CN110065373A - 用于混合动力电动车辆的组件和混合动力电动车辆 - Google Patents

用于混合动力电动车辆的组件和混合动力电动车辆 Download PDF

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CN110065373A
CN110065373A CN201910044966.8A CN201910044966A CN110065373A CN 110065373 A CN110065373 A CN 110065373A CN 201910044966 A CN201910044966 A CN 201910044966A CN 110065373 A CN110065373 A CN 110065373A
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fuel tank
electric vehicle
hybrid electric
jointing
traction battery
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托马斯·泽纳
丹尼尔·本杰明·科克
卡洛琳·博恩
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/003—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
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    • B60K2015/03328—Arrangements or special measures related to fuel tanks or fuel handling
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于车辆的组件(6)，特别是用于混合动力电动车辆(1)的组件，该组件包括至少一个燃料箱(7)和至少一个布置在燃料箱(7)的外部、与燃料箱(7)热连接的牵引电池(8)。为了为牵引电池(8)提供经济上可行的冷却，组件(6)具有至少一个布置在燃料箱(7)内的冷却肋片(12)，该冷却肋片热连接到与牵引电池(8)热连接的燃料箱(7)的连接区段(13)并且设计为几乎完全或完全伸展到燃料箱(7)的底壁区段(14)，该底壁区段在地理测量最深处布置和/或在地理测量比连接区段(13)更深处布置。

Description

用于混合动力电动车辆的组件和混合动力电动车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的组件，特别是用于混合动力电动车辆的组件，该组件包括至少一个燃料箱和至少一个牵引电池，该牵引电池布置在燃料箱的外部并且热连接到燃料箱。此外，本发明涉及一种车辆，尤其是混合动力电动车辆。
背景技术
混合动力电动车辆具有至少一个牵引电池，利用该牵引电池可以在混合动力电动车辆的电动驾驶操作中向混合动力电动车辆的电驱动装置供应电能。优选地，牵引电池布置在混合动力电动车辆上，使得混合动力电动车辆的乘客舱和行李箱尽可能少或不受限制。为此目的，牵引电池例如作为车身底板单元安装，特别是在后长条座椅下方并且在混合动力电动车辆的后轴的前侧安装。这里，牵引电池与混合动力电动车辆的燃料箱共用空间，导致箱体积减小。
将牵引电池设置成靠近混合动力电动车辆的其它部件可能使牵引电池的所需冷却复杂化，例如，当牵引电池的表面不能暴露于冷却空气流时。这导致牵引电池的散热差，从而使牵引电池及其电池单元的工作温度更高，这可能导致电池性能和/或电池寿命的降低。
JP 2007302123A公开了一种机动车辆，其具有邻近燃料箱设置的电池，使得电池的热量可以传递给燃料箱中的燃料以冷却电池。电子控制器件基于电池的温度确定是否需要冷却电池。当需要冷却电池时，电子控制器件激活电磁阀，使得至少一部分离开燃料箱的燃料可以通过返回管线返回到燃料箱。当燃料以这种方式循环时，燃料失去热量，由此导致电池和燃料之间的热交换。
JP 2007320331 A公开了一种混合动力电动车辆，其具有浸没在燃料箱内的液体燃料中的电池。电池可以通过燃料的冷度来冷却。当混合动力电动车辆行驶时，燃料箱内的燃料由于混合动力电动车辆的速度变化或转弯而移动，从而冷却电池的内部。
US 2014246259 A1公开了一种用于电动车辆的电池单元，该电池单元从下方安装在车辆地板的底表面上，使得电池单元的底部从车辆地板向下突出。形成电池单元的壳体的一部分的下壳体由铝合金与上壳体一起压铸而成，并具有多个冷却肋片，这些冷却肋片在垂直方向上延伸并整体地布置在下壳体的前壁和后壁上。冷却肋片改善了散热性能，并且还用作在撞击路缘等类似物时作为保护电池单元底部角的保护装置。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为车辆(特别是混合动力电动车辆)的牵引电池提供经济上可行的冷却系统。
根据本发明，该目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的组件实现，该组件包括至少一个设置在燃料箱内的冷却肋片，该冷却肋片热连接到燃料箱连接牵引电池的连接区段，并且设计为几乎完全或完全伸展到燃料箱的底壁区段，该底壁区段在地理测量最深处布置和/或在地理测量比连接区段更深处布置。
应当注意，以下描述中列出的特征及措施以任何技术上有意义的方式可以组合并示出本发明的其塔实施例。该描述另外表征和指定了本发明，特别是结合附图。
根据本发明，牵引电池利用燃料箱冷却，该燃料箱冷却至少一个设置在燃料箱中的冷却肋片和位于燃料箱中的燃料，其中燃料箱、冷却肋片和燃料形成散热器。牵引电池优选地热连接到燃料箱，使得可以以尽可能低的热阻将热量从牵引电池的电池单元传递到燃料箱。这里，燃料箱的表面可用于增加可用的传热表面。不需要额外的空气或流体冷却，从而可以廉价地实现根据本发明的牵引电池的冷却。
冷却肋片是燃料箱的连接区段的散热表面的扩大部分，从而改善了从该连接区段的热量的散发。因此，冷却肋片可吸收热量并将其从燃料箱的连接区段消散，该热量先前已经从牵引电池转移到连接区段。冷却肋片将热量至少部分地传递给燃料箱中的燃料，冷却肋片至少部分地浸入燃料中。为此目的，冷却肋片设计成使得其完全或几乎完全伸展到燃料箱的底壁区段，该底壁区段在地理测量最深处布置和/或在地理测量比连接区段更深处布置，因为冷却肋片因此在燃料箱的每个填充状态下浸没在燃料中。
冷却肋片优选部分或全部由具有优良导热性能的金属(例如铝或铜)或金属合金制成。冷却肋片可以单独制造并与燃料箱的连接区段连接(例如材料结合)或者用连接区段整体制造。根据本发明的组件优选地具有两个、三个或更多个相应的冷却肋片。
在燃料箱内的至少一个冷却肋片的创造性布置也具有优点：在行驶过程中在燃料箱内由燃料运动引起的晃动噪音减少了，这提高了相应的混合动力电动车辆的乘坐舒适性，特别是因为在混合动力电动车辆的安静电动驾驶操作期间的相应噪声能被清楚察觉。
连接区段优选地是燃料箱的一区段，牵引电池通过插入至少一个导热体或材料固体地直接或间接地连接到该区段。由此，连接区段热连接到牵引电池。
燃料箱可以部分地或完全地由金属板形成，以允许牵引电池和燃料之间的良好热传递。燃料箱的该实施例在混合动力电动车辆的加压燃料系统中也是有利的，如在插电式混合动力电动车辆中常见的那样。或者，燃料箱可以部分或全部由塑料或复合材料形成。
布置在燃料箱外部、与燃料箱热连接的牵引电池具有多个电池单元(例如锂离子电池单元)，这些电池单元可以组合成单独的电池单元模块。电池单元可以安装在牵引电池的电池壳体内，使得热量从电池单元直接传递到电池壳体。为此目的，电池单元优选地直接连接到电池壳体的与燃料箱的连接区段相连接的区段。
牵引电池优选地连接到燃料箱，使得在牵引电池和燃料箱之间产生夹紧力，从而确保牵引电池和燃油箱之间的最大表面接触，使得可以实现从牵引电池到燃料箱的最佳热传递。
根据一个有利的实施例，与燃料箱的连接区段热连接的冷却肋片的至少一个区段的横截面至少部分为L形，其中冷却肋片的区段的腿部与连接区段材料连接。由此，在单独制造的冷却肋片和连接区段之间可以实现相对大的连接区域，以便能够尽可能快地从连接区段散热。冷却肋片的与连接区段材料连接的区段的腿部可以例如焊接或熔接到连接区段。
另一个有利的实施例中，冷却肋片至少部分地由铝或铜制成。由此，热量可以通过冷却肋片从连接区段快速消散并输送到燃料。
根据另一有利实施例，牵引电池至少部分地通过导热胶或至少一个热分布板热连接到燃料箱。借助于导热胶可以改善牵引电池和燃料箱之间的热传递。为此，导热胶预先施加在牵引电池和/或燃料箱的连接区段(例如表面)上。借助于热分布板牵引电池的电池单元中产生的热量可以更好地分配到牵引电池和燃料箱的连接区段之间的整个接触表面，这使得牵引电池冷却更均匀并且从而更有效。
上述目的通过具有权利要求5的特征的车辆(特别是混合动力电动车辆)进一步实现，该车辆具有至少一个根据前述实施例之一或这些实施例中的至少两个的任何组合的组件。
上述关于组件的优点相应地适用于车辆，特别是混合动力电动车辆。车辆(特别是混合动力电动车辆)可以例如是插电式混合动力电动车辆。混合动力电动车辆具有至少一个内燃发动机，该内燃发动机可以通过燃料泵从燃料箱供应燃料。
尽管已经参考混合动力车辆具体描述了本发明，但纯电动车辆也包括在本发明的范围内。虽然电动车辆没有用于驱动车辆的内燃发动机，但是可以具有燃料动力单元，例如燃料驱动的辅助加热器。当然，这些电动车辆具有燃料箱，该燃料箱存储用于燃料动力的机组的燃料。如上所述，纯电动车辆的燃料箱或存储在燃料箱中的燃料以使用先前描述的燃料箱的目标布置和配置的方式可用于根据需要冷却电池。
附图说明
在从属权利要求和附图的以下描述中公开了本发明的其它有利实施例。在图中：
图1示出了根据本发明的混合动力电动车辆的实施例的后部的示意性仰视图；
图2示出了图1所示的混合动力电动车辆的示意性剖视图；
图3示出了图1中所示的混合动力电动车辆的另一示意性剖视图；
图4示出了图1中所示的混合动力电动车辆的另一示意性剖视图，其具有与图1不同的箱填充状态；
图5示出了根据本发明的混合动力电动车辆的另一示例性实施例的后部的示意性仰视图；和
图6示出了图5中所示的混合动力电动车辆的示意性剖视图。
具体实施方式
在不同的图中，相同的部件总是具有相同的附图标记，因此它们通常仅被描述一次。
图1示出了根据本发明的车辆(特别是混合动力电动车辆1)的示例性实施例的后部的示意性仰视图，该车辆在下文中称为混合动力电动车辆1。混合动力电动车辆1具有底板2，底板2具有两个侧向侧支架3和4。还示出了排气管5的一个区段，该区段在车辆纵向方向上延伸。
混合动力电动车辆1具有组件6，该组件具有燃料箱7和牵引电池8，牵引电池8布置在燃料箱7的外部并且热连接到燃料箱7。牵引电池8可以至少部分地通过未示出的导热胶热连接到燃料箱7。在燃料箱7中布置有燃料泵9，其压力侧与燃料供应管线10相连接，该燃料供应管线10用于向混合动力电动车辆1的未示出的内燃发动机供应燃料。牵引电池8经由电池端口11与混合动力电动车辆1的未示出的其它电气部件连接。燃料箱7在牵引电池8和排气管5的区域中具有减小的高度，这尤其由图2和图4得出。
组件6具有设置在燃料箱7内的冷却肋片12，该冷却肋片分别热连接到与牵引电池8热连接的燃料箱7的连接区段13。每个冷却肋片12可以至少部分地由铝或铜制成。冷却肋片12仅在图1中由虚线示意性地示出，因为它们被隐藏在燃料箱7内。冷却肋片12的结构在图2至4中更好地示出。冷却肋片12彼此平行地延伸并且彼此间隔开。每个冷却肋片12设计成使得其完全伸展到燃料箱的底壁区段，该底壁区段在地理测量最深处布置和/或在地理测量比连接区段13更深处布置。这从图2和4中特别明显。
与燃料箱7的连接区段13热连接的相应冷却肋片12的至少一个区段15形成为至少部分地L形的横截面，其中图3中所示的冷却肋片12的相应区段15的腿部与连接区段13材料连接。
图2示出了图1中所示的混合动力电动车辆1的示意性剖视图。可以看出所示的冷却肋片12在车辆横向方向上伸展穿过燃料箱7，即，从燃料箱7的连接区段13到在地理测量最深处和在地理测量低于连接区段13处布置的燃料箱7的底壁区段14。还示出了燃料箱7内的燃料17，所示的冷却肋片12几乎完全浸没在该燃料中。从牵引电池8可以看到两个电池单元模块16。
图3示出了图1中所示的混合动力电动车辆1在燃料箱7的连接区段13的区域中的另一示意性剖视图。可以看到牵引电池8的结构，该牵引电池具有多个电池单元18，这些电池单元分别直接热连接和固体地连接到牵引电池8的热分布板19，该热分布板19又直接热连接和固体地连接到牵引电池8的电池壳体20。电池壳体20热连接到连接区段13。
与燃料箱7的连接区段13热连接的每个冷却肋片12的区段15至少部分地形成为L形的横截面。相应的区段15具有垂直于连接区段13延伸的腿部21和腿部22，腿部22以材料连接的方式连接到连接区段13并且平行于连接区段13延伸。
图4示出了图1中所示的混合动力电动车辆1的另一示意性剖视图，其具有与图1不同的箱填充状态。燃料17在所示的箱填充状态下几乎用尽，因此相应的冷却肋片12大部分暴露出来，然而，与在地理测量最深处和在地理测量低于连接区段13处布置的燃料箱7的底壁区段14相邻的该冷却肋片的端部区段进一步浸没在燃料17中。通过箭头表示从连接区段13经由冷却肋片12到燃料17的热传递。
图5示出了根据本发明的混合动力电动车辆23的另一示例性实施例的后部的示意性仰视图。混合动力电动车辆23与图1至图4所示的示例性实施例的不同之处特别地在于，牵引电池24横向地布置在燃料箱25旁边，为此，排气管5横向放置并且围绕组件26放置。燃料箱25的连接区段13垂直延伸。这同样适用于六个与连接区段13热连接的冷却肋片27，由于这些冷却肋片27在燃料箱25内的隐藏布置，它们由虚线表示。在图6中更好地看到组件26的结构。每个冷却肋片27可以完全以L形设计并且具有平行于连接区段13延伸(未示出)以材料连接的方式与连接区段13相连接的腿部。为避免重复，参考图1至4的以上描述。
图6示出了图5中所示的混合动力电动车辆23的示意性剖视图。可以看出，每个冷却肋片27浸入燃料箱25内的燃料17中，在所示的箱填充状态下仅具有地理测量较深处的端部区段。
尽管已经参考混合动力车辆具体描述了本发明，但纯电动车辆也包括在本发明的保护范围内。虽然电动车辆没有用于驱动车辆的内燃发动机，但是可以具有燃料动力机组，例如燃料动力的辅助加热器。当然，这些电动车辆具有燃料箱，该燃料箱存储用于燃料动力的机组的燃料。纯电动车辆的燃料箱或存储在燃料箱中的燃料以使用先前描述的燃料箱的目标布置和配置的方式可以如上所述用于所需的电池冷却。
附图标记列表：
1 车辆，尤其是混合动力电动车辆
2 底板
3 侧支架
4 侧支架
5 排气管
6 组件
7 燃料箱
8 牵引电池
9 燃料泵
10 燃料供应管线
11 电池接口
12 冷却肋片
13 7、25的连接区段
14 7、25的底壁区段
15 12、27的区段
16 电池单元模块
17 燃料
18 电池单元
19 热分布板
20 电池壳体
21 15的垂直的腿部
22 15的平行的腿部
23 混合动力电动车辆
24 牵引电池
25 燃料箱
26 组件
27 冷却肋片

Claims (5)

1.一种用于车辆尤其是用于混合动力电动车辆(1、23)的组件(6、26)，所述组件具有至少一个燃料箱(7、25)以及至少一个牵引电池(8、24)，所述牵引电池在所述燃料箱(7、25)外布置、与所述燃料箱(7、25)热连接，
其特征在于：
具有至少一个在所述燃料箱(7、25)内布置的冷却肋片(12、27)，所述冷却肋片与热连接到所述牵引电池(8、24)的所述燃料箱(7、25)的连接区段(13)热连接并且设计成几乎完全或完全伸展到所述燃料箱(7、25)的底壁区段(14)，所述底壁区段在地理测量最深处布置和/或在地理测量比所述连接区段(13)更深处布置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组件(6、26)，
其特征在于：
与所述燃料箱(7、25)的所述连接区段(13)热连接的所述冷却肋片(12、27)的至少一个区段(15)的横截面至少部分地设计为L形，其中所述冷却肋片(12、27)的所述区段(15)的腿部(22)与所述连接区段(13)材料连接。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的组件(6、26)，
其特征在于：
所述冷却肋片(12、27)至少部分地由铝或铜制成。
4.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的组件(6、26)，
其特征在于：
所述牵引电池(8、24)至少部分地通过导热胶或至少一个热分布板(19)热连接到所述燃料箱(7、25)。
5.一种车辆，尤其是混合动力电动车辆(1、23)，
其特征在于：
具有至少一个根据前述权利要求任一项所述的组件(6、26)。
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