CN110045388B - Laser radar - Google Patents

Laser radar Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110045388B
CN110045388B CN201910303777.8A CN201910303777A CN110045388B CN 110045388 B CN110045388 B CN 110045388B CN 201910303777 A CN201910303777 A CN 201910303777A CN 110045388 B CN110045388 B CN 110045388B
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laser
collimating lens
detection
lens
tunable
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CN110045388A (en
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魏巍
马小峰
李家辉
陈铭泉
罗炜
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Guangzhou University
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Guangzhou University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/89Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4811Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser radar which comprises a tunable laser, a light beam control device and a photoelectric detector, wherein the tunable laser is connected with the light beam control device through an optical fiber, the tunable laser is connected with the photoelectric detector through a controller, and the tunable laser is used for emitting detection laser with different wavelengths; the light beam control device is used for carrying out laser collimation and laser light path adjustment on the detection laser emitted by the tunable laser; the photoelectric detector is used for detecting reflected laser obtained by reflecting the detection laser by a measuring object; and the controller is used for adjusting the wavelength of the detection laser emitted by the tunable laser according to the reflected laser. The invention solves the problems of high cost, poor stability and short service life of the existing laser radar, and meets the requirements of practical application.

Description

Laser radar
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional scanning, in particular to a laser radar.
Background
With the introduction of smart cities, 3D printing and the concept of unmanned vehicles, three-dimensional laser scanning technology has become increasingly popular in three-dimensional modeling. Laser scanning techniques can provide accurate three-dimensional spatial information of the surface of an object and can enable reconstruction of three-dimensional models from the information obtained. Laser radar (LIDAR) can be used as a key measuring tool for three-dimensional model reconstruction due to strong directivity, fast ranging speed and strong anti-interference performance. At present, the laser radar is widely applied to the fields of surface topography mapping, military reconnaissance, atmospheric detection, three-dimensional reconstruction technology, unmanned planes, automobiles and the like.
The laser radar is a system for emitting laser beams to detect characteristic quantities such as the position, the speed and the like of a target, and the laser radar mainly obtains related information of the target by analyzing the laser beams emitted to the target and receiving the laser beams reflected from the target and then can realize reconstruction of a target object by combining a three-dimensional reconstruction technology. However, the existing laser radar has a complex structure, a relatively large volume and a high cost, and is not beneficial to practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a laser radar capable of collimating and adjusting a laser beam.
According to the present invention, there is provided a lidar comprising: comprises a tunable laser, a light beam control device and a photoelectric detector, wherein the tunable laser is connected with the light beam control device through an optical fiber, the tunable laser is connected with the photoelectric detector through a controller,
the tunable laser is used for emitting detection laser with different wavelengths;
the light beam control device is used for carrying out laser collimation and laser light path adjustment on the detection laser emitted by the tunable laser;
the photoelectric detector is used for detecting reflected laser obtained by reflecting the detection laser by a measuring object;
and the controller is used for adjusting the wavelength of the detection laser emitted by the tunable laser according to the reflected laser.
The laser radar provided by the invention comprises a tunable laser, a light beam control device and a photoelectric detector, wherein the tunable laser is connected with the light beam control device through an optical fiber, and the tunable laser is connected with the photoelectric detector through a controller; after the detection laser emitted by the tunable laser is collimated and the light path is adjusted through the light beam control device, the photoelectric detector detects the reflected laser obtained by reflecting the detection laser by a measuring object, and feeds back the final detection result to the controller, so that the controller adjusts the wavelength of the detection laser emitted by the tunable laser according to the detection result of the photoelectric detector, the reliability of the laser radar is improved, the structure is simple, the cost is low, the service life is long, the installation is convenient, and the actual application requirements are met.
In addition, according to the laser radar of the present invention, the following additional features may be provided:
further, the light beam control device comprises a first collimating lens group and a prism,
the first collimation lens group is used for collimating and converging the divergent detection laser emitted by the tunable laser;
the prism is used for adjusting the angle of the collimated detection laser, wherein the adjustment angles of the prism to the detection laser with different wavelengths are different.
Further, the first collimating lens group comprises a first collimating lens, a second collimating lens and a third collimating lens which are arranged in sequence, the first collimating lens, the second collimating lens and the third collimating lens are coaxially arranged,
the first collimating lens is used for performing first laser collimation on the detection laser emitted by the tunable laser;
the second collimating lens is used for performing laser convergence on the detection laser subjected to the first laser collimation by the first collimating lens;
and the third collimating lens is used for performing second laser collimation on the detection laser subjected to laser convergence by the second collimating lens.
Further, the first collimating lens and the second collimating lens are at least one of a spherical lens, a free-form surface lens, a cylindrical lens, a light cone, a binary diffraction device or a multi-piece composite lens; the third collimating lens is at least one of a spherical lens, an aspherical lens or a multi-piece compound lens.
Furthermore, the light beam control device further comprises a grating, the grating is arranged on one side, away from the first collimating lens group, of the prism, and the grating is used for diffracting the detection laser after the prism is subjected to angle adjustment.
Furthermore, a second collimating lens group is disposed at one end of the beam control device close to the tunable laser, and the second collimating lens group is coaxial with the first collimating lens and includes a fourth collimating lens, a fifth collimating lens and a sixth collimating lens disposed in sequence,
the fourth collimating lens is used for performing third laser collimation on the detection laser emitted by the tunable laser;
the fifth collimating lens is used for performing laser compensation on the detection laser subjected to third laser collimation by the fourth collimating lens;
and the fourth collimating lens is used for performing fourth laser collimation on the detection laser subjected to laser compensation by the fifth collimating lens.
Further, the shape of the fourth collimating lens and the sixth collimating lens is a meniscus shape, and the shape of the fifth collimating lens is a prism shape.
Further, a preprocessing module is arranged between the photoelectric detector and the controller, and is used for performing photoelectric conversion on the reflected laser light reflected by the measured object to obtain a reflected signal, and performing filtering, shaping, calibrating, compensating and arbitration processing on the reflected signal.
Further, the tunable laser is used for emitting near infrared laser pulses in a 1550 waveband.
Further, the tunable laser and the laser probe are connected with the optical fiber through an LC, SC or FC interface.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser radar according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a laser radar according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser radar according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a laser radar according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a second collimating lens group in the laser radar according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the main element symbols:
tunable laser 10 Optical fiber 20
Light beam control device 30 First collimating lens group 31
First collimating lens 311 Second collimating lens 312
Third collimating lens 313 Prism 32
Grating 33 Second collimating lens group 34
Fourth collimating lens 341 Fifth collimating lens 342
Sixth collimating lens 343 Photoelectric detector 40
Controller 50
The following detailed description will further illustrate the invention in conjunction with the above-described figures.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, a laser radar according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes a tunable laser 10, a beam control device 20, and a photodetector 30, where the tunable laser 10 and the beam control device 30 are connected by an optical fiber 20, and the tunable laser 10 and the photodetector 30 are connected by a controller 40. In this embodiment, the tunable laser 10 and the laser probe 30 are connected to the optical fiber 20 through LC, SC, or FC interfaces, and the photodetector is a PD photodetector.
Further, the tunable laser 10 is configured to emit a detection laser of a near-infrared laser pulse; the light beam control device 30 is configured to perform laser collimation and laser path adjustment on the detection laser emitted by the tunable laser 10; the photodetector 40 is configured to detect reflected laser light obtained by reflecting the detection laser light by a measurement object; the controller 50 is configured to adjust the wavelength of the detection laser emitted by the tunable laser 10 according to the reflected laser.
Further, the light beam control device 30 includes a first collimating lens group 31 and a prism 32, where the first collimating lens group 31 is disposed on a side of the light beam control device 30 close to the tunable laser 10, and the prism 32 is disposed on a side of the light beam control device 30 close to the photodetector 40. The first collimating lens group 31 is used for collimating and condensing the divergent detection laser emitted by the tunable laser; the prism 32 is configured to adjust an angle of the collimated detection laser, where the adjustment angles of the prism 32 to the detection laser with different wavelengths are different.
The first collimating lens group 31 includes a first collimating lens 311, a second collimating lens 312, and a third collimating lens 313 sequentially disposed. The first collimating lens 311, the second collimating lens 312 and the third collimating lens 313 are coaxially disposed.
Specifically, the first collimating lens 311 is disposed on a side of the beam control device 30 close to the tuned laser 10. The first collimating lens 311 is configured to perform first laser collimation on the detection laser emitted by the tunable laser 10.
Specifically, the second collimating lens 312 is disposed between the first collimating lens 311 and the second collimating lens 312. The second collimating lens 312 is configured to perform laser converging on the detection laser subjected to the first laser collimation by the first collimating lens 311.
Specifically, the third collimating lens 313 is disposed on a side of the light beam control device 30 close to the prism 32. The third collimating lens 313 is configured to perform second laser collimation on the detection laser after the laser convergence is performed by the second collimating lens 312.
The first collimating lens 311 and the second collimating lens 312 are at least one of a spherical lens, a free-form lens, a cylindrical lens, a light cone, a binary diffraction device, or a multi-piece compound lens; the third collimating lens 313 is at least one of a spherical lens, an aspheric lens, or a multi-lens compound lens. In this embodiment, the first collimating lens 311 and the second collimating lens 312 have the same lens type and are both convex lenses, the third collimating lens 313 is a concave lens, and the curvature of the first collimating lens 311 is greater than that of the second collimating lens 312. It is understood that, in other embodiments of the present invention, the lens types of the first collimating lens 311 and the second collimating lens 312 may not be the same, and the lens types and curvatures of the first collimating lens 311 and the second collimating lens 312 may also be the same, which is not limited herein. It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the type, sequence and curvature of each lens in the first collimating lens group 31 can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and is not limited herein.
In this embodiment, the longitudinal section of the prism 32 is an isosceles triangle, and the diffraction angle of the detection laser passing through the first collimating lens group 31 is smaller than the diffraction angle of the detection laser passing through the prism 32.
It can be understood that the detection laser emitted by the tunable laser 10 passes through the optical fiber 20 to the light beam control device 30, at this time, the first collimating lens 311 in the first collimating lens group 31 in the light beam control device 30 performs first laser collimation, the second collimating lens 312 performs laser convergence on the detection laser after the first laser collimation is performed by the first collimating lens 311, the third collimating lens 313 performs second laser collimation on the detection laser after the laser convergence is performed by the second collimating lens 312, the prism 32 in the light beam control device 30 adjusts the detection laser after the second laser collimation to a preset diffraction angle, at this time, the photoelectric detector 40 sends the reflection result of the reflection laser reflected by the measured object to the controller 50, and the controller 50 controls the tunable laser 10 to emit corresponding detection laser according to the detection result of the photoelectric detector 40 A detection laser of wavelength. In other embodiments of the present invention, the number of the photodetectors 40 may also be multiple, each of the photodetectors 40 is connected to the controller 50, and the controller 50 may control the photodetectors 40 to scan the object to be scanned by time-sharing or simultaneously, which is not limited herein.
The laser radar provided by the invention comprises a tunable laser 10, a light beam control device 30 connected with the tunable laser 10 through an optical fiber 20, a photoelectric detector 40 used for detecting a reflected laser beam, and a controller 50 used for connecting the tunable laser 10 and the photoelectric detector 40; after the detection laser emitted by the tunable laser 10 is collimated and the light path is adjusted by the light beam control device 30, the reflected laser obtained by reflecting the detection laser by a measuring object is detected by the photoelectric detector 40, and a final detection result is fed back to the controller 50, so that the controller 50 adjusts the wavelength of the detection laser emitted by the tunable laser 10 according to the detection result of the photoelectric detector 40, the reliability of the laser radar is improved, the structure is simple, the efficiency is stable, and meanwhile, no auxiliary device is needed, so that the size is relatively small, the service life is long, the installation is convenient, and the actual application requirements are met.
In other embodiments of the present invention, a preprocessing module is further disposed between the photodetector 40 and the controller 50, and the preprocessing module is configured to perform photoelectric conversion on the reflected laser light reflected by the measured object to obtain a reflected signal, and perform filtering, shaping, calibrating, compensating, and arbitrating processing on the reflected signal.
As described above, the preprocessing module converts the optical signal of the reflected laser into the electrical signal of the corresponding reflected signal through the corresponding photoelectric conversion circuit, and then filters the reflected signal through the filter circuit thereon and forwards the filtered signal to the shaping circuit, the shaping circuit forwards the shaped reflected signal to the calibration circuit thereon for calibration and compensation, and finally the preprocessing module arbitrates the reflected signal after calibration and compensation and sends the arbitration result to the controller 50, so that the controller 50 adjusts the wavelength of the detection laser emitted by the tunable laser 10 according to the arbitration result.
It is understood that the preprocessing module may include all the above signal processing procedures, or may include some signal processing procedures, for example, there may be no shaping procedure or other procedures for processing the reflected signal in the preprocessing module, and details thereof are not repeated herein.
Referring to fig. 3 to 4, regarding the laser radar in the second embodiment, the laser radar in the present embodiment is substantially the same as the laser radar in the first embodiment, and the difference is that the laser radar in the present embodiment is based on the first embodiment, the beam control device further includes a grating 33, the grating 33 is disposed on one side of the prism close to the photodetector, and the grating 33 is used for diffracting the detection laser after the angle adjustment is performed by the prism. The calculation formula of the diffraction angle of the grating 33 is as follows: lambda is detection
Figure GDA0002940436940000081
The wavelength of the laser light, θ is the diffraction angle, and d is the grating constant.
In addition, in this embodiment, the photodetector is a linear array APD photodetector.
This embodiment has further perfected laser radar on the basis of second embodiment, has further improved laser radar's reliability, simple structure, efficiency are stable, do not need auxiliary device simultaneously, so the volume is very little relatively, and long service life and be convenient for install, has satisfied the practical application demand.
It should be noted that the present embodiment focuses on differences from the previous embodiment, similar parts between the embodiments are not repeatedly described, and may refer to each other, and technical features between the embodiments may be selectively combined according to a conventional technical means of a person skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 5, for the lidar in the third embodiment, the lidar in the present embodiment is substantially the same as the lidar in the second embodiment, except that on the basis of the first embodiment, the beam control device 30 in the present embodiment is further provided with a second collimating lens group 34 coaxially disposed with the first collimating lens 311 at an end close to the tunable laser 10, the second collimating lens group 34 includes a fourth collimating lens 341, a fifth collimating lens 342 and a sixth collimating lens 343 sequentially disposed, the fourth collimating lens 341 is meniscus-shaped, the fifth collimating lens 342 is prism-shaped, and in the present embodiment, the fifth collimating lens 342 is trapezoid-shaped in longitudinal section. The fourth collimating lens 341 is configured to perform third laser collimation on the detection laser emitted by the tunable laser 10; the fifth collimating lens 342 is configured to perform laser compensation on the detection laser collimated by the fourth collimating lens 341; the sixth collimating lens 343 is configured to perform fourth laser collimation on the detection laser after the detection laser is subjected to laser compensation by the fifth collimating lens 342.
Further, the meniscus concave surfaces of the fourth collimating lens 341 and the sixth collimating lens 343 are located on the incident surface, the meniscus concave surfaces of the fourth collimating lens 341 and the sixth collimating lens 343 are located on the exit surface, and the thickness of the fourth collimating lens 341 is greater than that of the sixth collimating lens 343. Through the arrangement of the fourth collimating lens 341, the fifth collimating lens 342 and the sixth collimating lens 343, the fourth collimating lens 341 and the sixth collimating lens 343 generate large refraction to paraxial marginal rays, so that the numerical aperture is large, the light passing efficiency and the laser intensity are high, and the fifth collimating lens 342 has a laser compensation effect, so that the beam quality is ensured, and the detection laser has a small divergence angle.
It can be understood that in this embodiment, the types and the order of the fourth collimating lens 341, the fifth collimating lens 342, and the sixth collimating lens 343 can also be adjusted according to actual requirements. Such as: in other embodiments of the present invention, the fourth collimating lens 341 and the fifth collimating lens 342 are meniscus-shaped, and the sixth collimating lens 343 is prism-shaped, that is, after the probing laser is refracted by the fourth collimating lens 341 and the fifth collimating lens 342, the laser compensation is performed on the refracted probing laser, so that the collimating effect of the second collimating lens group 34 on the probing laser is improved.
This embodiment has further perfected laser radar on the basis of second embodiment, has further improved laser radar's reliability, simple structure, efficiency are stable, do not need auxiliary device simultaneously, so the volume is very little relatively, and long service life and be convenient for install, has satisfied the practical application demand.
It should be noted that the present embodiment focuses on differences from the previous embodiment, similar parts between the embodiments are not repeatedly described, and may refer to each other, and technical features between the embodiments may be selectively combined according to a conventional technical means of a person skilled in the art.
It should be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, any one or combination of the following techniques, which are known in the art, may be used: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function on a data signal, an application specific integrated circuit having an appropriate combinational logic gate circuit, a Programmable Gate Array (PGA), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or the like.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. A laser radar is characterized by comprising a tunable laser, a light beam control device and a photoelectric detector, wherein the tunable laser is connected with the light beam control device through an optical fiber and is connected with the photoelectric detector through a controller,
the tunable laser is used for emitting detection laser of near-infrared laser pulses with different wavelengths;
the light beam control device is used for carrying out laser collimation and laser light path adjustment on the detection laser emitted by the tunable laser;
the light beam control device comprises a first collimating lens group, a prism light and a grating,
the first collimation lens group is used for collimating and converging the divergent detection laser emitted by the tunable laser;
the prism is used for adjusting the angle of the collimated detection laser, wherein the adjustment angles of the prism to the detection laser with different wavelengths are different;
the grating is arranged on one side, away from the first collimating lens group, of the prism and used for diffracting the detection laser subjected to angle adjustment through the prism;
the calculation formula of the diffraction angle of the grating is as follows:
Figure FDA0002940436930000011
wherein, lambda is the wavelength of the detection laser, theta is the diffraction angle, and d is the grating constant;
the photoelectric detector is used for detecting reflected laser obtained by reflecting the detection laser by a measuring object;
and the controller is used for adjusting the wavelength of the detection laser emitted by the tunable laser according to the reflected laser.
2. The lidar of claim 1, wherein the first collimating lens group comprises a first collimating lens, a second collimating lens, and a third collimating lens arranged in sequence, the first collimating lens, the second collimating lens, and the third collimating lens are coaxially arranged,
the first collimating lens is used for performing first laser collimation on the detection laser emitted by the tunable laser;
the second collimating lens is used for performing laser convergence on the detection laser subjected to the first laser collimation by the first collimating lens;
and the third collimating lens is used for performing second laser collimation on the detection laser subjected to laser convergence by the second collimating lens.
3. The lidar of claim 2, wherein the first collimating lens and the second collimating lens are at least one of a spherical lens, a free-form lens, a cylindrical lens, a cone of light, a binary diffractive device, or a multi-piece compound lens; the third collimating lens is at least one of a spherical lens, an aspherical lens or a multi-piece compound lens.
4. The lidar of claim 3, wherein an end of the beam steering apparatus near the tunable laser is further provided with a second collimating lens group coaxially disposed with the first collimating lens, the second collimating lens group comprising a fourth collimating lens, a fifth collimating lens, and a sixth collimating lens disposed in that order,
the fourth collimating lens is used for performing third laser collimation on the detection laser emitted by the tunable laser;
the fifth collimating lens is used for performing laser compensation on the detection laser subjected to third laser collimation by the fourth collimating lens;
and the fourth collimating lens is used for performing fourth laser collimation on the detection laser subjected to laser compensation by the fifth collimating lens.
5. The lidar of claim 4, wherein the fourth collimating lens and the sixth collimating lens are meniscus shaped and the fifth collimating lens is prism shaped.
6. The lidar of claim 1, wherein a pre-processing module is further disposed between the photodetector and the controller, and the pre-processing module is configured to perform photoelectric conversion on the reflected laser light reflected by the measured object to obtain a reflected signal, and perform filtering, shaping, calibration, compensation and arbitration on the reflected signal.
7. Lidar according to claim 6, wherein the tunable laser is adapted to emit a detection laser of a near-infrared laser pulse.
8. The lidar of claim 7, wherein the tunable laser and the laser probe are connected to the optical fiber via an LC, SC, or FC interface.
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