CN109031414A - A kind of amplitude gain method and processing terminal based on Hilbert transform - Google Patents
A kind of amplitude gain method and processing terminal based on Hilbert transform Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/301—Analysis for determining seismic cross-sections or geostructures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/40—Transforming data representation
- G01V2210/48—Other transforms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/50—Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation
- G01V2210/51—Migration
- G01V2210/512—Pre-stack
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of amplitude gain method and processing terminal based on Hilbert transform, the described method comprises the following steps: step S1: pre-processing to original seismic data；Step S2: the envelope amplitude and phase value of data after pretreatment are extracted；Step S3: isolating the principal component and singular value component of envelope amplitude, acquires the average amplitude value of the envelope amplitude in step S2, and separate the envelope amplitude obtained in step S2 according to average amplitude value: step S4: calculating weight w value；Step S5: constructing new envelope amplitude, to calculate the earthquake channel amplitude after gain.The present invention is based on Hilbert transforms to seek envelope amplitude, mends by force weak to cutting on envelope amplitude, retains phase-frequency characteristic, and seismic channel amplitude after gain balancing energy from shallow to deep can preferably be applied to geologic structure interpretation；The blank phenomenon that conventional AGC is generated is evaded, the lineups being difficult to originally has been shown, computational efficiency is high, obvious processing effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seismic data processing technology field, specifically a kind of amplitude gain side based on Hilbert transform
Method and processing terminal.
Background technique
With the rapid development of seismic exploration technique, fine seismic processing technique is current development trend, is based on amplitude
Interpretation technique be used widely in the seismic prospectings such as oil gas, hydrate, mineral resources, therefore, in seism processing,
It is highly important for how correctly restoring amplitude.However, the earthquake record of our physical records is spread by wavefront, transmission is damaged
The factors influences such as mistake, the earth are absorbed, scattered, excitation acceptable conditions are inconsistent, the lineups after decaying are smudgy, it is difficult to know
Not.
Currently, restoring the method for amplitude has very much, wherein automatic gain control (AGC) is important recovery amplitude
One of method, but existing AGC technology is all based on greatly Principle of Statistics, carries out sampling vibration to given when window in the domain t-x
Width statistics, amplitude intermediate value, average value or root-mean-square value to statistics are radix reconstructed sample amplitude, to reach amplitude equalization
Purpose.The effect of AGC depends on given when window size, when window it is smaller, cut that mend weak effect by force more prominent, when window it is bigger, effect
Fruit is weaker.As shown in figure 1 using it is different when window AGC before and after effect contrast figure, by taking single-channel seismic section as an example, when window boundary
Can whiten, when window it is bigger, range of whitening in sectional view is more obvious, cause originally clearly stratum it is smudgy, to geological structure
Explanation impacts.
Chu Shengchen etc. (2003) describes automatic growth control processing technique in the application of Area of Igneous Rock Growth, with igneous
For the real data of rock development, the quality of seismic data is improved using automatic growth control processing technique；Cai Hanpeng etc.
(2007) propose that a kind of amplitude gain new method, this method are to differentiate Hilbert transform instantaneous amplitude characteristic and function extreme value
Method and curve-fitting method are applied to the method in seismic amplitude gain, are as a result mainly used in Tectonic Analysis；Zhang Xianxu etc.
(2012) influence of the auto gain control method to amplitude in seism processing is proposed, from AVO attributive analysis, lithology and fluid
Identification angularly confirms to explain that prestack and poststack are forbidden to use AGC method as in purpose process flow using amplitude；Lei Shirong
(2016) it is as follows that application and applicable elements, pertinent literature of the automatic growth control (AGC) in seism processing are described:
The ﹒ such as [1] Chu Shengchen, Zhou Lijun, Xu Rongkui (2003) ﹒ automatic growth control processing technique is in Area of Igneous Rock Growth
Application [J] ﹒ Jianghan Petroleum College journal, 25 (increasings), 39-40.
[2] Cai Hanpeng, He Zhenhua, Huang De a kind of Ji amplitude gain new method [J] ﹒ oil gas geophysics of ﹒ (2007) ﹒, 5
(4), 13-16.
Auto gain control method is to amplitude in the ﹒ such as [3] Zhang Xianxu, Qiang Juan, Yang Guangming (2012) ﹒ seism processing
Influence [J] ﹒ coal field geology and exploration, 40 (2), 82-85.
[4] application [J] the ﹒ chemical industry of Lei Shi honor ﹒ (2016) ﹒ automatic growth control (AGC) in the processing of seismic data data
Management, 26.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, an object of the present invention provides a kind of amplitude gain based on Hilbert transform
Method is able to solve the stratum unbalanced problem of energy from shallow to deep, and the effectively prominent effective reflected energy of deep layer avoids often
AGC bring section blushing is advised, and phase-frequency characteristic can be retained, geologic structure interpretation can be preferably applied to.
The second object of the present invention provides a kind of processing terminal, is able to solve stratum energy is unbalanced from shallow to deep and ask
Topic, the effectively prominent effective reflected energy of deep layer, avoids conventional AGC bring section blushing, and can retain phase frequency
Rate characteristic can be preferably applied to geologic structure interpretation.
Realize the technical solution of one of the object of the invention are as follows: a kind of amplitude gain method based on Hilbert transform, institute
State method the following steps are included:
Step S1: obtaining original seismic data, and pre-process to seismic data, the prestack trace gather that obtains that treated；
Step S2: extracting the envelope amplitude and phase value of prestack trace gather, and the envelope vibration of seismic wave is 1. obtained according to formula
Width:
In formula, A (t) is the envelope amplitude of seismic wave, and x (t) is real seismic record road, can directly be obtained from prestack trace gather
,For the quadrature trace of x (t),It is acquired by Hilbert transform,
The phase value of seismic wave 2. or is 3. obtained according to formula:
X (t)=A (t) cos θ (t) --- --- is 2.
Wherein, θ (t) is the phase value of seismic wave；
Step S3: isolating the principal component and singular value component of envelope amplitude, firstly, acquiring the per pass envelope in step S2
The mean amplitude of tide A of amplitude A (t)aveValue, then, according to mean amplitude of tide AaveA (t) value obtained in step S2 is isolated master by value
Component B (t) value:
It is less than A in envelope amplitude A (t)aveValue remain unchanged, be greater than AaveValue then use AaveInstead of to obtain main point
B (t) value is measured, the singular value component C (t) of envelope amplitude is 4. calculated according to formula:
C (t)=A (t)-B (t) --- --- is 4.
Step S4: calculating weight w value, 5. weight w value is obtained by formula:
Step S5: new envelope amplitude A is constructednew, it is 6. obtained by formula:
Aner(t)=B (t)+w*C (t) --- --- is 6.
Finally, according to the envelope amplitude A newly constructednewCome the seismic channel set after being rebuild, x is usednewIt indicates, and by
7. formula obtains:
xnew(t)=Anew(t)cosθ(t)------⑦
Wherein, θ (t) value is obtained by calculating in step S2.
Further, the pretreatment includes spherical diffusion compensation, goes noise, static correction of surging, removes bubble, multiple wave pressure
One of system and signal enhancing are a variety of.
Realize two technical solution of the object of the invention are as follows: a kind of processing terminal comprising,
Memory, for storing program instruction；
Processor, for running described program instruction, to execute following steps:
Step S1: obtaining original seismic data, and pre-process to seismic data, the prestack trace gather that obtains that treated；
Step S2: extracting the envelope amplitude and phase value of prestack trace gather, and the envelope vibration of seismic wave is 1. obtained according to formula
Width:
In formula, A (t) is the envelope amplitude of seismic wave, and x (t) is real seismic record road, can directly be obtained from prestack trace gather
,For the quadrature trace of x (t),It is acquired by Hilbert transform,
The phase value of seismic wave 2. or is 3. obtained according to formula:
X (t)=A (t) cos θ (t) --- --- is 2.
Wherein, θ (t) is the phase value of seismic wave；
Step S3: isolating the principal component and singular value component of envelope amplitude, firstly, acquiring the per pass envelope in step S2
The mean amplitude of tide A of amplitude A (t)aveValue, then, according to mean amplitude of tide AaveA (t) value obtained in step S2 is isolated master by value
Component B (t) value:
It is less than A in envelope amplitude A (t)aveValue remain unchanged, be greater than AaveValue then use AaveInstead of to obtain main point
B (t) value is measured, the singular value component C (t) of envelope amplitude is 4. calculated according to formula:
C (t)=A (t)-B (t) --- --- is 4.
Step S4: calculating weight w value, 5. weight w value is obtained by formula:
Step S5: new envelope amplitude A is constructednew, it is 6. obtained by formula:
Aner(t)=B (t)+w*C (t) --- --- is 6.
Finally, according to the envelope amplitude A newly constructednewCome the seismic channel set after being rebuild, x is usednewIt indicates, and by
7. formula obtains:
xnew(t)=Anew(t)cosθ(t)------⑦
Wherein, θ (t) value is obtained by calculating in step S2.
Further, the pretreatment includes spherical diffusion compensation, goes noise, static correction of surging, removes bubble, multiple wave pressure
One of system and signal enhancing are a variety of.
The invention has the benefit that
1) the present invention is based on Hilbert transforms to seek envelope amplitude, mends by force weak to cutting on envelope amplitude, remains phase
Frequency characteristic, seismic channel amplitude after gain balancing energy from shallow to deep, can preferably be applied to geologic structure interpretation；
2) present invention has evaded the blank phenomenon that conventional AGC is generated, and will be difficult to originally, or even the same phase that cannot be identified
Axis is shown, and the invention is either equally applicable to prestack trace gather or stacked section, and computational efficiency is efficient, and treatment effect is aobvious
It writes.
Detailed description of the invention
Effect contrast figure when Fig. 1 is single-channel seismic section difference before and after window AGC；
Fig. 2 is by taking single-channel seismic as an example, and the pretreated amplitude section figure of the present invention and use the method for the present invention are handled
It is compared between the amplitude section figure of amplitude section figure and routine AGC technical treatment afterwards；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of present pre-ferred embodiments.
Fig. 4 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of processing terminal of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In the following, being described further in conjunction with attached drawing and specific embodiment to the present invention:
As shown in Figure 2 to Figure 3, a kind of amplitude gain method based on Hilbert transform comprising successively carry out with
Lower step:
Step S1: to the original seismic data of acquisition, the pretreatment carried out by following sub-step: spherical diffusion compensation is gone
Bubble, multiple wave compacting and the process flows such as signal enhancing are gone in noise, static correction of surging, certainly, can be in actual treatment
A high s/n ratio is obtained after pretreatment according to the one or more process flows of actual seismic data selection above
And high-resolution prestack trace gather；
Step S2: extracting the envelope amplitude and phase value of prestack trace gather, using following method:
The analytic signal Z (t) of seismic wave can be expressed with the form of complex trace, and Z (t) is also referred to as complex seismic trace, such as
Formula (1):
Wherein, x (t) is real part, indicates real part seismic channel, is real seismic record road,For imaginary part, with indicating imaginary part
Road is shaken, it is orthogonal with real part x (t), i.e.,For the quadrature trace of x (t),It is acquired by Hilbert transform, Hilbert transform is such as
Under:
Meanwhile real part seismic channel x (t) can be indicated with formula (2):
X (t)=A (t) cos θ (t) (2)
Imaginary part seismic channelIt can be indicated with formula (3):
In formula (2) and (3), A (t) is the envelope amplitude of seismic wave, and θ (t) is the phase value of seismic wave, due to plurally
Shake the real part x (t) and imaginary part in roadIt is known that envelope amplitude A (t) can be obtained with formula (4):
After calculating envelope amplitude A (t), phase value θ (t) can be found out according to formula (2) or (3)；
Since actual seismic signal by wavefront diffusion, transmission loss, the earth absorption, scattering and excites acceptable conditions not
The influence of the factors such as consistent, the earthquake record after decaying is often very strong in the energy of shallow-layer, and very weak in deep energy, this causes
It is shown as in envelope amplitude section, shallow-layer envelope amplitude is that tens times of even hundreds of times, envelope amplitudes of deep layer envelope amplitude exist
Shallow-layer and deep layer are unbalanced, it is therefore desirable to such influence is eliminated, so that the balancing energy of amplitude from shallow to deep after restoring,
Thus, it is also necessary to follow the steps below:
Step S3: the principal component and singular value component of envelope amplitude are isolated, singular value component C (t) is matrix, unusual
Being worth component C (t) can be obtained with formula (5):
C (t)=A (t)-B (t) (5)
Wherein, B (t) is the principal component of envelope amplitude, directly separates and obtains from envelope amplitude A (t), and the rule of separation is such as
Under:
It is less than A in envelope amplitude A (t)aveValue remain unchanged, be greater than AaveValue then use AaveInstead of by above-mentioned rule
The result of processing is B (t), can be indicated with formula (6):
B (t)=min [A (t), Aave] (6)
Wherein, AaveIt is constant for the mean amplitude of tide of per pass envelope amplitude A (t), C (t) matrix column number is equal to road number, i.e.,
C (t) matrix is often classified as per pass, after this step process, obtains B (t) value and singular value component C (t)；
Step S4: calculating weight w value, uneven in order to eliminate the energy showed due to earthquake record in shallow-layer and deep layer
The bring that weighs influences, and needs to cut seismic channel and mends by force weak, weight w value is specifically obtained by formula (7):
Ave in formula indicates averaging operation, and the matrix of such singular value component C (t) is how many column, can obtain how many
A weight w value；
Step S5: after calculating weight w value according to step S4, new envelope amplitude is constructed, A is usednewIt indicates, calculates public
Formula is indicated with (8):
Aner(t)=B (t) (8)+w*C (t)
It finally, can be according to the envelope amplitude A newly constructednewCome the seismic channel set after being rebuild, x is usednewIt indicates,
xnewIt is the expression formula restored after amplitude, xnewIt that is to say and restore amplitude required for the present invention, and calculated and obtained using formula (9)
:
xnew(t)=Anew(t)cosθ(t) (9)
Wherein, θ (t) value is obtained by calculating in step S2.
Three width figures ((a), (b), (c)) in as described in Figure 2, it can be seen that by handled by method provided by the invention
Amplitude section does not have blushing, and blushing occurs in the amplitude section of conventional AGC technology, such as arrow in Fig. 2 (c) figure
It is to whiten at direction；As can be seen from Figure 2, the energy on method provided by the invention treated section stratum from shallow to deep is uniform
Unanimously, original lineups are not damaged, meanwhile, the weak reflection mux --out signal exhibits of mid-deep strata are come out, section is naturally beautiful；The present invention is extensive
While complex amplitude, phase-frequency characteristic is not destroyed also, this can analyze the phase-frequency characteristic of seismic data, can
It is preferably applied in seismic interpretation.
The invention further relates to the entities of amplitude gain method to realize processing terminal 100 comprising,
Memory 101, for storing program instruction；
Processor 102, for running described program instruction, to execute following steps:
Step S1: original seismic data is obtained, and seismic data is pre-processed: including spherical diffusion compensation, denoising
Sound, static correction of surging go bubble, multiple wave compacting and one of signal enhancing or a variety of to be handled after pretreatment
Prestack trace gather afterwards；
Step S2: extracting the envelope amplitude and phase value of prestack trace gather, and the envelope vibration of seismic wave is 1. obtained according to formula
Width:
In formula, A (t) is the envelope amplitude of seismic wave, and x (t) is real seismic record road, can directly be obtained from prestack trace gather
,For the quadrature trace of x (t),It is acquired by Hilbert transform,
The phase value of seismic wave 2. or is 3. obtained according to formula:
X (t)=A (t) cos θ (t) --- --- is 2.
Wherein, θ (t) is the phase value of seismic wave；
Step S3: isolating the principal component and singular value component of envelope amplitude, firstly, acquiring the envelope amplitude in step S2
The mean amplitude of tide A of A (t)aveValue, then, according to mean amplitude of tide AaveA (t) value obtained in step S2 is isolated principal component B by value
(t) value:
It is less than A in envelope amplitude A (t)aveValue remain unchanged, be greater than AaveValue part then use AaveInstead of to obtain
Principal component B (t) value is obtained, the singular value component C (t) of envelope amplitude is 4. calculated according to formula:
C (t)=A (t)-B (t) --- --- is 4.
Step S4: calculating weight w value, 5. weight w value is obtained by formula:
Step S5: new envelope amplitude A is constructednew, it is 6. obtained by formula:
Aner(t)=B (t)+w*C (t) --- --- is 6.
Finally, according to the envelope amplitude A newly constructednewCome the seismic channel set after being rebuild, x is usednewIt indicates, xnew
It is the recovery amplitude that the present invention needs, and is 7. obtained by formula:
xnew(t)=Anew(t)cosθ(t)------⑦
Wherein, θ (t) value is obtained by calculating in step S2.
For those skilled in the art, it can make other each according to the above description of the technical scheme and ideas
Kind is corresponding to be changed and deforms, and all these change and deform the protection model that all should belong to the claims in the present invention
Within enclosing.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of amplitude gain method based on Hilbert transform, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
Step S1: obtaining original seismic data, and pre-process to seismic data, the prestack trace gather that obtains that treated；
Step S2: the envelope amplitude and phase value of prestack trace gather are extracted, the envelope amplitude of seismic wave is 1. obtained according to formula:
In formula, A (t) is the envelope amplitude of seismic wave, and x (t) is real seismic record road, is directly obtained from prestack trace gather,
For the quadrature trace of x (t),It is acquired by Hilbert transform,
The phase value of seismic wave 2. or is 3. obtained according to formula:
X (t)=A (t) cos θ (t) --- --- is 2.
Wherein, θ (t) is the phase value of seismic wave；
Step S3: isolating the principal component and singular value component of envelope amplitude, firstly, acquiring the per pass envelope amplitude in step S2
The mean amplitude of tide A of A (t)aveValue, then, according to mean amplitude of tide AaveA (t) value obtained in step S2 is isolated principal component B by value
(t) value:
It is less than A in envelope amplitude A (t)aveValue remain unchanged, be greater than AaveValue then use AaveInstead of to obtain principal component B
(t) 4. value calculates the singular value component C (t) of envelope amplitude according to formula:
C (t)=A (t)-B (t) --- --- is 4.
Step S4: calculating weight w value, 5. weight w value is obtained by formula:
Step S5: new envelope amplitude A is constructednew, it is 6. obtained by formula:
Aner(t)=B (t)+w*C (t) --- --- is 6.
Finally, according to the envelope amplitude A newly constructednewCome the seismic channel set after being rebuild, x is usednewIt indicates, and by formula
7. obtaining:
xnew(t)=Anew(t)cosθ(t)------⑦
Wherein, θ (t) value is obtained by calculating in step S2.
2. the amplitude gain method according to claim 1 based on Hilbert transform, it is characterised in that: the pretreatment
Including spherical diffusion compensation, goes noise, static correction of surging, goes bubble, multiple wave compacting and one of signal enhancing or a variety of.
3. a kind of processing terminal, it is characterised in that: including,
Memory, for storing program instruction；
Processor, for running described program instruction, to execute following steps:
Step S1: obtaining original seismic data, and pre-process to seismic data, the prestack trace gather that obtains that treated；
Step S2: the envelope amplitude and phase value of prestack trace gather are extracted, the envelope amplitude of seismic wave is 1. obtained according to formula:
In formula, A (t) is the envelope amplitude of seismic wave, and x (t) is real seismic record road, can be directly obtained from prestack trace gather,For the quadrature trace of x (t),It is acquired by Hilbert transform,
The phase value of seismic wave 2. or is 3. obtained according to formula:
X (t)=A (t) cos θ (t) --- --- is 2.
Wherein, θ (t) is the phase value of seismic wave；
Step S3: isolating the principal component and singular value component of envelope amplitude, firstly, acquiring the per pass envelope amplitude in step S2
The mean amplitude of tide A of A (t)aveValue, then, according to mean amplitude of tide AaveA (t) value obtained in step S2 is isolated principal component B by value
(t) value:
It is less than A in envelope amplitude A (t)aveValue remain unchanged, be greater than AaveValue then use AaveInstead of to obtain principal component B
(t) 4. value calculates the singular value component C (t) of envelope amplitude according to formula:
C (t)=A (t)-B (t) --- --- is 4.
Step S4: calculating weight w value, 5. weight w value is obtained by formula:
Step S5: new envelope amplitude A is constructednew, it is 6. obtained by formula:
Aner(t)=B (t)+w*C (t) --- --- is 6.
Finally, according to the envelope amplitude A newly constructednewCome the seismic channel set after being rebuild, x is usednewIt indicates, and by formula
7. obtaining:
xnew(t)=Anew(t)cosθ(t)------⑦
Wherein, θ (t) value is obtained by calculating in step S2.
4. processing terminal according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the pretreatment includes spherical diffusion compensation, denoising
Bubble, multiple wave compacting and one of signal enhancing or a variety of are gone in sound, static correction of surging.
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| CN110031897A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-07-19 | 北京信息科技大学 | Amplitude energy compensates and bearing calibration and system multi-component earthquake data in the seawater |
| CN111308554A (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2020-06-19 | 清华大学 | Interlayer multiple prediction method based on multiple generation layer self-adaptive extraction |
| CN111856558A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2020-10-30 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Automatic gain method for seismic record |
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