CN110051881A - 一种3d打印纳米银抗菌骨修复材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种3d打印纳米银抗菌骨修复材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 21
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种3D打印纳米银抗菌骨修复材料及其制备方法。一种3D打印纳米银抗菌骨修复材料,包括按照质量百分比的如下组分:60%~70%的可生物降解聚合物、25%的可生物降解无机物以及5%~15%的纳米银。本发明将聚合物/无机物/纳米银复合于同一骨修复材料中,该骨修复材料具有良好抗菌活性、生物相容性,适宜的初始力学强度、具有良好的骨传导性及骨诱导性,降解速度可调、降解产物中性等优点。同时结合低温快速成型技术,可以精确化、定量化、灵活有效的控制该复合三维多孔骨修复材料的宏观尺寸及微观形貌。实现个性化、快速、有效、低成本的生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及了骨修复材料技术领域,特别是涉及了一种3D打印纳米银抗菌骨修复材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
创伤、感染、骨肿瘤、骨坏死等原因造成的骨缺损特别是长段骨缺损的修复和功能重建一直是骨科领域的难题和研究热点。目前,传统自体松质骨移植是治疗局部骨缺损的金标准。自体骨移植提供了最佳的骨传导、骨诱导及骨生成作用。但自体骨移植来源非常有限,造成供骨区的创伤、术后并发症和治疗费用等问题,进而严重限制自体骨移植治疗长段骨缺损的应用。异体骨虽然不受数量限制,但异体骨容易引起排斥反应,通过加工处理可降低异体骨的排斥反应,但其自身成骨诱导和骨生成作用已遭到破坏,新骨替代缓慢,生物力学性状差等问题,因此治疗效果欠佳。
利用组织工程技术制备人工骨移植替代物修复骨缺损是目前再生医学领域的一个研究热点。传统的组织工程技术需要于体外在骨移植替代物上培养高浓度种子细胞,形成细胞与材料的复合体后,移植于体内达到修复骨缺损的目的。但传统的组织工程技术修复长段骨缺损面临着:体外细胞培养引入的病毒或细菌感染的风险、自体干细胞取材有限、以及干细胞体内定向分化成骨的问题。同时手术费用昂贵、周期长、不具有普适性等问题皆限制了传统组织工程骨移植替代物的临床推广、应用和产业化。因此研发一种生物学稳定,易于使用而且价格低廉的具有骨形成促进作用的骨修复材料用于长段骨缺损修复具有创新和应用价值。
另一方面,因细菌感染引起的慢性骨感染是骨缺损治疗中的难点。细菌可以通过血源播散和开放创面(如骨折或溃疡)以及内固定手术造成感染。其中骨修复和填充材料相关的感染随着临床应用的增多,发病率呈上升趋势,防止骨修复材料感染是目前临床上亟需解决的问题。慢性骨髓炎的治疗不仅要控制感染,还要修复手术清楚局部死骨所留下来的骨缺损,理想的抗菌骨修复材料不但能够在局部长期维持有效的抗菌作用,同时还能够促进骨再生、骨修复。
聚羟基乙酸-羟基丙酸共聚物(PLGA)是经美国食品药品管理局(FDA)批准的可用于人体的生物医用材料。因其具有良好的生物相容性,降解速度可控,可塑性高而广泛应用于骨修复材料的研究。但因PLGA材料细胞黏附性能差,力学强度低,同时酸性降解产物造。成局部细胞炎症等缺陷限制了其在作为骨修复材料在临床上使用。目前的研究趋势是通过材料表面改性及复合材料的方法改善其缺点。
相比于PLGA的上述缺点,β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)在具有良好的生物相容性的同时,无任何局部炎性反应及全身毒副作用,植入机体后可与骨直接融合。但β-TCP脆性大,柔韧性不够,在承受拉伸和弯曲载荷时很小的应力下就会失效,且降解性能不易调节也是不可忽视的缺点。同时β-TCP在制备过程中需要高温烧结,不利于生物活性因子的负载,降低材料的骨诱导潜力。
PLGA/TCP复合材料则可以避免上述两种材料单独使用时的缺陷。PLGA/TCP复合多孔支架具有良好的骨传导性、优良的生物相容性,又有一定的初始力学强度。可通过PLGA,TCP在多孔支架中的成分配比调控支架的力学强度、降解速率等。同时,TCP也可以在一定程度上中和PLGA的酸性降解产物,减少局部炎症反应。是目前最有临床应用前景的骨修复材料之一。
目前已有相关研究表明PLGA/β-TCP为载体的复合材料能够有效促进骨缺损修复,但其作为载体与纳米银结合形成抗菌系统善未见报道。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种3D打印纳米银抗菌骨修复材料及其制备方法。其将聚合物/无机物/纳米银复合于同一骨修复材料中,该骨修复材料具有良好抗菌活性、生物相容性,适宜的初始力学强度、具有良好的骨传导性及骨诱导性,降解速度可调、降解产物中性等优点。同时结合低温快速成型技术,可以精确化、定量化、灵活有效的控制该复合三维多孔骨修复材料的宏观尺寸及微观形貌。实现个性化、快速、有效、低成本的生产。
本发明所要解决的技术问题通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种3D打印纳米银抗菌骨修复材料,包括按照质量百分比的如下组分:60%~70%的可生物降解聚合物、25%的可生物降解无机物以及5%~15%的纳米银。
在本发明中,所述可生物降解聚合物包括聚乙醇酸-乳酸共聚物、聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚己内酯、聚原酸酯、聚酸酐、聚磷腈、聚氨基酸中的至少一种。
在本发明中,所述可生物降解无机物包括α-磷酸三钙、β-磷酸三钙、羟基磷灰石、磷酸钙、硅酸钙中的至少一种。
在本发明中,所述可生物降解无机物为粉末状。
一种3D打印纳米银抗菌骨修复材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将60~70%可生物降解聚合物、25%可生物降解无机物、5~15%银溶液,以上各组分总量100%,按比例在有机溶剂中混合均匀后,超声制备纳米银颗粒,使纳米银颗粒均匀分散在所述可生物降解聚合物微球表面;用低温快速成型仪成型至所需参数的材料,将成型后的材料冷冻干燥成型,即得抗菌骨修复材料。
一种3D打印纳米银抗菌骨修复材料的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1.按质量百分比,称取A:60%-70%的可生物降解聚合物、B:25%可生物降解无机物、C:5%-15%硝酸银,以上各组分总量100%;将ABC混合于烧瓶中,用二氧六环于室温下混合搅拌12h,形成匀相溶液;
步骤2.加入二氯化锡、葡萄糖、抗坏血酸、甲醛中的一种或几种混合作为还原剂,超声1~24h,还原上述银离子,得到纳米银混合溶液;
步骤3:将上述纳米银混合溶液倒入低温快速成型仪中,在-30℃下成型至所需参数的材料;
步骤4:将成型后的材料置于冷冻干燥机内,冷冻干燥24h后成型,即得抗菌骨修复材料。
在本发明中,所述可生物降解聚合物包括聚乙醇酸-乳酸共聚物、聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚己内酯、聚原酸酯、聚酸酐、聚磷腈、聚氨基酸中的至少一种。
在本发明中,所述可生物降解无机物包括α-磷酸三钙、β-磷酸三钙、羟基磷灰石、磷酸钙、硅酸钙中的至少一种。
在本发明中,所述可生物降解无机物为粉末状。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
将聚合物/无机物/纳米银复合于同一骨修复材料中,本发明骨修复材料具有良好抗菌活性、生物相容性,适宜的初始力学强度、具有良好的骨传导性及骨诱导性,具有适合细胞附着、增殖和分化的表面;本发明骨修复材料的降解速度与骨生长速度相匹配,无毒性和持续的抗菌性能,降解速度可调、降解产物中性等优点;而且,本发明骨修复材料中的三维多孔且内部贯通的孔网络结构,以适合细胞的生长、养分输送及代谢废物的排放;还具有与植入组织相匹配的力学性质。同时结合低温快速成型技术,可以精确化、定量化、灵活有效的控制该复合三维多孔骨修复材料的宏观尺寸及微观形貌。实现个性化、快速、有效、低成本的生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明纳米银粒子均匀分散在PLGA微球表面的示意图;
图2为本发明纳米银/PLGA/TCP抗菌骨修复材料支架的示意图;
图3为本发明纳米银/PLGA/TCP抗菌骨修复材料支架的Micro-CT图。
具体实施方式
PLGA/TCP复合多孔支架具有良好的骨传导性、优良的生物相容性,又有一定的初始力学强度。可通过PLGA,TCP在多孔支架中的成分配比调控支架的力学强度、降解速率等。同时,TCP也可以在一定程度上中和PLGA的酸性降解产物,减少局部炎症反应。是目前最有临床应用前景的骨修复材料之一。
但单纯的PLGA/TCP多孔支架不含有抗菌性能,不能解决因细菌感染引起的慢性骨感染。细菌可以通过血源播散和开放创面(如骨折或溃疡)以及内固定手术造成感染。其中骨修复和填充材料相关的感染随着临床应用的增多,发病率呈上升趋势,防止骨修复材料感染是目前临床上亟需解决的问题。慢性骨髓炎的治疗不仅要控制感染,还要修复手术清楚局部死骨所留下来的骨缺损,理想的抗菌骨修复材料不但能够在局部长期维持有效的抗菌作用,同时还能够促进骨再生、骨修复。
基于上述构思,针对目前对于降低细菌感染缺乏有效的骨修复材料,提供一种3D打印纳米银抗菌骨修复材料。
下面结合附图及实施例对骨修复材料及其制备方法做进一步的解释说明。
一实施方式的3D打印纳米银抗菌骨修复材料,其包括按照质量百分比的如下组分:60%~70%的可生物降解聚合物、25%的可生物降解无机物以及5%~15%的纳米银。上述材料复合形成的骨修复材料具有相互贯通的三维孔洞结构,如图2、3所示。
其中,
可生物降解聚合物可以为聚羟基乙酸-羟基丙酸共聚物(PLGA)、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚乙醇酸(PGA)、聚己内酯(PCL)、聚原酸酯、聚酸酐、聚磷腈和聚氨基酸中的一种或几种的混合物。
可生物降解聚合物还可以为聚羟基乙酸-羟基丙酸共聚物(PLGA)、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚乙醇酸(PGA)、聚己内酯(PCL)、聚原酸酯、聚酸酐、聚磷腈和聚氨基酸中的一种或几种的共聚物,例如:乙醇酸和己内酯共聚物。
可生物降解无机物可以为α-磷酸三钙(α-TCP)、β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)、羟基磷灰石(HA)、磷酸钙或硅酸钙。优选地,所述可生物降解无机物为粉末状。
将聚合物/无机物/纳米银复合于同一骨修复材料中,该骨修复材料具有良好抗菌活性、生物相容性,适宜的初始力学强度、具有良好的骨传导性及骨诱导性,降解速度可调、降解产物中性等优点。
本发明进行大量试验,选择上述较为合理的配比,一是根据低温3D打印设备对物料的流动性和粘性要求;二是根据纳米银离子对身体不会造成毒性的上限浓度;三是按此比例制备成功的骨修复材料,具有最合适的力学强度,既能很好的在骨缺损部位起到很好的支撑效果,又能避免应力遮挡效应。
如图2、3所示的上述骨修复材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S10、按照质量百分比,称取60~70%可生物降解聚合物、25%可生物降解无机物、5~15%硝酸银,室温下用有机溶剂溶解后形成均相溶液。
所述有机溶剂可以为二氧六环、三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷或四氢呋喃。
可生物降解聚合物可以为聚羟基乙酸-羟基丙酸共聚物、聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚己内酯、聚原酸酯、聚酸酐、聚磷腈或聚氨基酸。
可生物降解无机物可以为α-磷酸三钙、β-磷酸三钙、羟基磷灰石、磷酸钙或硅酸钙。
S20、超声制备纳米银颗粒,使纳米银颗粒均匀分散在所述可生物降解聚合物微球表面。
具体地,往均相溶液中加入二氯化锡、葡萄糖、抗坏血酸、甲醛中的一种或几种混合作还原剂,超声1~24h,还原上述银离子,得到纳米银混合溶液,使纳米银颗粒均匀分散在所述可生物降解聚合物微球表面,如图1所示。
S30、在低温快速成型设备中、-30℃的条件下,将S20得到的混合溶液快速成型,得到成型材料。
低温快速成型设备可以为低温快速成型仪。
S40、将S30得到的成型材料冷冻干燥,得到骨修复材料。
冷冻干燥操作可以在冷冻干燥机内进行,干燥时间可以为至少为24h。
以下为具体实施例部分;其中,低温快速成型仪型号为TissueForm Ⅲ。
实施例1
本实施例的抗菌骨修复材料包括质量百分比的如下组分:60%的PLGA、25%的TCP以及15%的纳米银。
这种抗菌骨修复材料的制备方法,按以下步骤进行:
步骤1.按质量百分比,称取A:60%的PLGA、B:25%TCP、C:15%硝酸银;将ABC混合于烧瓶中,用二氧六环于室温下混合搅拌12h,形成匀相溶液;
步骤2.加入二氯化锡作为还原剂,超声12h,还原上述银离子,得到纳米银混合溶液,其SEM示意图如图1所示;
步骤3:将上述纳米银混合溶液倒入低温快速成型仪中,在-30℃下成型至所需参数的材料;
步骤4:将成型后的材料置于冷冻干燥机内,冷冻干燥24h后成型,即得抗菌骨修复材料,如图2、3所示。
本实施例制得的骨修复材料采用微计算机断层扫描技术扫描,得到如图3所示的Micro-CT图,如图所示,该抗菌骨修复材料具有相互贯通的三维孔洞结构。
实施例2
本实施例的抗菌骨修复材料包括质量百分比的如下组分:65%的聚乳酸、25%的磷酸钙以及10%的纳米银。
这种抗菌骨修复材料的制备方法,按以下步骤进行:
步骤1.按质量百分比,称取A:65%的聚乳酸、B:25%磷酸钙、C:10%硝酸银;将ABC混合于烧瓶中,用二氧六环于室温下混合搅拌12h,形成匀相溶液;
步骤2.加入二葡萄糖作为还原剂,超声12h,还原上述银离子,得到纳米银混合溶液;
步骤3:将上述纳米银混合溶液倒入低温快速成型仪中,在-30℃下成型至所需参数的材料;
步骤4:将成型后的材料置于冷冻干燥机内,冷冻干燥24h后成型,即得抗菌骨修复材料。
实施例3
本实施例的抗菌骨修复材料包括质量百分比的如下组分:70%的聚氨基酸、25%的羟基磷灰石以及5%的纳米银。
这种抗菌骨修复材料的制备方法,按以下步骤进行:
步骤1.按质量百分比,称取A:70%的聚氨基酸、B:25%羟基磷灰石、C:5%硝酸银;将ABC混合于烧瓶中,用二氧六环于室温下混合搅拌12h,形成匀相溶液;
步骤2.加入二氯化锡、抗坏血酸、甲醛中的混合作为还原剂,超声12h,还原上述银离子,得到纳米银混合溶液;
步骤3:将上述纳米银混合溶液倒入低温快速成型仪中,在-30℃下成型至所需参数的材料;
步骤4:将成型后的材料置于冷冻干燥机内,冷冻干燥24h后成型,即得抗菌骨修复材料。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制,但凡采用等同替换或等效变换的形式所获得的技术方案,均应落在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种3D打印纳米银抗菌骨修复材料,其特征在于,包括按照质量百分比的如下组分:60%~70%的可生物降解聚合物、25%的可生物降解无机物以及5%~15%的纳米银。
2.根据权利要求1所述的3D打印纳米银抗菌骨修复材料,其特征在于,所述可生物降解聚合物包括聚乙醇酸-乳酸共聚物、聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚己内酯、聚原酸酯、聚酸酐、聚磷腈、聚氨基酸中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的3D打印纳米银抗菌骨修复材料,其特征在于,所述可生物降解无机物包括α-磷酸三钙、β-磷酸三钙、羟基磷灰石、磷酸钙、硅酸钙中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的3D打印纳米银抗菌骨修复材料,其特征在于,所述可生物降解无机物为粉末状。
5.一种3D打印纳米银抗菌骨修复材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:将60~70%可生物降解聚合物、25%可生物降解无机物、5~15%银溶液,以上各组分总量100%,按比例在有机溶剂中混合均匀后,超声制备纳米银颗粒,使纳米银颗粒均匀分散在所述可生物降解聚合物微球表面;用低温快速成型仪成型至所需参数的材料,将成型后的材料冷冻干燥成型,即得抗菌骨修复材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的3D打印纳米银抗菌骨修复材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1.按质量百分比,称取A:60%-70%的可生物降解聚合物、B:25%可生物降解无机物、C:5%-15%硝酸银,以上各组分总量100%;将ABC混合于烧瓶中,用二氧六环于室温下混合搅拌12h,形成匀相溶液;
步骤2.加入二氯化锡、葡萄糖、抗坏血酸、甲醛中的一种或几种混合作为还原剂,超声1~24h,还原上述银离子,得到纳米银混合溶液;
步骤3:将上述纳米银混合溶液倒入低温快速成型仪中,在-30℃下成型至所需参数的材料;
步骤4:将成型后的材料置于冷冻干燥机内,冷冻干燥24h后成型,即得抗菌骨修复材料。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的3D打印纳米银抗菌骨修复材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述可生物降解聚合物包括聚乙醇酸-乳酸共聚物、聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚己内酯、聚原酸酯、聚酸酐、聚磷腈、聚氨基酸中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求5或6所述的3D打印纳米银抗菌骨修复材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述可生物降解无机物包括α-磷酸三钙、β-磷酸三钙、羟基磷灰石、磷酸钙、硅酸钙中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求5或6所述的3D打印纳米银抗菌骨修复材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述可生物降解无机物为粉末状。
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