CN110061331A - 一种铝空气电池用电解液和铝空气电池 - Google Patents
一种铝空气电池用电解液和铝空气电池 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110061331A CN110061331A CN201910425124.7A CN201910425124A CN110061331A CN 110061331 A CN110061331 A CN 110061331A CN 201910425124 A CN201910425124 A CN 201910425124A CN 110061331 A CN110061331 A CN 110061331A
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- aluminium
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- potassium chloride
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种铝空气电池用电解液和铝空气电池，该电解液包括以下按重量百分比计的组分：氟化钾5～20wt％，氯化钾10～15wt％，余量为水。采用氟化钾与氯化钾电解质复配，提高了电池工作电位，且对铝板腐蚀性小，能兼顾碱性电解液和中性电解液的优势。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及铝空气电池技术领域，具体涉及一种铝空气电池用电解液和应用该电解液的铝空气电池。
背景技术
铝空气电池以铝和空气中的氧作为电极活性物质，具有电化学当量高、资源丰富、价格低廉等诸多优点。在放电过程中，铝阳极被氧化，电子通过外电路流向阴极，氧气在空气电极捕获电子发生还原反应生成OH-，从而释放出电能。
根据电解质体系的不同，铝空气电池一般又分为碱性和中性两种，其中，碱性电解液通常为NaOH或KOH溶液，但铝在强碱性溶液中的自腐蚀速率很大，降低了阳极利用率；中性电解液一般为NaCl或KCl溶液，虽然析氢腐蚀降低，但电导率低，导致电池电压低。此外，无论是碱性还是中性体系，终产物均是Al(OH)3，过多的Al(OH)3会使电解液的电导率下降，黏度提高，增加铝阳极的极化，使电位正移。
发明内容
为解决现有技术的上述不足，一方面，提供一种铝空气电池用电解液，通过在氯化钾溶液中添加氟化钾，提高电位，同时因不含碱性电解质，对铝板腐蚀性小。该方案具体实施方式如下：
一种铝空气电池用电解液，包括以下按重量百分比计的组分：
氟化钾5～20wt％，氯化钾10～15wt％，余量为水。
优选的，氟化钾用量为10～20wt％。
优选的，氯化钾用量为12wt％。
另一方面，还提供一种应用上述电解液的铝空气电池。
本发明的有益效果：
采用氟化钾与氯化钾电解质复配，与单独添加氯化钾的电解液相比，提高了电池工作电位，与碱性电解液相比，对铝板腐蚀性小，能兼顾碱性电解液和中性电解液的优势。
附图说明
图1为实施例和对比例在50mA/cm2的恒流放电曲线图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
以下实施例和对比例中，氟化钾和氯化钾均为分析纯。实施例1-4和对比例的配方如表1所示。
表1(单位：重量份)
| 组分 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 对比例 |
| 氟化钾 | 20 | 10 | 5 | 5 | |
| 氯化钾 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 15 | 12 |
| 水 | 68 | 78 | 83 | 80 | 88 |
按表1的配比分别制备实施例1-4和对比例的电解液，以铝板为空气电池负极，面积10cm2，MnO2/C为空气正极催化剂，载量10mg/cm2，加入PTFE和炭黑混合制成空气正极，集流体为拉伸铜网，面密度为10mg/cm2，按常规方法组装成单电池，使空气正极与铝板间隔为4mm。
实施例1-4和对比例的电解液所对应的电池开路电压如表2所示，在50mA/cm2的恒流放电曲线如图1所示。
表2
| 开路电压/V | |
| 实施例1 | 1.746 |
| 实施例2 | 1.711 |
| 实施例3 | 1.665 |
| 实施例4 | 1.628 |
| 对比例 | 1.452 |
结果表明，在氯化钾溶液中加入氟化钾后，能实现平稳放电，放电平台电压高于单独使用氯化钾的方案，且氟化钾含量越高，效果越显著，这可能是因为Al3+更容易与F-成键，生成稳定的化合物K3AlF6，减少了Al(OH)3的生成，从而降低其对铝负极电化学性能的不利影响。由实施例3与实施例4的比较可知，在氟化钾含量一定时，氯化钾添加量为12wt％时，效果更佳。另一方面，由于电解液中不含碱性电解质，对铝板腐蚀性小，综合了碱性电解液和中性电解液的优点。
以上实施例是对本发明的解释，但是，本发明并不局限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，本领域的技术人员在本发明的技术构思范围内进行的多种等同替代或简单变型方式，均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种铝空气电池用电解液，其特征在于，包括以下按重量百分比计的组分：
氟化钾5～20wt％，氯化钾10～15wt％，余量为水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铝空气电池用电解液，其特征在于，氟化钾用量为10～20wt％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的铝空气电池用电解液，其特征在于，氯化钾用量为12wt％。
4.一种铝空气电池，其特征在于，应用权利要求1-3任意一项所述的铝空气电池用电解液。
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| CN201910425124.7A CN110061331A (zh) | 2019-05-21 | 2019-05-21 | 一种铝空气电池用电解液和铝空气电池 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114709527A (zh) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-07-05 | 天津大学 | 一种高安全性铝空气电池用电解液及其制备方法 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1984001966A1 (en) * | 1982-11-11 | 1984-05-24 | Masahide Ichikawa | Battery using porous aluminum metal |
| CN103098263A (zh) * | 2010-09-09 | 2013-05-08 | 加州理工学院 | 电化学能量存储系统和方法 |
| US20150010792A1 (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2015-01-08 | Eos Energy Storage, Llc | Molten metal rechargeable electrochemical cell |
| CN104584319A (zh) * | 2012-08-28 | 2015-04-29 | 夏普株式会社 | 金属空气电池 |
| US20170352936A1 (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2017-12-07 | Lanzhou Jinfule Biotechnology Co. Ltd. | Air metal fuel cell |
-
2019
- 2019-05-21 CN CN201910425124.7A patent/CN110061331A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1984001966A1 (en) * | 1982-11-11 | 1984-05-24 | Masahide Ichikawa | Battery using porous aluminum metal |
| CN103098263A (zh) * | 2010-09-09 | 2013-05-08 | 加州理工学院 | 电化学能量存储系统和方法 |
| CN104584319A (zh) * | 2012-08-28 | 2015-04-29 | 夏普株式会社 | 金属空气电池 |
| US20150010792A1 (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2015-01-08 | Eos Energy Storage, Llc | Molten metal rechargeable electrochemical cell |
| US20170352936A1 (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2017-12-07 | Lanzhou Jinfule Biotechnology Co. Ltd. | Air metal fuel cell |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 唐有根，刘小锋，宋永江: "铝空气电池负极材料热处理的研究进展", 《功能材料信息》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114709527A (zh) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-07-05 | 天津大学 | 一种高安全性铝空气电池用电解液及其制备方法 |
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