CN110037189A - 促进母猪分娩与减轻产后综合症饲料添加剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
促进母猪分娩与减轻产后综合症饲料添加剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种促进母猪分娩与减轻产后综合症的饲料添加剂的制备方法。该制备方法包括中草药复合物的制备、菌悬液的制备、原料发酵和成品制备等步骤。该制备方法工艺简单,而且能充分释放各原料的活性成分,同时通过该方法制备的饲料添加剂配合低蛋白日粮使用,能有效促进母猪分娩与减轻产后综合症状,降低猪粪氮含量与猪舍氨气浓度,改善猪场环境;同时可以提高仔猪初生重、断奶重、哺乳期日增重和哺乳期成活率,提高养殖经济效益,具有广阔的市场前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于饲料生产技术领域,具体涉及一种促进母猪分娩与减轻产后综合症的饲料添加剂的制备方法。
背景技术
母猪是养殖场经济来源的重要生产资料,作为商品仔猪供应者的能繁母猪饲养水平的高低直接制约着养殖场经济效益的好坏。近年来,我国母猪生产水平有了较大幅度的提升,但是与欧美发达国家相比,我国的生产效率至少低30%,其生产效率至少低30%,生产相同数量育肥猪所需母猪的数量比欧美发达国家至少多40%以上。其中,胎衣不下和母猪产后综合症是导致产后诸多母猪繁殖障碍性疾病发生的主要或直接原因,已成为我国母猪养殖业可持续发展亟待解决的主要问题。
胎衣不下是母猪常见的疾病,主要是有母猪产仔后子宫收缩功能减弱、以及饲养管理不当所致,继而出现胎盘无法正常排出体外而导致子宫、乳房炎,甚至引起败血症而导致母猪死亡。母猪产后综合症是母猪产后由于产后代谢紊乱、生理机能障碍而引起的母猪产仔后发生停食等症状,引起母猪产后的12-48小时少乳或无乳的一类一种产后营养代谢性疾病,其主要症状表现为产后厌食或停食、精神沉郁,昏睡、发热、乏力、恶露,少数病例体温略有升高的(阳德华,陈启青,李杰,徐洪忠.母猪产后综合症防治体会[J],中国畜禽种业,2018,14(07):66-67)。发病原因主要是母猪产前摄入过多难以消化的饲料,再加上母猪产仔过程中体能和消化能力减弱、失水过多及产后产道发炎体温升高等而引起的以便秘、消化障碍为主的综合症。此病常因治疗方案欠妥导致病程延长,致仔猪不能及时吃上初乳而使成活率降低,给养猪生产造成较大的经济损失。因此如何预防和治疗母猪胎衣不下与产后综合症的发生,使母猪平稳渡过产后25天,对养殖场来说具有重要的现实意义。
从母猪料源头控制母猪氮的采食量能从根本上降低母猪粪污中氮排放后对猪舍环境的污染是切实可行的营养调控措施。低蛋白日粮就是依据“理想蛋白”和可消化氨基酸模式发展而出来的一个有效控制氮排放的日粮配制技术(李凤娜等.猪低蛋白日粮的作用效应与技术实践进展[J],农业现代化研究,2018,39(06):961-969)。
因此研究促进母猪分娩与减轻产后综合症饲料添加剂的制备方法,并结合在低蛋白日粮中进行应用,具有非常重要的现实意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种促进母猪分娩与减轻产后综合症的饲料添加剂的制备方法,通过中草药复合物的制备、菌悬液的制备、原料发酵和成品制备等步骤,该制备方法简单高效,而且所生产的饲料添加剂能有效促进母猪分娩与减轻产后综合症状、提高仔猪初生重、断奶重、哺乳期日增重和哺乳期成活率,配合低蛋白日粮同时使用能有效降低猪粪氮含量与猪舍氨气浓度,改善猪场环境,具有广阔的市场前景。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术措施:
一种促进母猪分娩与减轻产后综合症饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于
包括以下步骤:
(1)中草药复合物的制备:将香椿树叶,苦楝树叶,九死还魂草,茄子皮,沙棘果全果均于混合前在50℃的饲料干燥烘干机中干燥5h后分别粉碎,然后取龟胶,鹿胎膏,香椿树叶粉,苦楝树叶粉,九死还魂草粉,茄子皮粉,沙棘果全果粉,豆粕按照重量比例1.8-2︰2-3︰1.3-1.5︰0.8-1.0︰1.1-1.4︰0.9-1.2︰0.9-1.2︰7-10用超微粉碎机粉碎,过300目筛,得到中草药复合物;
(2)保加利亚乳杆菌悬液、嗜热链球菌悬液的制备:按照每1L活化培养基中添加4g-6g菌粉,将保加利亚乳杆菌菌粉、嗜热链球菌菌粉分别接种于活化培养基内,置于培养箱内于37℃培养36 h,得保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌的活化菌;然后按照每1L发酵培养基中分别添加500mL的保加利亚乳杆菌活化菌和嗜热链球菌活化菌,将接种在发酵培养基中的保加利亚乳杆菌活化菌,嗜热链球菌活化菌继续在37℃温度下培养2 h后即得保加利亚乳杆菌悬液、嗜热链球菌悬液;
所述保加利亚乳杆菌菌粉活菌总数≥2×1010 CFU/g,所述嗜热链球菌菌粉活菌总数≥2×1010 CFU/g;
所述保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌活化培养基配方的制备方法为:将胰蛋白胨10g,酵母培养物10g, 磷酸氢二钾0.5g,乳糖5g,蔗糖5g,溴甲酚紫 0.02g和超纯水1000mL,于0.1MPa灭菌30min,然后加入碳酸钙 3g,摇匀即得保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌活化培养基。
所述保加利亚乳杆菌,嗜热链球菌发酵培养基配方为麦麸8g、蛋白胨10g、酵母培养物5g、牛肉粉6g、葡萄糖17g、吐温80 1mL、三水乙酸钠5.5g、三水磷酸氢二钾2.5g、柠檬酸氢二铵2g、七水硫酸镁0.55g、四水硫酸锰0.15g、超纯水1000mL。
(3)原料混合:按照重量份将玉米粉8-15.5份,中草药复合物16-23份,蔗糖2.5-6份,保加利亚乳杆菌悬液2.5-4份,嗜热链球菌悬液2.5-4份,超纯水50-65份,加入混合机内进行混合,得混合物;
(4)原料发酵:将步骤(3)中制备的混合物输送入到固态发酵釜中,控制发酵釜的温度为37℃,相对湿度为70%,每隔4h翻匀物料,固态发酵4天后停止发酵,得到发酵产物,将发酵产物烘干粉碎过60目筛,得发酵物粉;
(5)成品制备:将步骤(4)中制备的发酵物粉投入冷制粒装置中冷制粒;调整匹配所述冷制粒装置的环模及压缩比,使所述冷制粒装置中的物料在制粒时温度上升,当温度上升至60℃-65℃时结束发酵,冷却后在2-16分钟完成冷制粒,冷却后的颗粒物料即得饲料添加剂;
所述冷制粒装置的环模孔径为2.0-4.0,压缩比为1:3-20。
本发明所述一种促进母猪分娩与减轻产后综合症的饲料添加剂的制备方法,通过该制备方法得到的添加剂在母猪配合饲料中进行添加,在母猪低蛋白日粮中的添加量为4-6%。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点及有益效果:
1、补充本发明制备方法的优点:本发明基于固态发酵工艺与冷制粒工艺相互结合,将一定比例的中草药复合物与原料发酵后冷制粒制备为成品等步骤。该制备方法工艺简单,而且能充分释放各原料的活性成分,保证高效率与高品质的发酵中草药生产模式,为发酵中草药应用中活性成分的保留提供了一种切实可行的制备方法。
2、龟胶粉具有滋阴、补血,止血的功效,用于主治阴虚血亏、烦热惊悸、肾虚腰痛、崩漏、带下等症状。实验表明:龟甲胶的主要成分是蛋白质、骨胶原、脂肪、钙、磷、肽类和多种酶以及多种人体必需微量元素,还富含天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸等多种氨基酸。有抗凝血、增加冠脉含量、提高耐缺氧功能、促进免疫、抑菌等作用。另外研究表明:龟甲胶能抑制肾上腺皮质过度兴奋,有效降低体内甲状腺激素水平;能显著增加贫血动物的红细胞及网织红细胞数,缩短出血时间,固肾止血,对崩漏带下、月经过多有明显的治疗作用。能够对母猪产后体虚、缩短产后出血时间,及其提供多种营养成分具有重要作用。鹿胎膏是从怀孕母鹿腹中取出的整个子宫,里面包括成形小鹿,连同胎衣、羊水,以酒浸,整形,烘烤,风干即为鹿胎。将鹿胎以煎煮,焙炒,粉碎,加红糖熬制,即为鹿胎膏。鹿胎膏是以鹿胎为原料,辅以人参,当归等20多种珍贵药材及20多道工序精心加工而成的,具有较强的补气养血、调以散寒的功效,治疗月经不调、宫寒不孕、崩漏带下等症。含有丰富的氨基酸、维生素、钙、铁、锌等元素,有补气血、调经、壮阳、补虚、的作用,能够为产后母猪提供充足的营养,同时起到补气养血的作用。香椿的营养价值较高,除了含有蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物外,还有丰富的维生素、胡萝卜素、铁、磷、钙等多种营养成分,香椿味苦、性平、无毒,有开胃爽神、祛风除湿、止血利气、消火解毒的功效。现代医学及临床经验也表明,香椿叶能保肝、利肺、健脾、补血、舒筋,能促进母猪产后食欲、止血利气与提供充足的营养成分的作用。苦楝树叶具有清热燥湿,杀虫止痒,行气止痛、止血的功效,能使产后母猪气血通畅、止血的作用。九死还魂草是一种能止血的中药材,它能加快血小板凝结,能快速止血,平时出现外伤出血时把九死还魂草研碎以后直接外敷就能止血,能减少母猪产后血液流失。茄子皮中含有很多的维生素P,其主要功效就是降低毛细血管的通透性,减少血红细胞的流失,促进组织液中血红细胞的吸收,可起到消肿止血的功效,可减少母猪血红细胞的流失。沙棘果的营养价值很高,含脂肪、蛋白质、糖类、盐类和维生素,且含量丰富。其中每100g沙棘果汁中含维生素C 500-400mg、维生素E2 50-400mg、维生素B1 0.05mg-0.3mg、维生素B2 0.03-0.15g、维生素B120.2-0.88mg、维生素K族化合物115、P族维生素20-350mg,能为产后母猪提供充足的维生素与粗纤维来源,促进肠胃蠕动。同时,通过保加利亚乳杆菌,嗜热链球菌混合后进行发酵,能增加中草药的适口性,并提高纤维等营养物质的消化吸收效率,调节母猪肠道菌群多样性。因此,本发明中的发酵中草药可以有效缓解产后母猪气血不足、止血补血、肠道蠕动较慢所导致的分娩困难小与产后综合症发生率。
2、该饲料制备方法采用固态发酵与冷制粒制备发酵中草药复合物,能有效保证发酵后营养成份营养价值,避免高温制粒造成的营养成份损失。
3、该饲料添加剂在应用例中结合低蛋白日粮一同使用,能有效降低猪粪氮含量与猪舍氨气浓度,改善猪场环境,具有广阔的市场前景。
4、该饲料添加剂能效促进母猪分娩与减轻产后综合症状、提高仔猪初生重、断奶重、哺乳期日增重和哺乳期成活率。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明,列举以下实施例,但其对发明的范围无任何限制。
实施例1
一种促进母猪分娩与减轻产后综合症饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于
包括以下步骤:
(1)中草药复合物的制备:将香椿树叶,苦楝树叶,九死还魂草,茄子皮,沙棘果全果均于混合前在50℃的饲料干燥烘干机中干燥5h后分别粉碎,然后取龟胶,鹿胎膏,香椿树叶粉,苦楝树叶粉,九死还魂草粉,茄子皮粉,沙棘果全果粉,豆粕按照重量比例1.8︰2︰1.3︰0.8︰1.1︰0.9︰0.9︰7用超微粉碎机粉碎,过300目筛,得到中草药复合物;
(2)保加利亚乳杆菌悬液、嗜热链球菌悬液的制备:按照每1L活化培养基中添加4g菌粉,将保加利亚乳杆菌菌粉、嗜热链球菌菌粉分别接种于活化培养基内,置于培养箱内于37℃培养36 h,得保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌的活化菌;然后按照每1L发酵培养基中分别添加500mL的保加利亚乳杆菌活化菌和嗜热链球菌活化菌,将接种在发酵培养基中的保加利亚乳杆菌活化菌,嗜热链球菌活化菌继续在37℃温度下培养2 h后即得保加利亚乳杆菌悬液、嗜热链球菌悬液;
所述保加利亚乳杆菌菌粉活菌总数≥2×1010 CFU/g,所述嗜热链球菌菌粉活菌总数≥2×1010 CFU/g;
所述保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌活化培养基配方的制备方法为:将胰蛋白胨10g,酵母培养物10g, 磷酸氢二钾0.5g,乳糖5g,蔗糖5g,溴甲酚紫 0.02g和超纯水1000mL,于0.1MPa灭菌30min,然后加入碳酸钙 3g,摇匀即得保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌活化培养基。
所述保加利亚乳杆菌,嗜热链球菌发酵培养基配方为麦麸8g、蛋白胨10g、酵母培养物5g、 牛肉粉6g、葡萄糖17g、吐温80 1mL、三水乙酸钠5.5g、三水磷酸氢二钾2.5g、 柠檬酸氢二铵2g、七水硫酸镁0.55g、四水硫酸锰0.15g、超纯水1000mL。
(3)原料混合:按照重量份将玉米粉14份、中草药复合物23份、蔗糖5份、保加利亚乳杆菌悬液4份、嗜热链球菌悬液4份、超纯水50份,加入混合机内进行混合,得混合物;
(4)原料发酵:将步骤(3)中制备的混合物输送入到固态发酵釜中,控制发酵釜的温度为37℃,相对湿度为70%,每隔4h翻匀物料,固态发酵4天后停止发酵,得到发酵产物,将发酵产物烘干粉碎过60目筛,得发酵物粉;
(5)成品制备:将步骤(4)中制备的发酵物粉投入冷制粒装置中冷制粒;调整匹配所述冷制粒装置的环模及压缩比,使所述冷制粒装置中的物料在制粒时温度上升,当温度上升至60℃时结束发酵,冷却后在5分钟完成冷制粒,冷却后的颗粒物料即得饲料添加剂;
所述冷制粒装置的环模孔径为2.0,压缩比为1:3。
本发明所述一种促进母猪分娩与减轻产后综合症的饲料添加剂的制备方法,通过该制备方法得到的添加剂在母猪配合饲料中进行添加,在母猪低蛋白日粮中的添加量为4%。
实施例2
一种促进母猪分娩与减轻产后综合症饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于
包括以下步骤:
(1)中草药复合物的制备:将香椿树叶,苦楝树叶,九死还魂草,茄子皮,沙棘果全果均于混合前在50℃的饲料干燥烘干机中干燥5h后分别粉碎,然后取龟胶,鹿胎膏,香椿树叶粉,苦楝树叶粉,九死还魂草粉,茄子皮粉,沙棘果全果粉,豆粕按照重量比例1.9︰2.5︰1.4︰0.9︰1.3︰1.1︰1.1︰9用超微粉碎机粉碎,过300目筛,得到中草药复合物;
(2)保加利亚乳杆菌悬液、嗜热链球菌悬液的制备:按照每1L活化培养基中添加5g菌粉,将保加利亚乳杆菌菌粉、嗜热链球菌菌粉分别接种于活化培养基内,置于培养箱内于37℃培养36 h,得保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌的活化菌;然后按照每1L发酵培养基中分别添加500mL的保加利亚乳杆菌活化菌和嗜热链球菌活化菌,将接种在发酵培养基中的保加利亚乳杆菌活化菌,嗜热链球菌活化菌继续在37℃温度下培养2 h后即得保加利亚乳杆菌悬液、嗜热链球菌悬液;
所述保加利亚乳杆菌菌粉活菌总数≥2×1010 CFU/g,所述嗜热链球菌菌粉活菌总数≥2×1010 CFU/g;
所述保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌活化培养基配方的制备方法为:将胰蛋白胨10g,酵母培养物10g, 磷酸氢二钾0.5g,乳糖5g,蔗糖5g,溴甲酚紫 0.02g和超纯水1000mL,于0.1MPa灭菌30min,然后加入碳酸钙 3g,摇匀即得保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌活化培养基。
所述保加利亚乳杆菌,嗜热链球菌发酵培养基配方为麦麸8g、蛋白胨10g、酵母培养物5g、牛肉粉6g、葡萄糖17g、吐温80 1mL、三水乙酸钠5.5g、三水磷酸氢二钾2.5g、柠檬酸氢二铵2g、七水硫酸镁0.55g、四水硫酸锰0.15g、超纯水1000mL。
(3)原料混合:按照重量份将玉米粉13份、中草药复合物21份、蔗糖4份、保加利亚乳杆菌悬液3.5份、嗜热链球菌悬液3.5份、超纯水55份,加入混合机内进行混合,得混合物;
(4)原料发酵:将步骤(3)中制备的混合物输送入到固态发酵釜中,控制发酵釜的温度为37℃,相对湿度为70%,每隔4h翻匀物料,固态发酵4天后停止发酵,得到发酵产物,将发酵产物烘干粉碎过60目筛,得发酵物粉;
(5)成品制备:将步骤(4)中制备的发酵物粉投入冷制粒装置中冷制粒;调整匹配所述冷制粒装置的环模及压缩比,使所述冷制粒装置中的物料在制粒时温度上升,当温度上升至62℃时结束发酵,冷却后在8分钟完成冷制粒,冷却后的颗粒物料即得饲料添加剂;
所述冷制粒装置的环模孔径为3.0,压缩比为1:8。
本发明所述一种促进母猪分娩与减轻产后综合症的饲料添加剂的制备方法,通过该制备方法得到的添加剂在母猪配合饲料中进行添加,在母猪低蛋白日粮中的添加量为5%。
实施例3
一种促进母猪分娩与减轻产后综合症饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于
包括以下步骤:
(1)中草药复合物的制备:将香椿树叶,苦楝树叶,九死还魂草,茄子皮,沙棘果全果均于混合前在50℃的饲料干燥烘干机中干燥5h后分别粉碎,然后取龟胶,鹿胎膏,香椿树叶粉,苦楝树叶粉,九死还魂草粉,茄子皮粉,沙棘果全果粉,豆粕按照重量比例2︰3︰1.5︰1.0︰1.4︰1.2︰1.2︰10用超微粉碎机粉碎,过300目筛,得到中草药复合物;
(2)保加利亚乳杆菌悬液、嗜热链球菌悬液的制备:按照每1L活化培养基中添加6g菌粉,将保加利亚乳杆菌菌粉、嗜热链球菌菌粉分别接种于活化培养基内,置于培养箱内于37℃培养36 h,得保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌的活化菌;然后按照每1L发酵培养基中分别添加500mL的保加利亚乳杆菌活化菌和嗜热链球菌活化菌,将接种在发酵培养基中的保加利亚乳杆菌活化菌,嗜热链球菌活化菌继续在37℃温度下培养2 h后即得保加利亚乳杆菌悬液、嗜热链球菌悬液;
所述保加利亚乳杆菌菌粉活菌总数≥2×1010 CFU/g,所述嗜热链球菌菌粉活菌总数≥2×1010 CFU/g;
所述保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌活化培养基配方的制备方法为:将胰蛋白胨10g,酵母培养物10g, 磷酸氢二钾0.5g,乳糖5g,蔗糖5g,溴甲酚紫 0.02g和超纯水1000mL,于0.1MPa灭菌30min,然后加入碳酸钙 3g,摇匀即得保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌活化培养基。
所述保加利亚乳杆菌,嗜热链球菌发酵培养基配方为麦麸8g、蛋白胨10g、酵母培养物5g、牛肉粉6g、葡萄糖17g、吐温80 1mL、三水乙酸钠5.5g、三水磷酸氢二钾2.5g、柠檬酸氢二铵2g、七水硫酸镁0.55g、四水硫酸锰0.15g、超纯水1000mL。
(3)原料混合:按照重量份将玉米粉15.5份,中草药复合物23份,蔗糖6份,保加利亚乳杆菌悬液4份,嗜热链球菌悬液4份,超纯水65份,加入混合机内进行混合,得混合物;
(4)原料发酵:将步骤(3)中制备的混合物输送入到固态发酵釜中,控制发酵釜的温度为37℃,相对湿度为70%,每隔4h翻匀物料,固态发酵4天后停止发酵,得到发酵产物,将发酵产物烘干粉碎过60目筛,得发酵物粉;
(5)成品制备:将步骤(4)中制备的发酵物粉投入冷制粒装置中冷制粒;调整匹配所述冷制粒装置的环模及压缩比,使所述冷制粒装置中的物料在制粒时温度上升,当温度上升至65℃时结束发酵,冷却后在16分钟完成冷制粒,冷却后的颗粒物料即得饲料添加剂;
所述冷制粒装置的环模孔径为4.0,压缩比为1: 20。
本发明所述一种促进母猪分娩与减轻产后综合症的饲料添加剂的制备方法,通过该制备方法得到的添加剂在母猪配合饲料中进行添加,在母猪低蛋白日粮中的添加量为6%。
试验例
(1)动物饲喂试验:选用2-4胎次,预产期相近的配种后妊娠健康二元母猪160头,随机分为4组,每组40头,单栏饲养。其中3个试验组日粮分别在常规日粮的基础上添加实施例1-3制得的饲料添加剂,另一组为常规对照例,饲喂常规哺乳母猪日粮。试验从母猪怀孕95天起开始,到仔猪21天断奶后结束。试验期间按猪场日常管理程序,给试验猪喂料、饮水和免疫。各组试验日粮与本发明添加剂添加量的用量见表1。
(2)指标测定:记录与统计母猪的平均产程、平均产仔间隔、胎衣排出间隔时间、产仔数、死胎数、死胎率、母猪产后发病头数、仔猪腹泻率、仔猪初生重、仔猪断奶重、仔猪哺乳期日增重、仔猪哺乳期成活率、母猪粪便评分值、粪氮、猪舍氨气浓度数据。检测饲料粗蛋白质含量(见表2)。
表1 各组试验日粮与本发明饲料添加剂用量表格
所述4%基础预混料由猪通用多维18.4%,通用有机多矿18%,植酸酶3.3%,50%氯化胆碱5%,抗氧化剂4.6%,赖氨酸2.2%,蛋氨酸1.5%,苏氨酸1%,色氨酸1%,45%载体组成,其中所述载体为沸石粉。
所述猪通用多维由以下成分组成:每千克饲料提供VA 12000IU, VD3 4200 IU,VE85 IU,VK3 5 mg, VB1 7mg,VB2 12.5 mg, VB6 6.5 mg,VB12 0.08 mg, 生物素 0.3 mg,烟酸55 mg,泛酸 30mg,叶酸6mg。
所述猪通用有机多矿由以下成分按重量份数组成:每千克饲料提供有机Cu 30mg, 有机Fe 100 mg, 有机I 0.6 mg, 有机Zn 100 mg, 有机Mn 0.6 mg, 有机Se 0.4 mg。
表2不同母猪日粮中粗蛋白含量
表3不同母猪日粮对母猪分娩的影响
表4不同母猪日粮对母猪产后综合症的影响
表5不同母猪日粮对环境的影响
试验结果表明,应用本发明实例中的饲料添加剂可以显著缩短平均产程、平均产仔间隔、胎衣排出间隔时间、产仔数、死胎数、死胎率,同时减少母猪产后发病头数且显著提高母猪产后的生产性能、显著提高仔猪的初生重、断奶重、仔猪哺乳期日增重、仔猪哺乳期成活率等产后综合症检测指标,显著降低粪氮排放量及其猪舍内氨气的浓度。
Claims (6)
1.一种促进母猪分娩与减轻产后综合症饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)中草药复合物的制备:将香椿树叶,苦楝树叶,九死还魂草,茄子皮,沙棘果全果在50℃的饲料干燥烘干机中干燥5h后分别粉碎,然后取龟胶,鹿胎膏,香椿树叶粉,苦楝树叶粉,九死还魂草粉,茄子皮粉,沙棘果全果粉,豆粕按照重量比例1.8-2︰2-3︰1.3-1.5︰0.8-1.0︰1.1-1.4︰0.9-1.2︰0.9-1.2︰7-10用超微粉碎机粉碎,过300目筛,得到中草药复合物;
(2)保加利亚乳杆菌悬液、嗜热链球菌悬液的制备:按照每1L活化培养基中添加4g-6g菌粉,将保加利亚乳杆菌菌粉、嗜热链球菌菌粉分别接种于活化培养基内,置于培养箱内于37℃培养36 h,得保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌的活化菌;然后按照每1L发酵培养基中分别添加500mL的保加利亚乳杆菌活化菌和嗜热链球菌活化菌,将接种在发酵培养基中的保加利亚乳杆菌活化菌,嗜热链球菌活化菌继续在37℃温度下培养2 h后即得保加利亚乳杆菌悬液、嗜热链球菌悬液;
(3)原料混合:按照重量份将玉米粉8-15.5份,中草药复合物16-23份,蔗糖2.5-6份,保加利亚乳杆菌悬液2.5-4份,嗜热链球菌悬液2.5-4份,超纯水50-65份,加入混合机内进行混合,得混合物;
(4)原料发酵:将步骤(3)中制备的混合物输送入到固态发酵釜中,控制发酵釜的温度为37℃,相对湿度为70%,每隔4h翻匀物料,固态发酵4天后停止发酵,得到发酵产物,将发酵产物烘干粉碎过60目筛,得发酵物粉;
(5)成品制备:将步骤(4)中制备的发酵物粉投入冷制粒装置中冷制粒;调整匹配所述冷制粒装置的环模及压缩比,使所述冷制粒装置中的物料在制粒时温度上升,当温度上升至60℃-65℃时结束发酵,冷却后在2-16分钟完成冷制粒,冷却后的颗粒物料即得饲料添加剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种促进母猪分娩与减轻产后综合症饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述保加利亚乳杆菌菌粉活菌总数≥2×1010 CFU/g,所述嗜热链球菌菌粉活菌总数≥2×1010 CFU/g。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种促进母猪分娩与减轻产后综合症饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌活化培养基配方的制备方法为将胰蛋白胨10g,酵母培养物10g,磷酸氢二钾0.5g,乳糖5g,蔗糖5g,溴甲酚紫 0.02g和超纯水1000mL,于0.1MPa灭菌30min,然后加入碳酸钙 3g,摇匀即得保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌活化培养基。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种促进母猪分娩与减轻产后综合症饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述保加利亚乳杆菌,嗜热链球菌发酵培养基配方为麦麸8g、蛋白胨10g、酵母培养物5g、牛肉粉6g、葡萄糖17g、吐温80 1mL、三水乙酸钠5.5g、三水磷酸氢二钾2.5g、柠檬酸氢二铵2g、七水硫酸镁0.55g、四水硫酸锰0.15g、超纯水1000mL。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种促进母猪分娩与减轻产后综合症饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述冷制粒装置的环模孔径为2.0-4.0,压缩比为1:3-20。
6.如权利要求1所述一种促进母猪分娩与减轻产后综合症饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于通过该制备方法得到的添加剂在母猪配合饲料中进行添加,在母猪配合饲料中的添加量为4-6%。
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