CN106199699B - The method for removing ghost reflection using transfer matrix method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of method for removing ghost reflection using transfer matrix method, including：Obtain the single-channel seismic data received by each wave detector；Establish ghost reflection transmission matrix equation：Gm=d solves the model data vector m without ghost reflection using the generalized inverse of G matrix；M is the model data vector without ghost reflection；D is the observation data vector comprising ghost reflection；For the single-channel seismic data received by each wave detector, repeating said steps S2 is to remove the ghost reflection noise in single-channel seismic data, and until the seismic channel data for receiving all wave detectors is disposed, finally output is free of the seismic data of ghost reflection noise.The present invention effectively avoids the problem that not having source wavelet in processing, goes ghost reflection method simple, obtained result high resolution, frequency band broadens.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to reflected seismic information processing technology fields in seismic prospecting, more particularly to a kind of to utilize transmission matrix
The method that method removes ghost reflection.
Background technology
Ghost reflection is a kind of very strong interference wave in offshore seismic exploration, it is tightly propagated after primary wave, also can
It is received by the wave detector in towing cable.Marine streamer earthquake-capturing is usually by focus and wave detector sinking to a underwater depthkeeping
Degree, after epicenter excitation goes out wavelet, seismic wave also upwardly propagates (abbreviation uplink while propagating (abbreviation down going wave) downwards
Wave).Since seawater face is a very strong wave impedance interface, reflection is will produce when upgoing wave reaches sea, is propagated still further below；Together
Reason, the seismic wave returned by subsurface reflective, some directly reach wave detector, and some continues up propagation, arrived after sea surface reflection
Up to wave detector, this sea surface reflection wave is known as ghosting (also referred to as ghost reflection).
From earthquake record, ghost reflection lineups are mixed with primary wave lineups, it is difficult to they are distinguished, this
It is unfavorable to subsequent explanation work.In addition, due to the influence of ghost reflection, periodically occurs a system on the frequency spectrum of seismic data
Row trap wave point limits the width of effective band, has lost a part of significant low-frequency information and high-frequency information, especially one
Part is imaged significantly low-frequency information for plastid deeper.
The main method of compacting ghost reflection is divided into two kinds at present：
(1) set about from acquisition, such as：Submarine cable acquisition (OBC), dual sensor acquisition, is tiltedly dragged at the acquisition of upper and lower paired cable
Cable acquisition etc., coordinates corresponding treatment technology that can suppress ghost reflection to a certain extent.Ghost reflection is removed by the method for acquisition to make an uproar
The processing procedure of sound somewhat expensive, later stage is also very complicated.
(2) the ghost reflection drawing method based on wavelet deconvolution processing, records related source wavelet in gatherer process.By
Change and explore environmental change in offset distance, and same work area removes ghost reflection noise, effect with collected unique source wavelet
Fruit can also give a discount.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention aims to solve at least one of described technological deficiency.
For this purpose, it is an object of the invention to propose a kind of method for removing ghost reflection using transfer matrix method, effectively avoid locating
There is no the problem of source wavelet in reason, go ghost reflection method simple, obtained result high resolution, frequency band broadens.
To achieve the goals above, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method for removing ghost reflection using transfer matrix method,
Include the following steps：
Step S1 obtains the single-channel seismic data received by each wave detector；
Step S2 establishes ghost reflection transmission matrix equation：Gm=d solves the mould without ghost reflection using the generalized inverse of G matrix
Type data vector m,
Wherein, G is the transmission matrix of ghost reflection, 1 to -1 in G matrix column vector between neutral element determined by the delay time of ghost reflection
It is fixed, obtain the delay time of ghost reflection according to the depth of focus and wave detector, i.e., the underwater depth of focus and wave detector institute divided by
The speed of seawater；M is the model data vector without ghost reflection；D is the observation data vector comprising ghost reflection；
Step S3, for the single-channel seismic data received by each wave detector, repeating said steps S2 is to remove single track
Ghost reflection noise in seismic data, until the seismic channel data for receiving all wave detectors is disposed, finally output is free of
The model data vector m of ghost reflection.
Further, in the step S2,
The ghost reflection transmission matrix equation：Gm=d is expressed as:
Further, in the step S2, the generalized inverse using G matrix solve the model data without ghost reflection to
M is measured, is indicated as follows:
M=[GTG]-1GTd。
Further, in the step S1, the single-channel seismic data received by each wave detector include：Excite single source
Depth under water where place depth under water and receiving point wave detector.
Further, in the step S3, for the single-channel seismic data received by each wave detector, the step is repeated
Rapid S2 is included the following steps with removing the ghost reflection noise in single-channel seismic data：
First, it according to depth under water repeating said steps S2 where excitation single source, removes ghost reflection caused by focus and makes an uproar
Sound；
Then, according to depth under water repeating said steps S2 where receiving point wave detector, receiving point ghost reflection noise is removed, directly
It is disposed to the seismic channel data for receiving all wave detectors；
Finally, by the above-mentioned removing to ghost reflection noise in excitation single source and receiving point wave detector, output is free of ghost reflection
Model data vector.
The method according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention for removing ghost reflection using transfer matrix method, it is only necessary to know that offshore seismic exploration
The depth of focus and wave detector, you can the ghost reflection that seismic data includes is handled, handling result objective reality.This hair
The bright matrix by using marine seismic data ghost reflection is similar to description method, by crossing the mathematical operation of the generalized inversion method just
The ghost reflection in seismic data can be removed, effectively avoids the problem that not having source wavelet in processing, goes ghost reflection method simple, obtain
As a result high resolution, frequency band broaden.
The additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will be set forth in part in the description, and will partly become from the following description
Obviously, or practice through the invention is recognized.
Description of the drawings
The above-mentioned and/or additional aspect and advantage of the present invention will become in the description from combination following accompanying drawings to embodiment
Obviously and it is readily appreciated that, wherein：
Fig. 1 is the flow chart according to the method for removing ghost reflection using transfer matrix method of the embodiment of the present invention；
Model after Fig. 2 (a) to (c) the respectively model not comprising ghost reflection, the model comprising ghost reflection and removing ghost reflection shows
It is intended to；
Fig. 3 (a) and (b) are respectively the schematic diagram data after original big gun data and removing ghost reflection.
Specific implementation mode
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in detail, the example of embodiment is shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein identical from beginning to end
Or similar label indicates same or similar element or element with the same or similar functions.It is retouched below with reference to attached drawing
The embodiment stated is exemplary, it is intended to for explaining the present invention, and is not considered as limiting the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the method for removing ghost reflection using transfer matrix method of the embodiment of the present invention, includes the following steps：
Step S1 obtains the single-channel seismic data received by each wave detector.
In one embodiment of the invention, the single-channel seismic data received by each wave detector include：Shot point shakes
Depth under water where depth under water where source and receiving point wave detector.
Step S2 establishes ghost reflection transmission matrix equation：Gm=d is expressed as:
Wherein, G is the transmission matrix of ghost reflection, 1 to -1 in G matrix column vector between neutral element determined by the delay time of ghost reflection
It is fixed, obtain the delay time of ghost reflection according to the depth of focus and wave detector, i.e., the underwater depth of focus and wave detector institute divided by
The speed of seawater.Wherein, seawater speed is generally 1500 meters per second, and reality is by measuring this parameter in seismic prospecting.Such as focus
Hydraulic giant is located at underwater 6 meters, and 1500 metre per second (m/s) of seawater speed, i.e., has 4 by 6 meters/1500 meters/1000 milliseconds=4 milliseconds between 1 and -1
A 0.
M is the model data vector without ghost reflection, and d is the observation data vector comprising ghost reflection.
Then, the model data vector m without ghost reflection is solved using the generalized inverse of G matrix.
M=[GTG]-1GTd
Step S3 repeats step S2 to remove single-channel seismic for the single-channel seismic data received by each wave detector
Ghost reflection noise in data, until the seismic channel data for receiving all wave detectors is disposed, finally output is free of ghost reflection
The seismic data m of noise.
Specifically, first, step S2 is repeated according to depth under water where excitation single source, removes ghost reflection caused by focus
Noise；
Then, step S2 is repeated according to depth under water where receiving point wave detector, removes receiving point ghost reflection noise, until inciting somebody to action
The seismic channel data that all wave detectors receive is disposed；
Finally, by the above-mentioned removing to ghost reflection noise in excitation single source and receiving point wave detector, output is free of ghost reflection
The seismic data of noise.
Front and back effect is removed below with reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 to the ghost reflection of the embodiment of the present invention to illustrate.
Ghost reflection method effect is gone in order to test generalized inversion, the present invention is by taking single reflection horizontal interface model as an example, if shot point
Geophone station is 6 meters deep, 3-120 hertz of band logical wavelet dominant frequency range.Fig. 2 (a) is without ghost reflection model, and Fig. 2 (b) is to be containing depth
The model of 6 meters of shot point and geophone station ghost reflection, Fig. 2 (c) are to show result after Fig. 2 (b) removes shot point ghost reflection and geophone station ghost reflection.
It can clearly see that frequency band narrows after ghost reflection is added in model by Fig. 2 (a) to (c), resolution ratio declines；And after removing ghost reflection
The frequency band of model broadens.
Fig. 3 (a) shows original big gun data, wherein shot point is 6 meters deep, and cable is 6 meters deep (geophone station is 6 meters deep).Fig. 3 (b) shows
The record after the initial data removal ghost reflection of Fig. 3 (a) is gone out, the wherein upper right corner is the frequency spectrum of relative recording.By Fig. 3 (a) and
(b) frequency spectrum can be seen that ghost reflection elimination effect clearly.
The method according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention for removing ghost reflection using transfer matrix method, it is only necessary to know that offshore seismic exploration
The depth of focus and wave detector, you can the ghost reflection that seismic data includes is handled, handling result objective reality.This hair
The bright matrix by using marine seismic data ghost reflection is similar to description method, by crossing the mathematical operation of the generalized inversion method just
The ghost reflection in seismic data can be removed, effectively avoids the problem that not having source wavelet in processing, goes ghost reflection method simple, obtain
As a result high resolution, frequency band broaden.
The method for removing ghost reflection using transfer matrix method of the embodiment of the present invention, by the denoising to real data,
It has the advantages that:
(1) ghost reflection is indicated using approximate matrix, method is simple, and compacting ghost reflection effect is good；
(2) this method can almost be applied to any kind of seafari data volume.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means specific features, structure, material or spy described in conjunction with this embodiment or example
Point is included at least one embodiment or example of the invention.In the present specification, schematic expression of the above terms are not
Centainly refer to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be any
One or more embodiments or example in can be combined in any suitable manner.
Although the embodiments of the present invention has been shown and described above, it is to be understood that above-described embodiment is example
Property, it is not considered as limiting the invention, those skilled in the art are not departing from the principle of the present invention and objective
In the case of can make changes, modifications, alterations, and variations to the above described embodiments within the scope of the invention.The scope of the present invention
It is extremely equally limited by appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method for removing ghost reflection using transfer matrix method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step S1 obtains the single-channel seismic data received by each wave detector；
Step S2 establishes ghost reflection transmission matrix equation：Gm=d solves the pattern number without ghost reflection using the generalized inverse of G matrix
According to vectorial m,
Wherein, G is the transmission matrix of ghost reflection, 1 to -1 in G matrix column vector between neutral element determined by the delay time of ghost reflection,
The delay time of ghost reflection, the i.e. underwater depth of focus and wave detector institute divided by seawater are obtained according to the depth of focus and wave detector
Speed；M is the model data vector without ghost reflection；D is the observation data vector comprising ghost reflection；
Step S3, for the single-channel seismic data received by each wave detector, repeating said steps S2 is to remove single-channel seismic
Ghost reflection noise in data, until the seismic channel data for receiving all wave detectors is disposed, finally output is free of ghost reflection
Model data vector m.
2. the method for removing ghost reflection with transfer matrix method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step S2, institute
State ghost reflection transmission matrix equation：Gm=d is expressed as:
3. the method for removing ghost reflection using transfer matrix method as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that in the step S2
In, the generalized inverse using G matrix solves the model data vector m without ghost reflection, indicates as follows:
M=[GTG]-1GTd。
4. the method for removing ghost reflection using transfer matrix method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step S1
In, the single-channel seismic data received by each wave detector include：Depth under water and receiving point wave detector where exciting single source
Place depth under water.
5. the method for removing ghost reflection using transfer matrix method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that in the step S3
In, for the single-channel seismic data received by each wave detector, repeating said steps S2 is to remove in single-channel seismic data
Ghost reflection noise, includes the following steps：
First, according to depth under water repeating said steps S2 where excitation single source, ghost reflection noise caused by focus is removed；
Then, according to depth under water repeating said steps S2 where receiving point wave detector, receiving point ghost reflection noise is removed, until inciting somebody to action
The seismic channel data that all wave detectors receive is disposed；
Finally, pass through the above-mentioned removing to ghost reflection noise in excitation single source and receiving point wave detector, mould of the output without ghost reflection
Type data vector.
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| CN107450103B (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2020-04-28 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | Ghost wave compression method based on boundary integral inverse operator |
| CN110703332B (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2021-06-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Ghost wave compression method |
| CN110967735A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Self-adaptive ghost wave suppression method and system |
| CN109725352B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2020-04-10 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Reflection time correction method and system for seismic channel |
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| US8116166B2 (en) * | 2007-09-10 | 2012-02-14 | Westerngeco L.L.C. | 3D deghosting of multicomponent or over / under streamer recordings using cross-line wavenumber spectra of hydrophone data |
| US8693282B2 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2014-04-08 | Westerngeco L.L.C. | Deghosting seismic data |
| CN102169189B (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2015-01-14 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Method for eliminating deep water interlamination multiple |
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