CN107589456B - Method and device for acquiring seismic data and computer readable storage medium - Google Patents
Method and device for acquiring seismic data and computer readable storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method and a device for acquiring seismic data and a computer readable storage medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: collecting seismic data through a detector on the cable; wherein the cable is positioned between 15 meters and 50 meters below sea level and is in a horizontal shape; preprocessing the acquired seismic data, and performing Fourier transform on the preprocessed seismic data to obtain frequency domain seismic data; calculating primary wave data according to the frequency domain seismic data; carrying out inverse Fourier transform on the primary wave data to obtain primary wave data of a t-x domain; where t is time and x is offset. The frequency bandwidth of the seismic data acquired between 15 meters and 50 meters is wide, the influence of sea level environment is small, and the signal-to-noise ratio is high; and the requirement on the performance of field equipment is low, and the seismic exploration operation can be implemented under the bad weather condition, so that the operation efficiency is improved, and the exploration cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to marine seismic exploration, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for acquiring seismic data and a computer readable storage medium.
Background
With the exploration and development of oil fields, the frequency requirement on seismic data is higher and higher. The low-frequency information has high reliability, plays a role in inversion, and is favorable for determining the form and the overall structure of the oil field; the high-frequency information is more beneficial to distinguishing fine sand body layering and accurately determining the oil-water boundary, and is particularly important in the development stage of oil-gas fields. The cable depth of the marine conventional streamer acquisition processing technology is generally less than 10 meters (m), the cable depth is influenced by ghost wave trap frequency, the frequency band of seismic data is narrow, the cable depth is seriously influenced by sea surge noise, the signal-to-noise ratio is low, and the requirement of high-resolution seismic exploration cannot be met. Although the offshore variable-depth cable seismic acquisition proposed internationally can obtain broadband seismic data, the requirements on equipment performance indexes (the working depth of a detector generally exceeds 50 meters) are high, the cable cost is high, the control on the cable depth in the acquisition operation process is difficult, and the difficulty of offshore static correction processing and multiple wave suppression is increased because the depth of the detector changes along with the offset distance.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for acquiring seismic data and a computer readable storage medium, which can reduce exploration cost, improve construction efficiency, and acquire seismic data with wide frequency band and high signal-to-noise ratio so as to meet the requirement of high-resolution seismic exploration.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for acquiring seismic data, which comprises the following steps:
collecting seismic data through a detector on the cable; wherein the cable is positioned between 15 meters and 50 meters below sea level and is in a horizontal shape;
preprocessing the acquired seismic data, and performing Fourier transform on the preprocessed seismic data to obtain frequency domain seismic data;
calculating primary wave data according to the frequency domain seismic data;
carrying out inverse Fourier transform on the primary wave data to obtain primary wave data of a t-x domain; where t is time and x is offset.
Optionally, the calculating the primary wave data according to the frequency domain seismic data includes:
according to the formula (L)u+RLue-iωΔτ)A＝LuS, calculating the primary wave data;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Δh＝zntanθ，sinθ＝vwp，Δτ＝2p*zn/vw；
wherein R is sea level reflection coefficient, A is the primary wave data, omega is angular frequency, Delta tau is delay time of ghost wave relative to primary wave propagation, S is frequency domain seismic data, tauprTime of arrival of primary wave at detector, xnFor detectingOffset, z, of the position of the devicen△ h is the horizontal distance between the detector in the horizontal cable and the corresponding detection point on the sea level, p is the ray parameter, and deltah is the horizontal distance between the detector in the horizontal cable and the corresponding detection point on the sea level.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a device for acquiring seismic data, which comprises:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring seismic data through a detector on the cable; wherein the cable is positioned between 15 meters and 50 meters below sea level and is in a horizontal shape;
the processing module is used for preprocessing the acquired seismic data and performing Fourier transform on the preprocessed seismic data to obtain frequency domain seismic data; calculating primary wave data according to the frequency domain seismic data; carrying out inverse Fourier transform on the primary wave data to obtain primary wave data of a t-x domain; where t is time and x is offset.
Optionally, the processing module is specifically configured to implement the calculating of the primary wave data according to the frequency domain seismic data by using the following method:
according to the formula (L)u+RLue-iωΔτ)A＝LuS, calculating the primary wave data;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Δh＝zntanθ，sinθ＝vwp，Δτ＝2p*zn/vw；
wherein R is sea level reflection coefficient, A is the primary wave data, omega is angular frequency, Delta tau is delay time of ghost wave relative to primary wave propagation, S is the frequency domain seismic data, tauprTime of arrival of primary wave at detector, xnOffset, z, of the location of the detectorn△ h is the horizontal distance between the detector in the horizontal cable and the corresponding detection point on the sea level, p is the ray parameter, and deltah is the horizontal distance between the detector in the horizontal cable and the corresponding detection point on the sea level.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a terminal, which includes a processor and a computer-readable storage medium, where instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of any one of the above methods for acquiring seismic data are implemented.
Embodiments of the present invention further provide a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of any one of the above-mentioned methods for acquiring seismic data.
Compared with the related art, the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: collecting seismic data through a detector on the cable; wherein the cable is positioned between 15 meters and 50 meters below sea level and is in a horizontal shape; preprocessing the acquired seismic data, and performing Fourier transform on the preprocessed seismic data to obtain frequency domain seismic data; calculating primary wave data according to the frequency domain seismic data; carrying out inverse Fourier transform on the primary wave data to obtain primary wave data of a t-x domain; where t is time and x is offset. Through the scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the seismic data are acquired between 15 meters and 50 meters, the frequency band of the seismic data acquired in the depth range is wide, the influence of sea level environment is small, and the signal-to-noise ratio is high; and the requirement on the performance of field equipment is low, and the seismic exploration operation can be implemented under the bad weather condition, so that the operation efficiency is improved, and the exploration cost is reduced.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the example serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of acquiring seismic data according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a field horizontal streamer acquisition according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of primary and ghost propagation under the condition of broadband acquisition of a horizontal cable according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4(a) is a diagram illustrating a single shot effect without a cabled ghost front according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4(b) is a diagram illustrating the effect of single shot after de-cabled ghost according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of frequency spectra before and after removing cable ghost from seismic data acquired by a method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of seismic data acquired and processed using conventional methods in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of seismic data acquired and processed using a method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of seismic data acquired and processed using a variable depth method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural component diagram of an apparatus for acquiring seismic data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.
The steps illustrated in the flow charts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Also, while a logical order is shown in the flow diagrams, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in an order different than here.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for acquiring seismic data, including:
In this step, the cable is positioned between 15 meters and 50 meters below sea level and is horizontal.
The frequency band of the seismic data acquired within the depth range is wide, the influence of sea level environment is small, and the signal-to-noise ratio is high; and the requirement on the performance of field equipment is low, and the seismic exploration operation can be implemented under the bad weather condition, so that the operation efficiency is improved, and the exploration cost is reduced.
In this step, as shown in fig. 2, the seismic data collected by the detector is primary wave, seismic source ghost wave, cable ghost wave, and superposition wave data of ghost waves related to the seismic source cable.
The primary wave is a wave which is directly transmitted from the sea bottom to the detector by the seismic wave emitted by the seismic source;
the seismic source ghost wave is a wave which is generated by a seismic source and is received by the detector after being reflected by the sea level at the seismic source end;
the cable ghost wave is the wave which is received by the detector after the seismic wave emitted by the seismic source is reflected by the sea level at the cable end;
ghost waves related to the seismic source cable are waves which are received by the geophone after seismic waves emitted by the seismic source are reflected by the sea level at the seismic source end and the cable end.
Wherein the seismic source is located about 7 meters below sea level.
In this step, the preprocessing of the acquired seismic data includes:
and denoising the acquired seismic data. Optionally, the direct wave removing processing may be performed on the denoised seismic data.
Wherein, the direct wave is the wave which directly propagates to the wave detector from the seismic wave emitted by the seismic source.
And 102, calculating primary wave data according to the frequency domain seismic data. The method comprises the following steps:
according to the formula (L)u+RLue-iωΔτ)A＝LuS, calculating primary wave data;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Δh＝zntanθ，sinθ＝vwp，Δτ＝2p*zn/vw；
wherein, as shown in fig. 3, R is sea level reflection coefficient, a is primary wave data, ω is angular frequency, Δ τ is delay time of ghost wave relative to primary wave propagation, S is frequency domain seismic data, τprTime of arrival of primary wave at detector, xnOffset, z, of the location of the detectorn△ h is the horizontal distance between the detector in the horizontal cable and the corresponding detection point on the sea level, p is the ray parameter, and deltah is the horizontal distance between the detector in the horizontal cable and the corresponding detection point on the sea level.
The ith row and the jth column of Lu are transformation operators of the ith channel and the jth frequency, the ith row and the jth column of A are primary data of the jth frequency spectrum of the ith channel, and the ith row and the jth column of S represent input jth frequency seismic data of the ith channel.
Wherein, the formula
In (x)n+ ah) p represents the conventional Radon transform term under horizontal cable observation conditions,
and the Radon operator is suitable for the horizontal cable data.
Wherein the linear equation set (L) can be solved by adopting a conjugate gradient methodu+RLue-iωΔτ)A＝LuS。
Formula (L)u+RLue-iωΔτ)A＝LuS, the ghost waves are attenuated, and trap frequency points are eliminated, so that broadband seismic data are obtained, the imaging quality of the seismic data is improved, and the requirement of high-resolution seismic exploration is met.
And 103, performing inverse Fourier transform on the primary wave data to obtain primary wave data of a t-x domain.
In this step, t is time and x is offset.
FIG. 4(a) is a diagram illustrating the effect of a single shot of a cabled ghost wave front according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4(a), the abscissa represents offset, the ordinate represents time, and the grayscale in the figure represents the amplitude of the seismic wave.
FIG. 4(b) shows the effect of single shot after de-cabled ghost according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4(b), the abscissa represents offset, the ordinate represents time, and the grayscale in the figure represents the amplitude of the seismic wave.
As can be seen by comparing fig. 4(a) and 4(b), ghost waves of the cable are suppressed significantly in fig. 4 (b).
FIG. 5 is a graph of frequency spectra before and after de-cabled ghost waves of seismic data acquired by a method according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 5, the abscissa is frequency and the ordinate is amplitude. Comparing the spectrum graph of fig. 5 after removing the ghost wave front, it can be seen that the seismic trap point after suppressing the ghost wave front of the cable is compensated, and the seismic frequency band is widened.
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of seismic data acquired and processed using conventional methods in accordance with embodiments of the present invention; FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of seismic data acquired and processed using a method according to an embodiment of the invention; FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of seismic data acquired and processed using a variable depth method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 6 to 8, the abscissa indicates the track number, the ordinate indicates the time, and the gradation in the graph indicates the amplitude of the acquired primary wave data.
Comparing fig. 6 to fig. 8, it can be found that the method for acquiring seismic data according to the embodiment of the present invention integrates acquisition and processing, the resolution of seismic data acquired according to the embodiment of the present invention is significantly higher than that of seismic data acquired and processed according to a conventional method, and the seismic wave group characteristics are clearer than those of seismic data acquired and processed according to a conventional method; moreover, the resolution of the seismic data acquired by the embodiment of the invention is equivalent to the seismic data acquired and processed by adopting a variable depth method, and the characteristic phase of the seismic wave group is equivalent to the seismic data acquired and processed by adopting the variable depth method.
Compared with the conventional streamer acquisition processing mode, the method of the embodiment of the invention obtains the seismic data with high signal-to-noise ratio and wide frequency band, is favorable for improving the wave group characteristics of the seismic data and improving the resolution ratio of the seismic data, is slightly influenced by the sea surface environment, can implement seismic exploration operation under bad weather, improves the data quality, improves the operation efficiency and saves the construction cost. Compared with a variable-depth cable acquisition mode, the acquisition mode can obtain the same broadband seismic data, the construction efficiency is higher, the control on the depth of the cable is simple, the cost of the cable is low, and the difficulty of data processing is low.
Referring to fig. 9, an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for acquiring seismic data, including:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring seismic data through a detector on the cable; wherein the cable is positioned between 15 meters and 50 meters below sea level and is in a horizontal shape;
the processing module is used for preprocessing the acquired seismic data and performing Fourier transform on the preprocessed seismic data to obtain frequency domain seismic data; calculating primary wave data according to the frequency domain seismic data; carrying out inverse Fourier transform on the primary wave data to obtain primary wave data of a t-x domain; where t is time and x is offset.
Optionally, the processing module is specifically configured to implement the calculating of the primary wave data according to the frequency domain seismic data by using the following method:
according to the formula (L)u+RLue-iωΔτ)A＝LuS, calculating primary wave data;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Δh＝zntanθ，sinθ＝vwp，Δτ＝2p*zn/vw；
wherein R is sea level reflection coefficient, A is primary wave data, omega is angular frequency, delta tau is delay time of ghost wave relative to primary wave propagation, S is frequency domain seismic data, tauprWhen the primary wave reaches the detectorM, xnOffset, z, of the location of the detectorn△ h is the horizontal distance between the detector in the horizontal cable and the corresponding detection point on the sea level, p is the ray parameter, and deltah is the horizontal distance between the detector in the horizontal cable and the corresponding detection point on the sea level.
Referring to fig. 10, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a terminal, including a processor and a computer-readable storage medium, where instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium, where the instructions are executed by the processor to implement any one of the steps of the method for acquiring seismic data.
Embodiments of the present invention further provide a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of any one of the above-mentioned methods for acquiring seismic data.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method of acquiring seismic data, comprising:
collecting seismic data through a detector on the cable; wherein the cable is positioned between 15 meters and 50 meters below sea level and is in a horizontal shape;
preprocessing the acquired seismic data, and performing Fourier transform on the preprocessed seismic data to obtain frequency domain seismic data; wherein the preprocessing comprises denoising and removing direct waves;
according to the formula (L)u+RLue-iωΔτ)A＝LuS, calculating primary wave data;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Δh＝zntanθ，sinθ＝vwp，Δτ＝2p*zn/vw；
wherein R is sea level reflection coefficient, A is the primary wave data, omega is angular frequency, Delta tau is delay time of ghost wave relative to primary wave propagation, S is frequency domain seismic data, tauprTime of arrival of primary wave at detector, xnOffset, z, of the location of the detectornThe depth of the detector is the position, p is a ray parameter, and deltah represents the horizontal distance between the detector in the horizontal cable and a corresponding wave detection point on the sea level;
carrying out inverse Fourier transform on the primary wave data to obtain primary wave data of a t-x domain; where t is time and x is offset.
2. An apparatus for acquiring seismic data, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring seismic data through a detector on the cable; wherein the cable is positioned between 15 meters and 50 meters below sea level and is in a horizontal shape;
the processing module is used for preprocessing the acquired seismic data and performing Fourier transform on the preprocessed seismic data to obtain frequency domain seismic data; wherein the preprocessing comprises denoising and removing direct waves; according to the formula (L)u+RLue-iωΔτ)A＝LuS, calculating primary wave data;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Δh＝zntanθ，sinθ＝vwp，Δτ＝2p*zn/vw；
wherein R is sea level reflection coefficient, A is the primary wave data, omega is angular frequency, Delta tau is delay time of ghost wave relative to primary wave propagation, S is the frequency domain seismic data, tauprTime of arrival of primary wave at detector, xnCannon for the position of wave detectorDetection distance, znThe depth of the detector is the position, p is a ray parameter, and deltah represents the horizontal distance between the detector in the horizontal cable and a corresponding wave detection point on the sea level; carrying out inverse Fourier transform on the primary wave data to obtain primary wave data of a t-x domain; where t is time and x is offset.
3. A terminal comprising a processor and a computer readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, perform the steps of the method of acquiring seismic data of claim 1.
4. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of acquiring seismic data according to claim 1.
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