CN110064805B - Electrolytic machining electrolyte flow equalization array group hole cathode and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Electrolytic machining electrolyte flow equalization array group hole cathode and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110064805B CN110064805B CN201910469218.4A CN201910469218A CN110064805B CN 110064805 B CN110064805 B CN 110064805B CN 201910469218 A CN201910469218 A CN 201910469218A CN 110064805 B CN110064805 B CN 110064805B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electrolytic machining electrolyte flow equalizing array group-hole cathode and a manufacturing method thereof, and belongs to the field of cathodes for electrolytic machining. The electrolytic machining electrolyte flow equalizing array group-hole cathode comprises an end cover, a flow equalizing cylinder, a base, a spring piece, a cathode support and a group-hole cathode tube, wherein electrolyte enters a stirring cavity from a liquid inlet hole, the spring piece is impacted in the stirring cavity to enable the spring piece to vibrate and stir the electrolyte, the stirred electrolyte is uniformly divided into a plurality of branches through a dense filter layer, a stable flowing laminar flow is formed in the dense filter layer, and the branches are conveyed to the group-hole cathode tube through a buffer cavity to be subjected to electrolytic group-hole machining. By utilizing the structure, before the electrolyte enters the group-hole cathode tube for electrolytic machining, the electrolyte is subjected to oscillation stirring and flow equalization and laminar flow stabilization in sequence, so that the stability of the electrolyte flow field is improved, the problem that the cathode is easy to short circuit in the group-hole machining is solved, the machining quality of the electrolytic machining of the array group-hole is improved, and the electrolytic machining device has the advantages of simple structure, stable flow field, strong practicability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cathode for electrolytic machining and a manufacturing method thereof, in particular to an electrolytic machining electrolyte flow equalizing array group hole cathode and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The electrolytic machining is to shape the part by utilizing the principle that metal can generate anodic dissolution in electrolyte. The method has the following advantages: (1) almost all conductive materials can be processed, the hardness, strength and toughness of the processed materials can be ignored, and the metallographic structure of the processed materials is basically not changed; (2) no macroscopic force exists, so that no machining deformation and stress are generated, and the method is particularly suitable for machining thin-wall parts; (3) no consumption of the tool cathode; (4) the tool is simple and convenient to operate. Therefore, the processing method is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, war industry, medical use and the like.
Array group hole structures are commonly found in aeroengines, automobiles and electromechanical system parts, and at present, the manufacturing method of the array group hole structures generally comprises two methods of electric spark machining or electrolytic machining. The electric spark machining generally adopts a group electrode machining mode, but the group electrode is difficult to manufacture, electrode loss exists in the electric spark machining, and the machining cost is high. The electrolytic machining has the advantages of high production efficiency, relatively low manufacturing cost and the like, but the machining precision control of the electrolytic machining is one of the technical difficulties in the field. The precision and quality requirements of the group hole structure on many precision parts are higher and higher, which undoubtedly brings great challenges to the manufacturing technology. The common method for electrolytically machining the array holes by the group electrodes is to spray electrolyte to the surface of the metal workpiece from the side surfaces of the group electrodes and the metal workpiece, and the group electrodes directly feed the metal workpiece below to form the array holes on the surface of the metal workpiece. For example, the Chinese patent number ZL201510496384.5, the publication date is 12 and 11 in 2018, and the name of the invention is as follows: the application relates to a method for electrolytically machining array holes by a group electrode, which comprises the following steps: forming prefabricated group holes serving as liquid supply channels at the positions, corresponding to the array of the group electrodes, on the surface of the metal workpiece; aligning and fixing the array of the group electrodes with the prefabricated group holes on the surface of the metal workpiece; high-voltage electrolyte is supplied upwards from the bottom of the metal workpiece, the group electrode is used for feeding the metal workpiece downwards, and array holes with the same array cross section as that of the group electrode are formed at the position of the prefabricated group holes on the surface of the metal tool. By adopting the patent application, the problems that the processed products are difficult to discharge and the electrolyte is difficult to update in the electrolytic processing process of the group electrodes are solved to a certain extent, but the electrolytic processing precision is difficult to ensure. In the electrolytic machining process, the electrolytic machining precision is not only related to the stability of a machining gap and the conductivity of electrolyte, but also has a great relation to the flowing uniformity of the electrolyte, the flow field and electric field of the electrolyte are complex during electrolytic machining, and if the flow equalizing effect of the electrolyte is poor, the problem of short circuit of a group hole machining cathode is easily caused, so the flow equalizing stability of the electrolyte in the electrolytic machining has very important significance for the electrolytic machining precision.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of easy short circuit of cathodes, low group hole processing precision and the like in the existing group hole electrolytic processing, provides an electrolytic processing electrolyte flow equalizing array group hole cathode and a manufacturing method thereof, adopts the technical scheme of the invention, a stirring cavity is designed in the cathode of the array group holes, a spring leaf is arranged in the stirring cavity, the electrolyte entering the stirring cavity impacts the spring leaf to realize the oscillating stirring effect, so that the electrolyte is uniformly stirred in the stirring cavity, meanwhile, the intensive filter layer is utilized to enable the stirred electrolyte to form a stable ground layer flow, and then the electrolyte enters the group hole cathode tube through the buffer cavity to achieve the flow equalizing effect of the electrolyte, so that the stability of the electrolyte flow field is improved, the problem that the cathode is easy to short circuit in group hole machining is effectively solved, the machining quality of array group hole electrolytic machining is improved, and the device has the advantages of simple structure, stable flow field, strong practicability and the like.
2. Technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to an electrolytic machining electrolyte flow equalization array group-hole cathode, which comprises an end cover, a flow equalization cylinder, a base, a spring piece, a cathode support and a group-hole cathode tube, wherein the end cover is arranged at the top of the flow equalization cylinder, a liquid inlet hole is formed in the end cover, the base is arranged at the bottom of the flow equalization cylinder, a dense filter layer with a certain height is arranged on the base, the spring piece is suspended in a stirring cavity of the flow equalization cylinder and is positioned right below the liquid inlet hole, the cathode support is arranged at the bottom of the base, a buffer cavity is defined by the bottom of the base, the group-hole cathode tube is arranged on the cathode support, and the group-hole cathode tube is communicated with the buffer cavity;
during operation, electrolyte enters the stirring cavity through the liquid inlet hole, the spring piece is impacted in the stirring cavity to enable the spring piece to vibrate and stir the electrolyte, the stirred electrolyte is evenly divided into a plurality of branches through the dense filter layer, stable flowing laminar flow is formed in the dense filter layer, and the laminar flow is conveyed to the group hole cathode tubes through the buffer cavity to be processed in electrolytic group holes.
Furthermore, the dense filter layer is formed by combining a plurality of tiny through holes which are arranged in parallel arrays.
Furthermore, the flow equalizing cylinder is of a conical structure with a large upper part and a small lower part.
Furthermore, the liquid inlet hole is formed in the center of the end cover, and the spring piece is welded in the center of the inner side of the end cover through the upper vertical rod.
Furthermore, the end cover is fixed on the top of the flow equalizing cylinder through an end cover screw, and the cathode support is fixed on the bottom of the base through a support screw.
Furthermore, the group hole cathode tubes are welded and fixed on the cathode support.
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a group hole cathode of an electrolytic machining electrolyte flow equalizing array, which comprises the following steps:
a. manufacturing a flow equalizing cylinder with a base, wherein the upper part of the flow equalizing cylinder is provided with a stirring cavity, the base at the lower part of the flow equalizing cylinder is provided with a dense filter layer, and a concave cavity is processed at the bottom of the base;
b. the center of the end cover is provided with a hole, a liquid inlet hole is arranged at the hole, and a spring piece is welded and fixed on the inner side of the end cover and is positioned below the liquid inlet hole;
c. the end cover is covered on the top of the flow equalizing cylinder, the end cover is hermetically arranged on the top of the flow equalizing cylinder through end cover screws on the periphery, and the spring piece is positioned in the stirring cavity;
d. and welding and fixing the group-hole cathode tubes on the cathode support, and hermetically fixing the cathode support at the bottom of the base through the peripheral support screws so that the cathode support and the concave cavity at the bottom of the base form a closed buffer cavity.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following remarkable effects:
(1) according to the electrolytic machining electrolyte flow-equalizing array group-hole cathode and the manufacturing method thereof, the stirring cavity is designed in the array group-hole cathode, the spring piece is arranged in the stirring cavity, the electrolyte entering the stirring cavity impacts the spring piece to realize the oscillating stirring effect, so that the electrolyte is uniformly stirred in the stirring cavity, and meanwhile, the stirred electrolyte forms a stable ground layer flow by utilizing the dense filter layer and then enters the group-hole cathode tube through the buffer cavity to achieve the flow equalizing effect of the electrolyte, so that the stability of an electrolyte flow field is improved, the problem that the cathode is easy to short circuit in the group-hole machining process is effectively solved, the machining quality of the electrolytic machining of the array group-hole is improved, and the electrolytic machining method has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in manufacturing, stable flow field, strong;
(2) according to the electrolytic machining electrolyte flow equalizing array group-hole cathode, the dense filtering layer is formed by combining a plurality of micro through holes which are arranged in parallel in an array mode, the micro through holes are densely distributed, so that electrolyte can form flow equalization through the micro through holes, the micro through holes have a certain height and give proper ductility to electrolyte laminar flow, stable laminar flow can be formed when the electrolyte flows through the dense filtering layer, and the stability of an electrolyte flow field is improved;
(3) according to the electrolytic machining electrolyte flow equalizing array group-hole cathode, the flow equalizing cylinder is of a conical structure with a large upper part and a small lower part, so that convergence of a flow field during oscillation of electrolyte is facilitated, and stable flow of the electrolyte is guaranteed;
(4) according to the electrolytic machining electrolyte flow equalizing array group-hole cathode, the liquid inlet hole is formed in the center of the end cover, the spring piece is welded at the center of the inner side of the end cover through the upper vertical rod, so that the electrolyte impacts the spring piece to provide power for oscillation of the spring piece, the electrolyte is stirred uniformly, and a stable flow field is formed conveniently;
(5) according to the electrolytic machining electrolyte flow equalizing array group-hole cathode, the end cover is fixed to the top of the flow equalizing cylinder through the end cover screw, the cathode support is fixed to the bottom of the base through the support screw, the structure is simple, the assembly is convenient, the group-hole cathode tubes can be replaced conveniently, and the machining requirements of different groups of holes are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrolytic machining electrolyte flow equalizing array group hole cathode of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the schematic drawings illustrate:
1. an end cap; 1-1, liquid inlet holes; 1-2, end cover screws; 2. a flow equalizing cylinder; 2-1, a stirring cavity; 3. a base; 3-1, dense filtering layer; 3-2, a buffer cavity; 4. a spring plate; 5. a cathode support; 5-1, a support screw; 6. group hole cathode tube.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, the electrolytic machining electrolyte flow equalizing array group-hole cathode of the embodiment includes an end cover 1, a flow equalizing cylinder 2, a base 3, a spring plate 4, a cathode support 5 and a group-hole cathode tube 6, the end cover 1 is installed on the top of the flow equalizing cylinder 2, a liquid inlet hole 1-1 is formed in the end cover 1 for flowing electrolyte, the base 3 is arranged at the bottom of the flow equalizing cylinder 2, a dense filter layer 3-1 with a certain height is arranged on the base 3, the spring plate 4 is suspended in a stirring chamber 2-1 of the flow equalizing cylinder 2, the spring plate 4 is located right below the liquid inlet hole 1-1, the electrolyte entering from the liquid inlet hole 1-1 impacts the spring plate 4, the spring plate 4 oscillates under the action of a spring, so that the electrolyte in the stirring chamber 2-1 is oscillated and stirred by the spring plate 4, the cathode support 5 is installed at the bottom of, and a buffer cavity 3-2 is enclosed at the bottom of the base 3, the group-hole cathode tube 6 is arranged on the cathode support 5, and the group-hole cathode tube 6 is communicated with the buffer cavity 3-2. By adopting the cathode structure, when the electrolytic cell works, electrolyte enters the stirring cavity 2-1 from the liquid inlet hole 1-1, the spring piece 4 is impacted in the stirring cavity 2-1 to enable the spring piece 4 to vibrate and stir the electrolyte, the stirred electrolyte is uniformly divided into a plurality of branches through the dense filter layer 3-1, stable flowing laminar flow is formed in the dense filter layer 3-1, and the branches are conveyed to the group-hole cathode tube 6 through the buffer cavity 3-2 to carry out electrolytic group-hole processing. Before entering the group-hole cathode tube 6 for electrolytic machining, the electrolyte is subjected to oscillation stirring and flow equalization, laminar flow and flow stabilization in sequence, so that the stability of an electrolyte flow field is improved, the problem that the cathode is easy to short circuit in group-hole machining is effectively solved, and the machining quality of the electrolytic machining of the array group holes is improved.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the dense filter layer 3-1 is formed by combining a plurality of tiny through holes arranged in parallel arrays, for the convenience of manufacturing, the dense filter layer 3-1 may be made of plastic material, hundreds of tiny through holes are formed on the dense filter layer, and then the dense filter layer 3-1 is integrally assembled in the central mounting hole of the base 3. The electrolyte is divided into hundreds of branches after passing through the dense filter layer 3-1 to form stable flow equalization, and meanwhile, due to the fact that the dense filter layer 3-1 has a certain height, proper ductility is reserved for electrolyte laminar flow, stable laminar flow can be formed when the electrolyte flows through the dense filter layer 3-1, and stability of an electrolyte flow field is improved. The buffer cavity 3-2 is formed by enclosing a concave cavity arranged at the bottom of the base 3 and the cathode support 5, and the smooth stability of the electrolyte entering the group-hole cathode tube 6 is further improved through the buffer effect of the buffer cavity 3-2. The structure of the spring piece 4 is similar to that of a spiral spring, and the difference is that the rotating section of the spring piece 4 is in a sheet shape, so that the electrolyte can impact on the spring piece 4 and can vibrate back and forth under the impact action, and the electrolyte in the stirring cavity 2-1 is uniformly stirred by the spring piece 4. In this embodiment, the flow equalizing cylinder 2 preferably has a tapered structure with a large top and a small bottom, which is beneficial to convergence of a flow field when the electrolyte oscillates, and ensures stable flow of the electrolyte and injection pressure of the electrolyte during electrolytic group hole processing.
Referring to fig. 1, in the cathode with the group holes in the electrolyte flow equalizing array for electrochemical machining of the embodiment, a liquid inlet hole 1-1 is formed in the center of an end cover 1, and a spring piece 4 is welded at the center of the inner side of the end cover 1 through an upper vertical rod, so that the spring piece 4 is impacted by electrolyte to provide power for oscillation of the spring piece 4, the electrolyte is stirred more uniformly, and a stable flow field is formed. In order to facilitate the manufacture, the end cover 1 is fixed at the top of the flow equalizing cylinder 2 through an end cover screw 1-2, and the cathode support 5 is fixed at the bottom of the base 3 through a support screw 5-1, so that the structure is simple, the assembly is convenient, the replacement of the group hole cathode tubes can be facilitated, and the processing requirements of different group holes can be met. The group-hole cathode tubes 6 are welded and fixed on the cathode support 5, so that the group-hole cathode tubes and the cathode support 5 can be conveniently and integrally replaced.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for manufacturing a cathode with a uniform flow array of electrolyte in an electrochemical machining process includes the following steps:
a. manufacturing a flow equalizing cylinder 2 with a base 3, wherein the upper part of the flow equalizing cylinder 2 is provided with a stirring cavity 2-1, the stirring cavity 2-1 is of a conical structure with a large upper part and a small lower part, the best conical shape can effectively converge the flow field of the stirred electrolyte, the base 3 at the lower part of the flow equalizing cylinder 2 is provided with a dense filter layer 3-1, and a concave cavity is processed at the bottom of the base 3; the base 3 and the flow equalizing cylinder 2 can be integrally formed or welded together by a welding process, and the dense filter layer 3-1 is preferably arranged in a central mounting hole of the base 3 by an assembly process;
b. the center of the end cover 1 is provided with a hole, a liquid inlet hole 1-1 is arranged at the hole, the liquid inlet hole 1-1 can be formed by welding a round pipe at one end at the hole of the end cover 1, and a spring leaf 4 is welded and fixed on the inner side of the end cover 1, so that the spring leaf 4 is positioned below the liquid inlet hole 1-1, and the electrolyte entering the liquid inlet hole 1-1 can be ensured to impact on the spring leaf 4;
c. the end cover 1 is covered on the top of the flow equalizing cylinder 2, the end cover 1 is hermetically arranged on the top of the flow equalizing cylinder 2 through end cover screws 1-2 at the periphery, and the spring piece 4 is positioned in the stirring cavity 2-1;
d. the group-hole cathode tubes 6 are welded and fixed on the cathode support 5, and the cathode support 5 is hermetically fixed at the bottom of the base 3 through support screws 5-1 on the periphery, so that the cathode support 5 and a cavity at the bottom of the base 3 form a closed buffer cavity 3-2.
By adopting the manufacturing method, the array group hole cathode is simple and convenient to manufacture. The manufactured array group hole cathode can generate a stable electrolyte flow field when in use, solves the problem that the cathode is easy to short circuit in group hole processing, and improves the processing quality of the array group hole electrolytic processing.
According to the electrolytic machining electrolyte flow-equalizing array group-hole cathode and the manufacturing method thereof, the stirring cavity is designed in the array group-hole cathode, the spring piece is arranged in the stirring cavity, the electrolyte entering the stirring cavity impacts the spring piece to realize the oscillating stirring effect, so that the electrolyte is uniformly stirred in the stirring cavity, the stirred electrolyte forms stable ground layer flow by the aid of the dense filter layer, then enters the group-hole cathode tube through the buffer cavity to achieve the flow equalizing effect of the electrolyte, the stability of an electrolyte flow field is improved, the problem that the cathode is easy to short circuit in group-hole machining is effectively solved, the machining quality of the array group-hole electrolytic machining is improved, and the electrolytic machining method has the advantages of being simple in structure, convenient to manufacture, stable in flow field, strong in practicability and the
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without limitation, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching, without departing from the spirit of the invention, the person skilled in the art shall not inventively design the similar structural modes and embodiments to the technical solution, but shall fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. An electrolytic machining electrolyte flow equalizing array group hole cathode is characterized in that: comprises an end cover (1), a flow equalizing cylinder (2), a base (3), a spring leaf (4), a cathode support (5) and a group hole cathode tube (6), wherein the end cover (1) is arranged at the top of the flow equalizing cylinder (2), the end cover (1) is provided with a liquid inlet hole (1-1), the base (3) is arranged at the bottom of the flow equalizing cylinder (2), the base (3) is provided with a dense filter layer (3-1) with a certain height, the spring leaf (4) is suspended in a stirring cavity (2-1) of the flow equalizing cylinder (2), the spring leaf (4) is positioned under the liquid inlet hole (1-1), the cathode support (5) is arranged at the bottom of the base (3) and forms a buffer cavity (3-2) by enclosing at the bottom of the base (3), the group hole cathode tube (6) is arranged on the cathode support (5), and the group hole cathode tube (6) is communicated with the buffer cavity (3-2);
when the electrolytic cell works, electrolyte enters the stirring cavity (2-1) from the liquid inlet hole (1-1), the spring piece (4) is impacted in the stirring cavity (2-1) to enable the spring piece (4) to vibrate and stir the electrolyte, the stirred electrolyte is uniformly divided into a plurality of branches through the dense filter layer (3-1), a stable flowing laminar flow is formed in the dense filter layer (3-1), and the stable flowing laminar flow is conveyed to the grouped-hole cathode tube (6) through the buffer cavity (3-2) to be subjected to electrolytic grouped-hole processing.
2. The electrochemical machining electrolyte flow equalizing array group hole cathode of claim 1, wherein: the dense filter layer (3-1) is formed by combining a plurality of tiny through holes which are arranged in parallel arrays.
3. The electrochemical machining electrolyte flow equalizing array group hole cathode of claim 2, wherein: the flow equalizing cylinder (2) is of a conical structure with a large upper part and a small lower part.
4. The electrochemical machining electrolyte flow equalizing array group hole cathode of claim 3, wherein: the liquid inlet hole (1-1) is formed in the center of the end cover (1), and the spring piece (4) is welded in the center of the inner side of the end cover (1) through an upper vertical rod.
5. An electrochemical machining electrolyte flow equalizing array group hole cathode as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein: the end cover (1) is fixed at the top of the flow equalizing cylinder (2) through end cover screws (1-2), and the cathode support (5) is fixed at the bottom of the base (3) through support screws (5-1).
6. The electrochemical machining electrolyte flow equalizing array group hole cathode of claim 5, wherein: the group-hole cathode tubes (6) are welded and fixed on the cathode support (5).
7. A method for manufacturing a group hole cathode of an electrolytic machining electrolyte flow equalizing array is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. manufacturing a flow equalizing cylinder (2) with a base (3), wherein the upper part of the flow equalizing cylinder (2) is provided with a stirring cavity (2-1), the base (3) at the lower part of the flow equalizing cylinder (2) is provided with a dense filter layer (3-1), and a concave cavity is processed at the bottom of the base (3); the dense filter layer (3-1) is formed by combining a plurality of micro through holes which are arranged in parallel in an array manner, and the dense filter layer (3-1) has a certain height so as to form stable laminar flow when electrolyte flows through the dense filter layer (3-1);
b. the center of the end cover (1) is provided with a hole, a liquid inlet hole (1-1) is arranged at the hole, and a spring leaf (4) is welded and fixed on the inner side of the end cover (1), so that the spring leaf (4) is positioned below the liquid inlet hole (1-1);
c. the end cover (1) is covered on the top of the flow equalizing cylinder (2), the end cover (1) is hermetically arranged on the top of the flow equalizing cylinder (2) through end cover screws (1-2) at the periphery, and the spring piece (4) is positioned in the stirring cavity (2-1);
d. and a group of hole cathode tubes (6) are welded and fixed on the cathode support (5), and the cathode support (5) is hermetically fixed at the bottom of the base (3) through support screws (5-1) on the periphery, so that the cathode support (5) and a cavity at the bottom of the base (3) form a closed buffer cavity (3-2).
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