CN110031897A - Amplitude energy compensates and bearing calibration and system multi-component earthquake data in the seawater - Google Patents
Amplitude energy compensates and bearing calibration and system multi-component earthquake data in the seawater Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Disclose a kind of multi-component earthquake data amplitude energy compensation and bearing calibration and system in the seawater.This method may include: to calculate seawater physical parametric data；According to seawater physical parametric data, the geometrical attenuation compensation factor of seismic wave field is calculated；It is scanned, is calculated per incidence angle together for multi-component seismic trace gather；According to seawater physical parametric data, the transmission coefficient of each corresponding sea water layer structure of incidence angle is calculated, and then calculates transmission compensation factor；According to geometrical attenuation compensation factor and transmission compensation factor, shunting compensation and correction are carried out to the amplitude energy in multi-component earthquake data.The present invention realizes the amplitude compensation to deep water multi-component earthquake data and correction by the velocity field and density field information and geometrical attenuation compensation factor of calculating variation of seawater.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seismic wave technical field, more particularly, to a kind of multi-component earthquake data amplitude in the seawater
Energy compensating and bearing calibration and system.
Background technique
For ocean deepwater multicomponent seismic survey, the sea water advanced continuous intensification as involved in seismic prospecting,
The propagation of seismic wave field is more more and more intense by being influenced from seawater speed, variable density.Due to the change of seawater physical property
Change and energy reduction in seismic data deep will lead to the interference that seismic wave field energy is propagated, the imaging of deep reflex data deep is caused to become
It is weak.Prior influence is that this seawater will lead to seismic data Amplitudeversusangle to the interference of seismic wave field
The Energy distribution of (Amplitude Various Angle, AVA) trace gather is distorted, and causes the error of earthquake prestack inversion.Therefore,
It in the processing of deep water multi-component seismic, needs rationally to restore seismic data depth energy, eliminates sea water layer to earthquake data amplitudes
With the influence that incidence angle changes, so that seismic data more accurately reflects the physical property reflectance signature of medium, it is anti-to improve prestack
The precision drilled.
The existing deep water multi-component earthquake data amplitude energy compensating for loss and damage influenced for elimination sea water layer and correction side
Method processing mainly uses conventional sea water layer geometrical attenuation compensation method, and the speed value of sound wave in the seawater is in compensating parameter
1500 meter per seconds.There are multiple drawbacks for this method: (1) not considering that the layering variation of seawater speed and density field in deep water causes
Compensation precision is too low, or even destroys amplitude variations feature；(2) do not consider that sea water layer absorbs reflection to deep water multi-component earthquake data
The influence of amplitude energy causes AVA trace gather data amplitudes to be distorted；(3) compensation problem of four component earthquake datas is not considered.This
The presence of a little problems has resulted in deep water multi-component seismic imaging deep effect variation, prestack inversion precision reduces.Therefore, having must
Develop a kind of multi-component earthquake data amplitude energy compensation and bearing calibration and system in the seawater.
The information for being disclosed in background of invention part is merely intended to deepen the reason to general background technique of the invention
Solution, and it is known to those skilled in the art existing to be not construed as recognizing or imply that the information is constituted in any form
Technology.
Summary of the invention
The invention proposes a kind of multi-component earthquake data in the seawater amplitude energy compensation with bearing calibration and system,
It can be realized by the velocity field and density field information and geometrical attenuation compensation factor of calculating variation of seawater to deep water multi -components
The amplitude energy of seismic data compensates and correction.
According to an aspect of the invention, it is proposed that a kind of amplitude energy compensation and the correction in the seawater of multi-component earthquake data
Method.The method may include: calculate seawater physical parametric data；According to the seawater physical parametric data, earthquake is calculated
The geometrical attenuation compensation factor of wave field；It is scanned, is calculated per incidence angle θ together for multi-component seismic trace gather；According to institute
Seawater physical parametric data is stated, the transmission coefficient of each corresponding sea water layer structure of the incidence angle is calculated, and then is calculated saturating
Penetrate compensation factor；According to the geometrical attenuation compensation factor and transmission compensation factor, to the amplitude energy in multi-component earthquake data
Amount carries out shunting compensation and correction.
Preferably, the seawater physical parametric data includes that seawater pressure, seawater acoustic speed, density of sea water become with depth
Change density of sea water under data, standard atmospheric pressure.
Preferably, the seawater acoustic speed is calculated by formula (1):
Wherein, D is depth, and S is salinity, and T is temperature, and v is the seawater sound wave speed of different depth, salinity and temperature in seawater
Degree.
Preferably, the seawater pressure is calculated by formula (2):
Wherein, P is seawater pressure with change in depth data, C1For calculating parameter,
L is exploration area latitude；Density of sea water under the standard atmospheric pressure is calculated by formula (3):
Wherein, den0For density of sea water under standard atmospheric pressure, b0=8.24493e-1, b1=-4.0899e-3, b2=
7.6438e-5, b3=-8.2467e-7, b4=5.3875e-9, c0=-5.72466e-3, c1=+1.0227e-4, c2=-
1.6546e-6, d0=-8.2467e-7, den1=ao+ (a1+ (a2+ (a3+ (a4+a5*T68) * T68) * T68) * T68) * T68, a0
=999.842594, a1=-6.793952e-2, a2=-9.09529e-3, a3=1.001685e-4, a4=-1.120083e-6,
A5=6.536332e-9。
Preferably, the density of sea water is calculated with change in depth data by formula (4):
Wherein, den0For density of sea water under standard atmospheric pressure, pe=P/10, K=K0+ (A+B*P) * P,f0
=+54.6746, f1=-0.603459, f2=+1.09987e-2, f3=-6.1670e-5, g0=+1.6483e-2, g1=+
1.6483e-2, g2=-5.3009e-4, KW=eo+ (e1+ (e2+ (e3+e4T68) * T68) * T68) * T68, e0=19652.21,
E1=+148.4206, e2=-2.327105, e3=+1.360477e-2, e4=+5.155288e-5,J0=1.91075e-4, i0=2.2838e-3, i1=-
1.0981e-5, i2=-1.6078e-6, AW=h0+ (h1+ (h2+h3*T68) * T68) * T68, h0=+3.239908, h1=+
1.43713e-3, h2=+1.16092e-4, h3=-5.77905e-7, B=BW+ (m0+ (m1+m2*T68) * T68) * S, m0=-
9.9348e-7, m1=+2.0816e-8, m2=9.1697e-10, BW=k0+ (k1+k2*T68) * T68, k0=+8.50935e-5,
K1=-6.12293e-6, k2=5.2787e-8。
Preferably, the geometrical attenuation compensation factor is calculated by formula (5):
Wherein, DiFor the geometrical attenuation compensation factor of i-th of sea water layer structure, VdAnd TdRespectively sound wave is passed along seawater
When the root mean sequare velocity and propagation travelling in ray path broadcast, VminFor the minimum value of seawater acoustic speed.
Preferably, according to stacked section source wavelet and multi-component seismic frequency band, the equivalent layer thickness of seawater is determined, in turn
Determine multiple sea water layer structures.
Preferably, the transmission coefficient of each corresponding sea water layer structure of the incidence angle is calculated by formula (6):
Tn=Tρ+Tv (6)
Wherein, TnFor the transmission coefficient of each corresponding sea water layer structure of incidence angle, TρFor according to density of sea water layering with
The transmission coefficient of incidence angle variation,Δ ρ is the density of sea water of lower layer's sea water layer structure and upper ocean water layer structure
Difference, ρ are the density of sea water of lower layer's sea water layer structure, TvTo be layered the transmission system changed with incidence angle according to seawater acoustic speed
Number,Δ v is that lower layer's sea water layer structure and the seawater acoustic speed of upper ocean water layer structure are poor, v
For the seawater acoustic speed of lower layer's sea water layer structure；The transmission compensation factor is calculated by formula (7):
Wherein, TiFor the transmission compensation factor of i-th of sea water layer structure.
Preferably, shunting compensation is carried out by amplitude energy of the formula (8) to multi-component earthquake data:
Sout1(t)n=DiSin(t)n (8)
Wherein, Sin(t)nFor the amplitude energy of multi-component earthquake data, DiIt is mended for the geometrical attenuation of i-th of sea water layer structure
Repay the factor, Sout1(t)nFor the amplitude energy of compensated multi-component earthquake data；By formula (9) to multi-component earthquake data
Amplitude energy carry out shunting correction:
Sout2(t)n=TiSout1(t)n (9)
Wherein, Sout2(t)nFor the amplitude energy of the multi-component earthquake data after compensating and correcting, TiFor i-th of sea water layer
The transmission compensation factor of structure, n are component serial number.
According to another aspect of the invention, it is proposed that a kind of multi-component earthquake data amplitude energy compensation and school in the seawater
Positive system, which is characterized in that the system includes: memory, is stored with computer executable instructions；Processor, the processor
The computer executable instructions in the memory are run, following steps are executed: calculating seawater physical parametric data；According to described
Seawater physical parametric data calculates the geometrical attenuation compensation factor of seismic wave field；It is scanned, counts for multi-component seismic trace gather
It calculates per incidence angle θ together；According to the seawater physical parametric data, each corresponding sea water layer knot of the incidence angle is calculated
The transmission coefficient of structure, and then calculate transmission compensation factor；According to the geometrical attenuation compensation factor and transmission compensation factor, to more
Amplitude energy in component earthquake data carries out shunting compensation and correction.
Preferably, the seawater physical parametric data includes that seawater pressure, seawater acoustic speed, density of sea water become with depth
Change density of sea water under data, standard atmospheric pressure.
Preferably, the seawater acoustic speed is calculated by formula (1):
Wherein, D is depth, and S is salinity, and T is temperature, and v is the seawater sound wave speed of different depth, salinity and temperature in seawater
Degree.
Preferably, the seawater pressure is calculated by formula (2):
Wherein, P is seawater pressure with change in depth data, C1For calculating parameter,L
For exploration area latitude；Density of sea water under the standard atmospheric pressure is calculated by formula (3):
Wherein, den0For density of sea water under standard atmospheric pressure, b0=8.24493e-1, b1=-4.0899e-3, b2=
7.6438e-5, b3=-8.2467e-7, b4=5.3875e-9, c0=-5.72466e-3, c1=+1.0227e-4, c2=-
1.6546e-6, d0=-8.2467e-7, den1=ao+ (a1+ (a2+ (a3+ (a4+a5*T68) * T68) * T68) * T68) * T68, a0
=999.842594, a1=-6.793952e-2, a2=-9.09529e-3, a3=1.001685e-4, a4=-1.120083e-6,
A5=6.536332e-9。
Preferably, the density of sea water is calculated with change in depth data by formula (4):
Wherein, den0For density of sea water under standard atmospheric pressure, pe=P/10, K=K0+ (A+B*P) * P,f0
=+54.6746, f1=-0.603459, f2=+1.09987e-2, f3=-6.1670e-5, g0=+1.6483e-2, g1=+
1.6483e-2, g2=-5.3009e-4, KW=eo+ (e1+ (e2+ (e3+e4T68) * T68) * T68) * T68, e0=19652.21,
E1=+148.4206, e2=-2.327105, e3=+1.360477e-2, e4=+5.155288e-5,J0=1.91075e-4, i0=2.2838e-3, i1=-
1.0981e-5, i2=-1.6078e-6, AW=h0+ (h1+ (h2+h3*T68) * T68) * T68, h0=+3.239908, h1=+
1.43713e-3, h2=+1.16092e-4, h3=-5.77905e-7, B=BW+ (m0+ (m1+m2*T68) * T68) * S, m0=-
9.9348e-7, m1=+2.0816e-8, m2=9.1697e-10, BW=k0+ (k1+k2*T68) * T68, k0=+8.50935e-5,
K1=-6.12293e-6, k2=5.2787e-8。
Preferably, the geometrical attenuation compensation factor is calculated by formula (5):
Wherein, DiFor the geometrical attenuation compensation factor of i-th of sea water layer structure, VdAnd TdRespectively sound wave is passed along seawater
When the root mean sequare velocity and propagation travelling in ray path broadcast, VminFor the minimum value of seawater acoustic speed.
Preferably, according to stacked section source wavelet and multi-component seismic frequency band, the equivalent layer thickness of seawater is determined, in turn
Determine multiple sea water layer structures.
Preferably, the transmission coefficient of each corresponding sea water layer structure of the incidence angle is calculated by formula (6):
Tn=Tρ+Tv (6)
Wherein, TnFor the transmission coefficient of each corresponding sea water layer structure of incidence angle, TρFor according to density of sea water layering with
The transmission coefficient of incidence angle variation,Δ ρ is the density of sea water of lower layer's sea water layer structure and upper ocean water layer structure
Difference, ρ are the density of sea water of lower layer's sea water layer structure, TvTo be layered the transmission system changed with incidence angle according to seawater acoustic speed
Number,Δ v is that lower layer's sea water layer structure and the seawater acoustic speed of upper ocean water layer structure are poor, v
For the seawater acoustic speed of lower layer's sea water layer structure；The transmission compensation factor is calculated by formula (7):
Wherein, TiFor the transmission compensation factor of i-th of sea water layer structure.
Preferably, shunting compensation is carried out by amplitude energy of the formula (8) to multi-component earthquake data:
Sout1(t)n=DiSin(t)n (8)
Wherein, Sin(t)nFor the amplitude energy of multi-component earthquake data, DiIt is mended for the geometrical attenuation of i-th of sea water layer structure
Repay the factor, Sout1(t)nFor the amplitude energy of compensated multi-component earthquake data；By formula (9) to multi-component earthquake data
Amplitude energy carry out shunting correction:
Sout2(t)n=TiSout1(t)n (9)
Wherein, Sout2(t)nFor the amplitude energy of the multi-component earthquake data after compensating and correcting, TiFor i-th of sea water layer
The transmission compensation factor of structure, n are component serial number.
The beneficial effect is that:
(1) by calculating the velocity field and density field information of variation of seawater, realize accurately seek seismic wave in speed change degree and
The decaying and variation of energy in the sea water layer of density；
(2) by analysis earthquake multi-component data, the geometry of speed change degree and the seimic wave propagation in density sea water layer is sought
The diffusion compensation factor and transmission compensation factor, thus realize the amplitude compensation to deep water multi-component earthquake data and correction, so that
Deep water multi-component earthquake data more accurately reflects the physical property infomation of the following medium in seabed, is deep water seismic data prestack inversion
It provides and more accurately protects width data.
Methods and apparatus of the present invention has other characteristics and advantages, these characteristics and advantages are attached from what is be incorporated herein
It will be apparent in figure and subsequent specific embodiment, or will be in the attached drawing being incorporated herein and subsequent specific reality
It applies in mode and is stated in detail, the drawings and the detailed description together serve to explain specific principles of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Exemplary embodiment of the present is described in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, of the invention is above-mentioned and other
Purpose, feature and advantage will be apparent, wherein in exemplary embodiments of the present invention, identical reference label is usual
Represent same parts.
Fig. 1 shows multi-component earthquake data according to the present invention amplitude energy compensation and the step of bearing calibration in the seawater
Rapid flow chart.
Fig. 2 shows the schematic diagrames that sea water layer according to an embodiment of the invention interferes earthquake data dissemination.
Fig. 3 shows temperature and salinity according to an embodiment of the invention with the schematic diagram of change in depth.
Fig. 4 shows pressure, speed and density according to an embodiment of the invention with the schematic diagram of change in depth.
Fig. 5 a, Fig. 5 b and Fig. 5 c respectively illustrate X-component according to an embodiment of the invention it is original, compensation after,
The diagrammatic cross-section of compensation and the seismic data amplitude energy compensation front and back after correction.
Fig. 6 a, Fig. 6 b and Fig. 6 c respectively illustrate Y-component according to an embodiment of the invention it is original, compensation after,
The diagrammatic cross-section of compensation and the seismic data amplitude energy after correction.
Fig. 7 a, Fig. 7 b and Fig. 7 c respectively illustrate Z component according to an embodiment of the invention it is original, compensation after,
The diagrammatic cross-section of compensation and the seismic data amplitude energy after correction.
Fig. 8 a, Fig. 8 b and Fig. 8 c respectively illustrate C component according to an embodiment of the invention it is original, compensation after,
The diagrammatic cross-section of compensation and the seismic data amplitude energy after correction.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing the preferred embodiment of the present invention in attached drawing,
However, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the present invention and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein.On the contrary, providing
These embodiments are of the invention more thorough and complete in order to make, and can will fully convey the scope of the invention to ability
The technical staff in domain.
Fig. 1 shows multi-component earthquake data according to the present invention amplitude energy compensation and the step of bearing calibration in the seawater
Rapid flow chart.
In this embodiment, multi-component earthquake data according to the present invention amplitude energy compensation and bearing calibration in the seawater
It may include: step 101, calculate seawater physical parametric data；Step 102, according to seawater physical parametric data, seismic wave is calculated
The geometrical attenuation compensation factor of field；Step 103, it is scanned, is calculated per incidence angle θ together for multi-component seismic trace gather；
Step 104, according to seawater physical parametric data, the transmission coefficient of each corresponding sea water layer structure of incidence angle is calculated, in turn
Calculate transmission compensation factor；Step 105, according to geometrical attenuation compensation factor and transmission compensation factor, to multi-component earthquake data
In amplitude energy carry out shunting compensation and correction.
In one example, seawater physical parametric data includes seawater pressure, seawater acoustic speed, density of sea water with depth
Density of sea water under delta data, standard atmospheric pressure.
In one example, seawater acoustic speed is calculated by formula (1):
Wherein, D is depth, and S is salinity, and T is temperature, and v is the seawater sound wave speed of different depth, salinity and temperature in seawater
Degree.
In one example, seawater pressure is calculated by formula (2):
Wherein, P is seawater pressure with change in depth data, C1For calculating parameter,L
For exploration area latitude；Density of sea water under standard atmospheric pressure is calculated by formula (3):
Wherein, den0For density of sea water under standard atmospheric pressure, b0=8.24493e-1, b1=-4.0899e-3, b2=
7.6438e-5, b3=-8.2467e-7, b4=5.3875e-9, c0=-5.72466e-3, c1=+1.0227e-4, c2=-
1.6546e-6, d0=-8.2467e-7, den1=ao+ (a1+ (a2+ (a3+ (a4+a5*T68) * T68) * T68) * T68) * T68, a0
=999.842594, a1=-6.793952e-2, a2=-9.09529e-3, a3=1.001685e-4, a4=-1.120083e-6,
A5=6.536332e-9, above-mentioned parameter is calculating parameter, for simplified formula.
In one example, density of sea water is calculated with change in depth data by formula (4):
Wherein, den0For density of sea water under standard atmospheric pressure, pe=P/10, K=K0+ (A+B*P) * P,f0
=+54.6746, f1=-0.603459, f2=+1.09987e-2, f3=-6.1670e-5, g0=+1.6483e-2, g1=+
1.6483e-2, g2=-5.3009e-4, KW=eo+ (e1+ (e2+ (e3+e4T68) * T68) * T68) * T68, e0=19652.21,
E1=+148.4206, e2=-2.327105, e3=+1.360477e-2, e4=+5.155288e-5,J0=1.91075e-4, i0=2.2838e-3, i1=-
1.0981e-5, i2=-1.6078e-6, AW=h0+ (h1+ (h2+h3*T68) * T68) * T68, h0=+3.239908, h1=+
1.43713e-3, h2=+1.16092e-4, h3=-5.77905e-7, B=BW+ (m0+ (m1+m2*T68) * T68) * S, m0=-
9.9348e-7, m1=+2.0816e-8, m2=9.1697e-10, BW=k0+ (k1+k2*T68) * T68, k0=+8.50935e-5,
K1=-6.12293e-6, k2=5.2787e-8, above-mentioned parameter is calculating parameter, for simplified formula.
In one example, pass through formula (5) the computational geometry diffusion compensation factor:
Wherein, DiFor the geometrical attenuation compensation factor of i-th of sea water layer structure, VdAnd TdRespectively sound wave is passed along seawater
When the root mean sequare velocity and propagation travelling in ray path broadcast, VminFor the minimum value of seawater acoustic speed.
In one example, according to stacked section source wavelet and multi-component seismic frequency band, the equivalent thickness of seawater is determined
Degree, and then determine multiple sea water layer structures.
In one example, the transmission coefficient of each corresponding sea water layer structure of incidence angle is calculated by formula (6):
Tn=Tρ+Tv (6)
Wherein, TnFor the transmission coefficient of each corresponding sea water layer structure of incidence angle, TρFor according to density of sea water layering with
The transmission coefficient of incidence angle variation,Δ ρ is the density of sea water of lower layer's sea water layer structure and upper ocean water layer structure
Difference, ρ are the density of sea water of lower layer's sea water layer structure, TvTo be layered the transmission system changed with incidence angle according to seawater acoustic speed
Number,Δ v is that lower layer's sea water layer structure and the seawater acoustic speed of upper ocean water layer structure are poor, v
For the seawater acoustic speed of lower layer's sea water layer structure；Transmission compensation factor is calculated by formula (7):
Wherein, TiFor the transmission compensation factor of i-th of sea water layer structure.
In one example, shunting compensation is carried out by amplitude energy of the formula (8) to multi-component earthquake data:
Sout1(t)n=DiSin(t)n (8)
Wherein, Sin(t)nFor the amplitude energy of multi-component earthquake data, DiIt is mended for the geometrical attenuation of i-th of sea water layer structure
Repay the factor, Sout1(t)nFor the amplitude energy of compensated multi-component earthquake data；By formula (9) to multi-component earthquake data
Amplitude energy carry out shunting correction:
Sout2(t)n=TiSout1(t)n (9)
Wherein, Sout2(t)nFor the amplitude energy of the multi-component earthquake data after compensating and correcting, TiFor i-th of sea water layer
The transmission compensation factor of structure, n are component serial number.
Specifically, amplitude energy compensation can wrap multi-component earthquake data according to the present invention with bearing calibration in the seawater
It includes:
The dimensional information that seismic grid region can be accurately obtained when earthquake-capturing, it is open by U.S. ocean office ocean
Database information obtains the temperature in seismic grid region, salinity with the delta data of depth, and sea is calculated on the basis of this data
Water physical parametric data, including seawater pressure, seawater acoustic speed, density of sea water are depressed with change in depth data, normal atmosphere
Density of sea water, calculates seawater acoustic speed by formula (1), calculates seawater pressure by formula (2), is calculated by formula (3)
Density of sea water under standard atmospheric pressure, and then density of sea water is calculated with change in depth data by formula (4).
According to stacked section source wavelet and multi-component seismic frequency band, the equivalent layer thickness of seawater is determined, and then determination is more
A sea water layer structure.Fig. 2 shows the signals that sea water layer according to an embodiment of the invention interferes earthquake data dissemination
Figure, SHOT indicate that focal point, REI indicate receiving point, HVFor the vertical depth of ocean at shot point, seismic observation system can be passed through
Deng acquisition, HdFor seimic wave propagation to the diffusion path length of each wave detector, can by seismic data trace header information acquisition,
viIndicate the seawater acoustic speed of i-th of sea water layer structure, tiIndicate the vertical time of i-th of sea water layer structure, vdFor along wave
The root mean sequare velocity in ray path propagated in the seawater, ρiIndicate the density of sea water of i-th of sea water layer structure, TdFor along
When propagation in the ray path that wave is propagated in the seawater is travelled, vd、Hd、TdAnd viMeet formula (10), (11):
According to root mean sequare velocity, the minimum value travelled when with seawater acoustic speed is propagated, passes through formula (5) and calculates seismic wave
The geometrical attenuation compensation factor of i-th of sea water layer structure of field.
It is scanned, is calculated per incidence angle θ together for multi-component seismic trace gather；According to seawater physical parametric data,
The transmission coefficient of each corresponding sea water layer structure of incidence angle is calculated by formula (6), and then calculates i-th by formula (7)
The transmission compensation factor of a sea water layer structure.According to geometrical attenuation compensation factor and transmission compensation factor, by formula (8) to every
The amplitude energy of the multi-component earthquake data of one sea water layer structure carries out shunting compensation, by formula (9) to each seawater
The amplitude energy of the multi-component earthquake data of layer structure carries out shunting correction.
Velocity field and density field information and geometrical attenuation compensation factor of this method by calculating variation of seawater, realization pair
The amplitude compensation of deep water multi-component earthquake data and correction.
Using example
A concrete application example is given below in the scheme and its effect of the embodiment of the present invention for ease of understanding.This field
It should be understood to the one skilled in the art that the example is only for the purposes of understanding the present invention, any detail is not intended to be limited in any way
The system present invention.
One embodiment of the present of invention is described referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, Fig. 3 shows according to an embodiment of the invention
Temperature and salinity with change in depth schematic diagram.Fig. 4 shows pressure, speed and density according to an embodiment of the invention
With the schematic diagram of change in depth.
Amplitude energy compensation with bearing calibration may include: multi-component earthquake data according to the present invention in the seawater
The dimensional information that seismic grid region is obtained when earthquake-capturing passes through U.S. ocean office ocean open database information
Obtain the temperature in seismic grid region, salinity with depth delta data, as shown in figure 3, calculating sea on the basis of this data
Water physical parametric data, including seawater pressure, seawater acoustic speed, density of sea water are depressed with change in depth data, normal atmosphere
Density of sea water, calculates seawater acoustic speed by formula (1), calculates seawater pressure by formula (2), is calculated by formula (3)
Density of sea water under standard atmospheric pressure, as shown in figure 4, calculating density of sea water with change in depth data by formula (4) in turn.
According to stacked section source wavelet and multi-component seismic frequency band, the equivalent layer thickness of seawater is determined, and then determination is more
A sea water layer structure.The root mean square in the ray path propagated in the seawater along wave is calculated by formula (10), (11) respectively
When speed and propagation are travelled, according to root mean sequare velocity, the minimum value travelled when with seawater acoustic speed is propagated, is passed through formula (5)
Calculate the geometrical attenuation compensation factor of i-th of sea water layer structure of seismic wave field.
It is scanned, is calculated per incidence angle θ together for multi-component seismic trace gather；According to seawater physical parametric data,
The transmission coefficient of each corresponding sea water layer structure of incidence angle is calculated by formula (6), and then calculates i-th by formula (7)
The transmission compensation factor of a sea water layer structure.According to geometrical attenuation compensation factor and transmission compensation factor, by formula (8) to more
The amplitude energy of component earthquake data carries out shunting compensation, is carried out by amplitude energy of the formula (9) to multi-component earthquake data
Shunting correction.
Fig. 5 a, Fig. 5 b and Fig. 5 c respectively illustrate X-component according to an embodiment of the invention it is original, compensation after,
The diagrammatic cross-section of compensation and the seismic data amplitude energy compensation front and back after correction.
Fig. 6 a, Fig. 6 b and Fig. 6 c respectively illustrate Y-component according to an embodiment of the invention it is original, compensation after,
The diagrammatic cross-section of compensation and the seismic data amplitude energy after correction.
Fig. 7 a, Fig. 7 b and Fig. 7 c respectively illustrate Z component according to an embodiment of the invention it is original, compensation after,
The diagrammatic cross-section of compensation and the seismic data amplitude energy after correction.
Fig. 8 a, Fig. 8 b and Fig. 8 c respectively illustrate C component according to an embodiment of the invention it is original, compensation after,
The diagrammatic cross-section of compensation and the seismic data amplitude energy after correction.
As seen from the figure, after each component compensation, the weak position amplitude energy of original amplitude energy is enhanced, after correction
Amplitude energy is restored with the variation of offset distance, eliminates the influence of the amplitude as caused by seawater.
In conclusion the present invention by calculate variation of seawater velocity field and density field information and geometrical attenuation compensation because
Son realizes the amplitude compensation to deep water multi-component earthquake data and correction.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that above to the purpose of the description of the embodiment of the present invention only for illustratively saying
The beneficial effect of bright the embodiment of the present invention is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to given any example.
According to an embodiment of the invention, providing a kind of multi-component earthquake data amplitude energy compensation and correction in the seawater
System, which is characterized in that the system includes: memory, is stored with computer executable instructions；Processor, the processor fortune
Computer executable instructions in the row memory, execute following steps: calculating seawater physical parametric data；According to seawater object
Supplemental characteristic is managed, the geometrical attenuation compensation factor of seismic wave field is calculated；It is scanned, calculates each for multi-component seismic trace gather
The incidence angle θ in road；According to seawater physical parametric data, the transmission coefficient of each corresponding sea water layer structure of incidence angle is calculated,
And then calculate transmission compensation factor；According to geometrical attenuation compensation factor and transmission compensation factor, in multi-component earthquake data
Amplitude energy carries out shunting compensation and correction.
In one example, seawater physical parametric data includes seawater pressure, seawater acoustic speed, density of sea water with depth
Density of sea water under delta data, standard atmospheric pressure.
In one example, seawater acoustic speed is calculated by formula (1):
Wherein, D is depth, and S is salinity, and T is temperature, and v is the seawater sound wave speed of different depth, salinity and temperature in seawater
Degree.
In one example, the seawater pressure is calculated by formula (2):
Wherein, P is seawater pressure with change in depth data, C1For calculating parameter,L
For exploration area latitude；Density of sea water under standard atmospheric pressure is calculated by formula (3):
Wherein, den0For density of sea water under standard atmospheric pressure, b0=8.24493e-1, b1=-4.0899e-3, b2=
7.6438e-5, b3=-8.2467e-7, b4=5.3875e-9, c0=-5.72466e-3, c1=+1.0227e-4, c2=-
1.6546e-6, d0=-8.2467e-7, den1=ao+ (a1+ (a2+ (a3+ (a4+a5*T68) * T68) * T68) * T68) * T68, a0
=999.842594, a1=-6.793952e-2, a2=-9.09529e-3, a3=1.001685e-4, a4=-1.120083e-6,
A5=6.536332e-9, above-mentioned parameter is calculating parameter, for simplified formula.
In one example, density of sea water is calculated with change in depth data by formula (4):
Wherein, den0For density of sea water under standard atmospheric pressure, pe=P/10, K=K0+ (A+B*P) * P,f0
=+54.6746, f1=-0.603459, f2=+1.09987e-2, f3=-6.1670e-5, g0=+1.6483e-2, g1=+
1.6483e-2, g2=-5.3009e-4, KW=eo+ (e1+ (e2+ (e3+e4T68) * T68) * T68) * T68, e0=19652.21,
E1=+148.4206, e2=-2.327105, e3=+1.360477e-2, e4=+5.155288e-5,J0=1.91075e-4, i0=2.2838e-3, i1=-
1.0981e-5, i2=-1.6078e-6, AW=h0+ (h1+ (h2+h3*T68) * T68) * T68, h0=+3.239908, h1=+
1.43713e-3, h2=+1.16092e-4, h3=-5.77905e-7, B=BW+ (m0+ (m1+m2*T68) * T68) * S, m0=-
9.9348e-7, m1=+2.0816e-8, m2=9.1697e-10, BW=k0+ (k1+k2*T68) * T68, k0=+8.50935e-5,
K1=-6.12293e-6, k2=5.2787e-8, above-mentioned parameter is calculating parameter, for simplified formula.
In one example, pass through formula (5) the computational geometry diffusion compensation factor:
Wherein, DiFor the geometrical attenuation compensation factor of i-th of sea water layer structure, VdAnd TdRespectively sound wave is passed along seawater
When the root mean sequare velocity and propagation travelling in ray path broadcast, VminFor the minimum value of seawater acoustic speed.
In one example, according to stacked section source wavelet and multi-component seismic frequency band, the equivalent thickness of seawater is determined
Degree, and then determine multiple sea water layer structures.
In one example, the transmission coefficient of each corresponding sea water layer structure of incidence angle is calculated by formula (6):
Tn=Tρ+Tv (6)
Wherein, TnFor the transmission coefficient of each corresponding sea water layer structure of incidence angle, TρFor according to density of sea water layering with
The transmission coefficient of incidence angle variation,Δ ρ is the density of sea water of lower layer's sea water layer structure and upper ocean water layer structure
Difference, ρ are the density of sea water of lower layer's sea water layer structure, TvTo be layered the transmission system changed with incidence angle according to seawater acoustic speed
Number,Δ v is that lower layer's sea water layer structure and the seawater acoustic speed of upper ocean water layer structure are poor, v
For the seawater acoustic speed of lower layer's sea water layer structure；Transmission compensation factor is calculated by formula (7):
Wherein, TiFor the transmission compensation factor of i-th of sea water layer structure.
In one example, shunting compensation is carried out by amplitude energy of the formula (8) to multi-component earthquake data:
Sout1(t)n=DiSin(t)n (8)
Wherein, Sin(t)nFor the amplitude energy of multi-component earthquake data, DiIt is mended for the geometrical attenuation of i-th of sea water layer structure
Repay the factor, Sout1(t)nFor the amplitude energy of compensated multi-component earthquake data；By formula (9) to multi-component earthquake data
Amplitude energy carry out shunting correction:
Sout2(t)n=TiSout1(t)n (9)
Wherein, Sout2(t)nFor the amplitude energy of the multi-component earthquake data after compensating and correcting, TiFor i-th of sea water layer
The transmission compensation factor of structure, n are component serial number.
Velocity field and density field information and geometrical attenuation compensation factor of this system by calculating variation of seawater, realization pair
The amplitude compensation of deep water multi-component earthquake data and correction.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that above to the purpose of the description of the embodiment of the present invention only for illustratively saying
The beneficial effect of bright the embodiment of the present invention is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to given any example.
Various embodiments of the present invention are described above, above description is exemplary, and non-exclusive, and
It is not limited to disclosed each embodiment.Without departing from the scope and spirit of illustrated each embodiment, for this skill
Many modifications and changes are obvious for the those of ordinary skill in art field.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of amplitude energy compensation and the bearing calibration in the seawater of multi-component earthquake data characterized by comprising
Calculate seawater physical parametric data；
According to the seawater physical parametric data, the geometrical attenuation compensation factor of seismic wave field is calculated；
It is scanned, is calculated per incidence angle θ together for multi-component seismic trace gather；
According to the seawater physical parametric data, the transmission coefficient of each corresponding sea water layer structure of the incidence angle is calculated,
And then calculate transmission compensation factor；
According to the geometrical attenuation compensation factor and transmission compensation factor, the amplitude energy in multi-component earthquake data is divided
Road compensation and correction.
2. multi-component earthquake data according to claim 1 amplitude energy compensation and bearing calibration in the seawater, wherein institute
Stating seawater physical parametric data includes seawater pressure, seawater acoustic speed, density of sea water with change in depth data, standard atmospheric pressure
Lower density of sea water.
3. multi-component earthquake data according to claim 2 amplitude energy compensation and bearing calibration in the seawater, wherein logical
It crosses formula (1) and calculates the seawater acoustic speed:
Wherein, D is depth, and S is salinity, and T is temperature, and v is the seawater acoustic speed of different depth, salinity and temperature in seawater.
4. multi-component earthquake data according to claim 2 amplitude energy compensation and bearing calibration in the seawater, wherein logical
It crosses formula (2) and calculates the seawater pressure:
Wherein, P is seawater pressure with change in depth data, C1For calculating parameter,L
For exploration area latitude；
Density of sea water under the standard atmospheric pressure is calculated by formula (3):
Wherein, den0For density of sea water under standard atmospheric pressure, T68=T*1.00024, b0=8.24493e-1, b1=-4.0899e-3, b2=7.6438e-5, b3=-8.2467e-7, b4=5.3875e-9, c0=-5.72466e-3, c1=+1.0227e-4, c2
=-1.6546e-6, d0=-8.2467e-7, den1=ao+ (a1+ (a2+ (a3+ (a4+a5*T68) * T68) * T68) * T68) *
T68, a0=999.842594, a1=-6.793952e-2, a2=-9.09529e-3, a3=1.001685e-4, a4=-
1.120083e-6, a5=6.536332e-9。
5. multi-component earthquake data according to claim 4 amplitude energy compensation and bearing calibration in the seawater, wherein logical
It crosses formula (4) and calculates the density of sea water with change in depth data:
Wherein, den0For density of sea water under standard atmospheric pressure, pe=P/10, K=K0+ (A+B*P) * P,f0
=+54.6746, f1=-0.603459, f2=+1.09987e-2, f3=-6.1670e-5, g0=+1.6483e-2, g1=+
1.6483e-2, g2=-5.3009e-4, KW=eo+ (e1+ (e2+ (e3+e4T68) * T68) * T68) * T68, e0=19652.21,
E1=+148.4206, e2=-2.327105, e3=+1.360477e-2, e4=+5.155288e-5,J0=1.91075e-4, i0=2.2838e-3, i1=-
1.0981e-5, i2=-1.6078e-6, AW=h0+ (h1+ (h2+h3*T68) * T68) * T68, h0=+3.239908, h1=+
1.43713e-3, h2=+1.16092e-4, h3=-5.77905e-7, B=BW+ (m0+ (m1+m2*T68) * T68) * S, m0=-
9.9348e-7, m1=+2.0816e-8, m2=9.1697e-10, BW=k0+ (k1+k2*T68) * T68, k0=+8.50935e-5,
K1=-6.12293e-6, k2=5.2787e-8。
6. multi-component earthquake data according to claim 1 amplitude energy compensation and bearing calibration in the seawater, wherein logical
It crosses formula (5) and calculates the geometrical attenuation compensation factor:
Wherein, DiFor the geometrical attenuation compensation factor of i-th of sea water layer structure, VdAnd TdRespectively sound wave is water-borne along sea
When root mean sequare velocity and propagation in ray path are travelled, VminFor the minimum value of seawater acoustic speed.
7. multi-component earthquake data according to claim 6 amplitude energy compensation and bearing calibration in the seawater, wherein root
According to stacked section source wavelet and multi-component seismic frequency band, the equivalent layer thickness of seawater is determined, and then determine multiple sea water layer knots
Structure.
8. multi-component earthquake data according to claim 7 amplitude energy compensation and bearing calibration in the seawater, wherein logical
Cross the transmission coefficient that formula (6) calculate each corresponding sea water layer structure of the incidence angle:
Tn=Tρ+Tv (6)
Wherein, TnFor the transmission coefficient of each corresponding sea water layer structure of incidence angle, TρTo be layered according to density of sea water with incidence
The transmission coefficient of angle variation,Δ ρ is that lower layer's sea water layer structure and the density of sea water of upper ocean water layer structure are poor, ρ
For the density of sea water of lower layer's sea water layer structure, TvTo be layered the transmission coefficient changed with incidence angle according to seawater acoustic speed,Δ v is that lower layer's sea water layer structure and the seawater acoustic speed of upper ocean water layer structure are poor, under v is
The seawater acoustic speed of layer sea water layer structure；
The transmission compensation factor is calculated by formula (7):
Wherein, TiFor the transmission compensation factor of i-th of sea water layer structure.
9. multi-component earthquake data according to claim 8 amplitude energy compensation and bearing calibration in the seawater, wherein logical
It crosses formula (8) and shunting compensation is carried out to the amplitude energy of multi-component earthquake data:
Sout1(t)n=DiSin(t)n (8)
Wherein, Sin(t)nFor the amplitude energy of multi-component earthquake data, DiFor i-th sea water layer structure geometrical attenuation compensation because
Son, Sout1(t)nFor the amplitude energy of compensated multi-component earthquake data；
Shunting correction is carried out by amplitude energy of the formula (9) to multi-component earthquake data:
Sout2(t)n=TiSout1(t)n (9)
Wherein, Sout2(t)nFor the amplitude energy of the multi-component earthquake data after compensating and correcting, TiFor i-th of sea water layer structure
Transmission compensation factor, n be component serial number.
10. amplitude energy compensates and correction system a kind of multi-component earthquake data in the seawater, which is characterized in that the system packet
It includes:
Memory is stored with computer executable instructions；
Processor, the processor run the computer executable instructions in the memory, execute following steps:
Calculate seawater physical parametric data；
According to stacked section source wavelet and multi-component seismic frequency band, the equivalent layer thickness of seawater is determined, and then determine multiple seas
Water layer structures；
According to the seawater physical parametric data, the geometrical attenuation compensation factor of seismic wave field is calculated；
It is scanned, is calculated per incidence angle θ together for multi-component seismic trace gather；
According to the seawater physical parametric data, the transmission coefficient of each corresponding sea water layer structure of the incidence angle is calculated,
And then calculate transmission compensation factor；
According to the geometrical attenuation compensation factor and transmission compensation factor, the amplitude energy in multi-component earthquake data is divided
Road compensation and correction.
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