker (14) is vertically fixed to one end, close to the anode post (4), of the shaft rod (8), a driving lever (16) is vertically fixed to the free end of the rocker (14), the driving lever (16) is connected into the through groove (30) in a sliding mode, a vertical downward hanging rod (17) is fixed to the lower surface of the lifting platform (15), the hanging rod (17) is inserted into the furnace cover (2) in a sliding mode, a bushing (19) is fixed to a through hole in contact with the furnace cover (2) of the hanging rod (17), a ring sleeve (18) corresponding to the anode post (4) is fixed to the lower end of the hanging rod (17), the ring sleeve (18) is sleeved on the corresponding anode post (4) in a sliding mode, and the inner ring surface of the ring is in contact with the surface of the.
8. A molten salt electrolysis apparatus for rare earth metal preparation according to claim 1, characterised in that: the separation mechanism comprises a partition plate (21) fixed in the middle of the lower surface of the furnace cover (2), the partition plate (21) is vertically downward, a telescopic plate (22) is sleeved on the partition plate (21) in a sliding mode, and floating platforms (23) are fixed on two sides of the telescopic plate (22).
9. Use of a molten salt electrolysis device for rare earth metal preparation according to claim 4, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the driving mechanism drives the rotating roller (12) to rotate through the bevel gear assembly (9), and the rotating roller (12) scrapes metal attached to the cathode plate (5) under the action of the telescopic mechanism and the side wall of the inner container (3);
step two: the driving mechanism drives the ring sleeve (18) to strip the chlorine on the anode column (4) through the lifting mechanism and discharge the chlorine in time, and the separation mechanism divides the upper space of the electrolyte into two parts under the action of the floating platform (23) and prevents the chlorine on the side of the anode column (4) from flowing to the cathode plate (5).
10. A method of use of a molten salt electrolysis apparatus for rare earth metal preparation according to claim 9 wherein: and the first step and the second step work simultaneously or work in the sequential order of the first step and the second step smoothly.
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| WO2012078524A1 (en) * | 2010-12-05 | 2012-06-14 | Metal Oxygen Separation Technologies, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for processing of rare earth metal ore |
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| CN106835203B (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2019-05-31 | 宝纳资源控股(集团)有限公司 | A kind of purification device and method of fused salt |
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