CN110057771A - 一种紫花地丁和黄花地丁的鉴别方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种紫花地丁和黄花地丁的鉴别方法,取药材粉末,药材粉末与95%乙醇混合,得到密度为0.02g/ml的溶液,再进行超声处理20~30min,滤过得到溶液A;采用95%乙醇将溶液A稀释78~82倍,摇匀,作为待测品;将待测品进行紫外光谱测定,采集光谱,采集光谱时设定扫描波长为200~800nm,光谱带宽为1.9~2.10nm,采样间隔为1nm,然后进行快速扫描;在325~335nm附近具有吸收峰的为紫花地丁,在390~340nm附近具有吸收峰的为黄花地丁。本发明能快速的将紫花地丁和黄花地丁进行区分,并且区分的准确度高,便于长期使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及鉴别领域,具体涉及一种紫花地丁和黄花地丁的鉴别方法。
背景技术
黄花地丁为菊科植物蒲公英、碱地蒲公英或同属数种植物的地上部位,紫花地丁为堇菜科、堇菜属、植物的地上部位。两者均含有黄酮类、倍半萜类、香豆素类等多种化学成分,均具有抗炎、抑菌、抗病毒和抗肿瘤、抗病毒等作用,然而紫花地丁更长于治疗黄疸,痢疾,乳腺炎,目赤肿痛,咽炎,外敷治跌打损伤,痈肿,毒蛇咬伤等。《中国药典》(2015版)收载的黄花地丁、紫花地丁的质量标准定性鉴别均不完善,只有简单的以对照品和药材为对照的薄层鉴别。黄花地丁的对照品为咖啡酸,而紫花地丁、灯盏细辛、牵牛子、杠板归等药材中均含有咖啡酸,紫花地丁作为药用历史悠久的常用中药材,长期以来存在严重的同名异物的问题,市场上紫花地丁与黄花地丁存在药用品种混乱。这导致黄花地丁、紫花地丁质量可控性低、专属性不强,不能对其质量进行有效地控制。
两者价格相差较大,在市场上紫花地丁为150元/公斤左右,黄花地丁为25元/公斤左右。有不良商贩经常将黄花地丁当成紫花地丁混淆使用,两者从外形上鉴别比较困难,而在相关标准中的鉴别方法也不能将两者完全鉴别清楚,因此一种快速鉴别紫花地丁和黄花地丁的鉴别方法是迫切需要的。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是现有的紫花地丁和黄花地丁不能有效的进行区分,进而会影响使用的效率,目的在于提供一种紫花地丁和黄花地丁的鉴别方法,解决紫花地丁和黄花地丁快速区分的问题。
本发明通过下述技术方案实现:
一种紫花地丁和黄花地丁的鉴别方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取药材粉末,药材粉末与95%乙醇混合,得到密度为0.02g/ml的溶液,再进行超声处理20~30min,滤过得到溶液A;
(2)采用95%乙醇将溶液A稀释78~82倍,摇匀,作为待测品;
(3)将待测品进行紫外光谱测定,采集光谱,采集光谱时设定扫描波长为200~800nm,光谱带宽为1.9~2.10nm,采样间隔为1nm,然后进行快速扫描;
(4)在325~335nm附近具有吸收峰的为紫花地丁,在390~340nm附近具有吸收峰的为黄花地丁。
进一步的,本发明采用上述方法,能快速的将紫花地丁和黄花地丁进行区分,并且结果准确度高,本发明采用紫外分光光度法对紫花地丁和黄花地丁进行鉴别,没有繁杂的步骤,能快速的对紫花地丁和黄花地丁进行区分,更便于使用。
同时,现有的紫花地丁和黄花地丁区分没有一个规范的体系和标准,现有的区分方法不能有效的对紫花地丁和黄花地丁进行区分,因而不良商贩很容易将黄花地丁当成紫花地丁混淆使用,而本发明通过对紫花地丁和黄花地丁进行光谱分析,找到两者在光谱上的区别。
并且,紫花地丁和黄花地丁紫外光谱具有显著的差异性和良好的重复性及较强的稳定性,表明两者紫外光谱具有指纹特性。利用紫花地丁和黄花地丁指纹特性可以有效鉴别两者。紫花地丁和黄花地丁中的化合物成分和含量不同,基于其化合物的含量不同,可得到紫花地丁和黄花地丁的共轭程度也会不同,因此基于上述区别,通过研究得到紫花地丁在325~335nm附近具有吸收峰,而黄花地丁在390~340nm附近具有吸收峰,故,通过在不同的波长处,得到紫花地丁和黄花地丁最直观的区别,进而能有效的对紫花地丁和黄花地丁进行区分。
具体的,一种紫花地丁和黄花地丁的鉴别方法,步骤(1)中超声处理30min。
一种紫花地丁和黄花地丁的鉴别方法,步骤(2)中采用95%乙醇将溶液A稀释80倍。
步骤(3)中待测品以95%乙醇调整基线并作为参比液进行紫外光谱测定。步骤(3)中光谱带宽为2nm。步骤(4)中在330nm附近具有吸收峰的为紫花地丁。步骤(4)中在395nm附近具有吸收峰的为黄花地丁。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下的优点和有益效果:
1、本发明一种紫花地丁和黄花地丁的鉴别方法,本发明能快速的将紫花地丁和黄花地丁进行区分,并且区分的准确度高,便于长期使用;
2、本发明一种紫花地丁和黄花地丁的鉴别方法,本发明没有繁杂的步骤,操作简便,使用效率较高;
3、本发明一种紫花地丁和黄花地丁的鉴别方法,本发明的鉴别方法能广泛的用于紫花地丁和黄花地丁的鉴别,采用紫外分光光度法进行鉴别,新建与现行标准相比的定性标准,从而在一定限度内解决其使用的安全性,有效性及可控性。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明实施例的进一步理解,构成本申请的一部分,并不构成对本发明实施例的限定。在附图中:
图1为本发明紫花地丁紫外可见图谱;
图2为本发明黄花地丁紫外可见图谱。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,下面结合实施例和附图,对本发明作进一步的详细说明,本发明的示意性实施方式及其说明仅用于解释本发明,并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1
如图1所示,本发明一种紫花地丁和黄花地丁的鉴别方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取紫花地丁粉末1g,加95%乙醇50ml,超声30min,滤过得到溶液A;
(2)取0.25ml溶液A于10ml容量瓶中,加95%乙醇定容至刻度,摇匀,吸取2.5mL于5mL容量瓶中,加95%乙醇定容至刻度,摇匀(即将紫花地丁95%乙醇超声滤液稀释80倍),作为待测品;
(3)以95%乙醇调整基线并作为参比液进行紫外光谱测定,使用UVWin紫外软件V6.0.0采集光谱,设定扫描波长为200~800nm,光谱带宽为2.00nm,采样间隔为1nm,快速扫描;
(4)对待测品进行测定,其中,待测品溶液的紫外—可见图谱的吸光度大小适宜,峰谷明显,结果如图1。
实施例2
(1)取黄花地丁粉末1g,加95%乙醇50ml,超声30min,滤过得到溶液A;
(2)取0.25ml溶液A于10ml容量瓶中,加95%乙醇定容至刻度,摇匀,吸取2.5mL于5mL容量瓶中,加95%乙醇定容至刻度,摇匀(即将紫花地丁95%乙醇超声滤液稀释80倍),作为待测品;
(3)以95%乙醇调整基线并作为参比液进行紫外光谱测定,使用UVWin紫外软件V6.0.0采集光谱,设定扫描波长为200~800nm,光谱带宽为2.00nm,采样间隔为1nm,快速扫描;
(4)对待测品进行测定,其中,待测品溶液的紫外—可见图谱的吸光度大小适宜,峰谷明显,结果如图2。
实施例1和实施例2中,使用的仪器分别为Tu1810型紫外—可见分光光度仪(北京普析通用仪器有限责任公司);Spectrum Two型红外光谱仪(Pekin Elmer公司);BS6KH型电子天平(上海有声衡器有限公司);FW5型压片机(天津博天胜达科技发展有限公司);LD5102R型电子天平(沈阳龙腾电子有限公司)。
根据图1和图2所示,紫花地丁在330nm附近具有吸收峰,黄花地丁在395nm附近具有吸收峰。紫花地丁和黄花地丁紫外光谱具有显著的差异性和良好的重复性及较强的稳定性,表明两者紫外光谱具有指纹特性。利用紫花地丁和黄花地丁指纹特性可以有效鉴别两者。紫花地丁中化合物主要类型有黄酮-C-苷、有机酸、肤类、香豆素和多糖等,而黄花地丁中含有黄酮类、倍半萜类、香豆素类及酚酸类等多种化学成分,因此可认为紫花地丁中共轭程度高的化合物多于黄花地丁而发生红移,导致紫花地丁、黄花地丁分别在330nm、395nm附近产生弧形峰。
实施例3
将50份紫花地丁和50份黄花地丁,通过本发明的鉴别方法和现有的鉴别方法进行鉴别,本发明的鉴别方法的准确性为100%,现有的鉴别方法的准确性为56%。
以上所述的具体实施方式,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已,并不用于限定本发明的保护范围,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种紫花地丁和黄花地丁的鉴别方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)取药材粉末,药材粉末与95%乙醇混合,得到密度为0.02g/ml的溶液,再进行超声处理20~30min,滤过得到溶液A;
(2)采用95%乙醇将溶液A稀释78~82倍,摇匀,作为待测品;
(3)将待测品进行紫外光谱测定,采集光谱,采集光谱时设定扫描波长为200~800nm,光谱带宽为1.9~2.10nm,采样间隔为1nm,然后进行快速扫描;
(4)在325~335nm附近具有吸收峰的为紫花地丁,在390~340nm附近具有吸收峰的为黄花地丁。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种紫花地丁和黄花地丁的鉴别方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中超声处理30min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种紫花地丁和黄花地丁的鉴别方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中采用95%乙醇将溶液A稀释80倍。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种紫花地丁和黄花地丁的鉴别方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中待测品以95%乙醇调整基线并作为参比液进行紫外光谱测定。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种紫花地丁和黄花地丁的鉴别方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中光谱带宽为2nm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种紫花地丁和黄花地丁的鉴别方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中在330nm附近具有吸收峰的为紫花地丁。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种紫花地丁和黄花地丁的鉴别方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中在395nm附近具有吸收峰的为黄花地丁。
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