CN109031414B - Amplitude gain method based on Hilbert transform and processing terminal - Google Patents

Amplitude gain method based on Hilbert transform and processing terminal Download PDF

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CN109031414B
CN109031414B CN201810574209.7A CN201810574209A CN109031414B CN 109031414 B CN109031414 B CN 109031414B CN 201810574209 A CN201810574209 A CN 201810574209A CN 109031414 B CN109031414 B CN 109031414B
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CN109031414A (en
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刘玉萍
张宝金
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Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G01V1/30—Analysis
    • G01V1/301—Analysis for determining seismic cross-sections or geostructures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/40—Transforming data representation
    • G01V2210/48—Other transforms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/50—Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation
    • G01V2210/51—Migration
    • G01V2210/512—Pre-stack

Abstract

The invention relates to an amplitude gain method based on Hilbert transform and a processing terminal, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: step S1: preprocessing original seismic data; step S2: extracting the envelope amplitude and phase value of the preprocessed data; step S3: separating the principal component and the singular component of the envelope amplitude, obtaining the average amplitude value of the envelope amplitude in step S2, and separating the envelope amplitude obtained in step S2 according to the average amplitude value: step S4: calculating a weight w value; step S5: and constructing a new envelope amplitude so as to calculate the amplitude of the seismic traces after the gain. The invention is based on Hilbert transform to obtain the envelope amplitude, the intensity of the envelope amplitude is cut and weakened, the phase frequency characteristic is reserved, the gained seismic trace amplitude value is balanced from shallow to deep energy, and the invention can be better applied to geological structure explanation; the blank phenomenon generated by the conventional AGC is avoided, the in-phase axis which is difficult to identify originally is displayed, the calculation efficiency is high, and the processing effect is obvious.

Description

Amplitude gain method based on Hilbert transform and processing terminal
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic data processing, in particular to an amplitude gain method based on Hilbert transform and a processing terminal.
Background
With the rapid development of seismic exploration technology, the fine seismic processing technology is the current development trend, and the amplitude-based interpretation technology is widely applied to seismic exploration of oil gas, hydrate, mineral resources and the like, so that how to correctly recover the amplitude value in seismic data processing is very important. However, the seismic records actually recorded by the users are influenced by factors such as wave front diffusion, transmission loss, earth absorption, scattering, inconsistent excitation receiving conditions and the like, and the attenuation event has unclear in-phase axis and is difficult to identify.
At present, there are many methods for recovering amplitude, wherein an Automatic Gain Control (AGC) technique is one of the important methods for recovering amplitude, but most of the existing AGC techniques are based on statistical principles, sample amplitude statistics is performed on a given time window in a t-x domain, and a sampled amplitude is reconstructed by taking a statistical amplitude median value, an average value or a root mean square value as a base number, so as to achieve the purpose of amplitude equalization. The AGC effect depends on the given time window size, the smaller the time window is, the more prominent the strong and weak effect is, and the larger the time window is, the weaker the effect is. As shown in fig. 1, a comparison graph of the pre-and post-AGC effects of different time windows is used, and a single seismic section is taken as an example, the time window boundary becomes whitish, and the larger the time window is, the more obvious the whitish range in the section map becomes, so that the originally clear stratum is blurred, and the geological structure interpretation is affected.
Chusaint minister and the like (2003) introduce the application of an automatic gain control processing technology in igneous rock development areas, take actual data of igneous rock development as an example, and apply the automatic gain control processing technology to improve the quality of seismic data; a new amplitude gain method is proposed by Caibue Corp et al (2007), the method is a method of applying Hilbert transform instantaneous amplitude characteristics, a function extreme value discrimination method and a curve fitting method to seismic amplitude gain, and results are mainly applied to geological structure analysis; zhanxiaxu et al (2012) proposed the effect of automatic gain control method on amplitude in seismic data processing, and prohibited the use of AGC method before and after stack in the processing flow with amplitude interpretation as confirmed from the aspects of AVO attribute analysis, lithology and fluid identification; lei shi rong (2016) describes the application and applicable conditions of Automatic Gain Control (AGC) in seismic data processing, and the related documents are as follows:
[1] the application of the Chusaichen, Zhou Li Jun, Xurong Qu et al ∙ (2003) ∙ automatic gain control processing technology in igneous rock development areas [ J ] ∙ proceedings of Jianghhan Petroleum institute, 25 (Zeng), 39-40.
[2] Zeitong, shizhenhua, yellow deji ∙ (2007) ∙ a new amplitude gain method [ J ] ∙ oil and gas geophysical, 5(4), 13-16.
[3] ∙ (2012) ∙ seismic data processing including Zhangxiaxu, Qiangjuan, Yanguanming, etc. the influence of automatic gain control method on amplitude [ J ] ∙ coal field geology and exploration, 40(2), 82-85.
[4] Leishilong ∙ (2016) ∙ Automatic Gain Control (AGC) is applied to seismic data processing [ J ] ∙ chemical engineering management, 26.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide an amplitude gain method based on hilbert transform, which can solve the problem of energy imbalance of the formation from shallow to deep, effectively highlight the deep effective reflected energy, avoid the section whitening phenomenon caused by the conventional AGC, and can retain the phase frequency characteristic, so as to be better used for geological structure interpretation.
The second objective of the present invention is to provide a processing terminal, which can solve the problem of energy imbalance from shallow to deep stratum, effectively highlight the deep effective reflected energy, avoid the profile whitening phenomenon caused by the conventional AGC, and can retain the phase frequency characteristic, so as to be better used for geological structure interpretation.
The technical scheme for realizing one purpose of the invention is as follows: a hubert transform based amplitude gain method, the method comprising the steps of:
step S1: acquiring original seismic data, and preprocessing the seismic data to obtain a processed prestack gather;
s2, extracting the envelope amplitude and phase value of the prestack gather, and obtaining the envelope amplitude of the seismic waves according to a formula ①:
Figure GDA0002271773040000031
where A (t) is the envelope amplitude of the seismic waves, x (t) is the actual seismic trace, which can be obtained directly from the prestack gather,
Figure GDA0002271773040000032
is the orthogonal track of x (t),
Figure GDA0002271773040000033
the result is obtained by the Hilbert transform,
obtaining the phase values of the seismic waves according to the formula ② or ③:
x(t)＝A(t)cosθ(t)------②
Figure GDA0002271773040000034
wherein, theta (t) is a phase value of seismic waves;
step S3: the principal component and singular component of the envelope amplitude are separated, and first, the average amplitude A of each envelope amplitude A (t) in step S2 is obtainedaveValue, then, according to the average amplitude AaveValue separation of the a (t) value obtained in step S2 into the principal component b (t) value:
envelope amplitude A (t) less than AaveThe value of (A) remains unchanged and is greater than AaveThe value of (A) isaveInstead, the value of the principal component b (t) is thus obtained, and the singular value component c (t) of the envelope amplitude is calculated according to the formula ④:
C(t)＝A(t)-B(t)------④
step S4, calculating a weight w value, the weight w value being obtained from equation ⑤:
Figure GDA0002271773040000041
step S5: construction of a new envelope amplitude AnewIt is obtained from equation ⑥:
Anew(t)＝B(t)+w*C(t)------⑥
finally, according to the newly constructed envelope amplitude AnewTo obtain reconstructed seismic gathers using xnewExpressed and obtained from equation ⑦:
xnew(t)＝Anew(t)cosθ(t)------⑦
here, the θ (t) value is calculated in step S2.
Further, the preprocessing includes one or more of spherical dispersion compensation, denoising, surge statics, debubbling, multiple suppression, and signal enhancement.
The second technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention is as follows: a processing terminal, comprising,
a memory for storing program instructions;
a processor for executing the program instructions to perform the steps of:
step S1: acquiring original seismic data, and preprocessing the seismic data to obtain a processed prestack gather;
s2, extracting the envelope amplitude and phase value of the prestack gather, and obtaining the envelope amplitude of the seismic waves according to a formula ①:
Figure GDA0002271773040000042
where A (t) is the envelope amplitude of the seismic waves, x (t) is the actual seismic trace, which can be obtained directly from the prestack gather,
Figure GDA0002271773040000043
is the orthogonal track of x (t),
Figure GDA0002271773040000044
the result is obtained by the Hilbert transform,
obtaining the phase values of the seismic waves according to the formula ② or ③:
x(t)＝A(t)cosθ(t)------②
Figure GDA0002271773040000051
wherein, theta (t) is a phase value of seismic waves;
step S3: the principal component and singular component of the envelope amplitude are separated, and first, the average amplitude A of each envelope amplitude A (t) in step S2 is obtainedaveValue, then, according to the average amplitude AaveValue separation of the a (t) value obtained in step S2 into the principal component b (t) value:
envelope amplitude A (t) less than AaveThe value of (A) remains unchanged and is greater than AaveThe value of (A) isaveInstead, the value of the principal component b (t) is thus obtained, and the singular value component c (t) of the envelope amplitude is calculated according to the formula ④:
C(t)＝A(t)-B(t)------④
step S4, calculating a weight w value, the weight w value being obtained from equation ⑤:
Figure GDA0002271773040000052
step S5: construction of a new envelope amplitude AnewIt is obtained from equation ⑥:
Anew(t)＝B(t)+w*C(t)------⑥
finally, according to the newly constructed envelope amplitude AnewTo obtain reconstructed seismic gathers using xnewExpressed and obtained from equation ⑦:
xnew(t)＝Anew(t)cosθ(t)------⑦
here, the θ (t) value is calculated in step S2.
Further, the preprocessing includes one or more of spherical dispersion compensation, denoising, surge statics, debubbling, multiple suppression, and signal enhancement.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention is based on Hilbert transform to obtain the envelope amplitude, the intensity of the envelope amplitude is cut and weakened, the phase frequency characteristic is reserved, and the gained seismic trace amplitude value is balanced from shallow to deep energy, so that the invention can be better applied to geological structure explanation;
2) the method avoids the blank phenomenon generated by the conventional AGC, and shows the same phase axis which is difficult to identify or even can not be identified.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison graph of the pre-AGC effect and the post-AGC effect of different time windows of a single seismic section;
FIG. 2 is a graph of a pre-processed amplitude profile of the present invention and a comparison of the amplitude profile processed using the method of the present invention with an amplitude profile processed using conventional AGC techniques, for a single seismic event;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a processing terminal according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description below:
as shown in fig. 2 to 3, an amplitude gain method based on hilbert transform includes the following steps performed in sequence:
step S1: preprocessing the obtained original seismic data according to the following substeps: the method comprises the following processing flows of spherical surface diffusion compensation, noise removal, surge static correction, bubble removal, multiple suppression, signal enhancement and the like, of course, during actual processing, one or more processing flows can be selected according to actual seismic data, and a prestack gather with high signal-to-noise ratio and high resolution is obtained after pretreatment;
step S2: extracting the envelope amplitude and phase value of the prestack gather, and adopting the following method:
the analytic signal z (t) of the seismic wave can be expressed in the form of a complex trace, and z (t) is also called a complex seismic trace, as shown in formula (1):
Figure GDA0002271773040000071
where x (t) is the real part, representing the real seismic traces, being the actual seismic traces,
Figure GDA0002271773040000072
representing imaginary seismic traces as imaginary parts, orthogonal to real parts x (t), i.e.
Figure GDA0002271773040000073
Is the orthogonal track of x (t),
Figure GDA0002271773040000074
the Hilbert transform is obtained as follows:
Figure GDA0002271773040000075
meanwhile, the real seismic trace x (t) can be represented by equation (2):
x(t)＝A(t)cosθ(t) (2)
imaginary seismic traces
Figure GDA0002271773040000076
Can be expressed by equation (3):
Figure GDA0002271773040000077
in equations (2) and (3), A (t) is the envelope amplitude of seismic wave, and θ (t) is the phase value of seismic wave, since the real part x (t) and imaginary part of complex seismic trace
Figure GDA0002271773040000078
Are all known to be used in the prior art,the envelope amplitude a (t) can be obtained by equation (4):
Figure GDA0002271773040000079
after the envelope amplitude A (t) is calculated, the phase value theta (t) can be obtained according to the formula (2) or (3);
because the actual seismic wave signal is influenced by factors such as wave front diffusion, transmission loss, ground absorption, scattering and excitation receiving condition inconsistency, the attenuated seismic record is often very strong in energy of a shallow layer and very weak in energy of a deep layer, which results in that the shallow envelope amplitude is dozens of times or even hundreds of times of the deep envelope amplitude on an envelope amplitude profile, and the envelope amplitude is unbalanced between the shallow layer and the deep layer, so that the influence needs to be eliminated, and the restored amplitude value is balanced from shallow to deep energy, therefore, the following steps are required to be carried out:
step S3: separating out principal components and singular value components of the envelope amplitude, wherein the singular value components C (t) are matrixes, and the singular value components C (t) can be obtained by using a formula (5):
C(t)＝A(t)-B(t) (5)
wherein, b (t) is the principal component of the envelope amplitude, and is obtained by directly separating from the envelope amplitude a (t), and the separation rule is as follows:
envelope amplitude A (t) less than AaveThe value of (A) remains unchanged and is greater than AaveThe value of (A) isaveInstead, the result of the rule processing is b (t), which can be expressed by equation (6):
B(t)＝min[A(t),Aave](6)
wherein A isaveThe average amplitude of the envelope amplitude A (t) of each channel is constant, the number of columns of the matrix C (t) is equal to the number of channels, namely, each column of the matrix C (t) is each channel, and after the processing of the step, a value B (t) and a singular value component C (t) are obtained;
step S4: calculating a weight w value, wherein in order to eliminate the influence caused by the energy imbalance presented by the seismic records in the shallow layer and the deep layer, the seismic channels need to be reinforced and weakened, and the weight w value is obtained according to a formula (7):
Figure GDA0002271773040000081
ave in the formula represents averaging operation, so that the number of weight w values can be obtained according to the number of columns of the matrix of the singular value component C (t);
step S5: after calculating the weight w according to step S4, a new envelope amplitude is constructed using anewThe calculation formula is expressed by (8):
Anew(t)＝B(t)+w*C(t) (8)
finally, the envelope amplitude A can be based on the new constructionnewTo obtain reconstructed seismic gathers using xnewDenotes xnewI.e. after restoring the amplitude, xnewThat is, the recovery amplitude required by the present invention, and is obtained by calculation using equation (9):
xnew(t)＝Anew(t)cosθ(t) (9)
here, the θ (t) value is calculated in step S2.
As shown in the three diagrams ((a), (b), (c)) of fig. 2, it can be seen that the amplitude profile processed by the method of the present invention has no whitening phenomenon, while the amplitude profile of the conventional AGC technique has a whitening phenomenon, as shown by the arrow pointing in fig. 2 (c); as can be seen from the figure 2, the energy of the stratum with the section processed by the method provided by the invention is uniform from the shallow layer to the deep layer, the original in-phase axis is not damaged, and meanwhile, the weak reflection signal of the middle-deep layer is displayed, so that the section is natural and beautiful; the invention can recover the amplitude without destroying the phase frequency characteristic, so that the phase frequency characteristic of the seismic data can be analyzed, and the invention can be better applied to seismic interpretation.
The invention also relates to an entity implementing the amplitude gain method, processing terminal 100, comprising,
a memory 101 for storing program instructions;
a processor 102 for executing the program instructions to perform the steps of:
step S1: acquiring original seismic data, and preprocessing the seismic data: the method comprises one or more of spherical surface diffusion compensation, denoising, surge static correction, bubble removal, multiple wave suppression and signal enhancement, and the pre-stack gather after the pre-processing is obtained;
s2, extracting the envelope amplitude and phase value of the prestack gather, and obtaining the envelope amplitude of the seismic waves according to a formula ①:
Figure GDA0002271773040000091
where A (t) is the envelope amplitude of the seismic waves, x (t) is the actual seismic trace, which can be obtained directly from the prestack gather,
Figure GDA0002271773040000101
is the orthogonal track of x (t),
Figure GDA0002271773040000102
the result is obtained by the Hilbert transform,
obtaining the phase values of the seismic waves according to the formula ② or ③:
x(t)＝A(t)cosθ(t)------②
Figure GDA0002271773040000103
wherein, theta (t) is a phase value of seismic waves;
step S3: the principal component and singular component of the envelope amplitude are separated, and first, the average amplitude a of the envelope amplitude a (t) in step S2 is obtainedaveValue, then, according to the average amplitude AaveValue separation of the a (t) value obtained in step S2 into the principal component b (t) value:
envelope amplitude A (t) less than AaveThe value of (A) remains unchanged and is greater than AaveThe value part of (A) isaveInstead, the value of the principal component b (t) is thus obtained, and the singular value component c (t) of the envelope amplitude is calculated according to the formula ④:
C(t)＝A(t)-B(t)------④
step S4, calculating a weight w value, the weight w value being obtained from equation ⑤:
Figure GDA0002271773040000104
step S5: construction of a new envelope amplitude AnewIt is obtained from equation ⑥:
Anew(t)＝B(t)+w*C(t)------⑥
finally, according to the newly constructed envelope amplitude AnewTo obtain reconstructed seismic gathers using xnewDenotes xnewI.e., the recovered amplitude required by the present invention, and is obtained from equation ⑦:
xnew(t)＝Anew(t)cosθ(t)------⑦
here, the θ (t) value is calculated in step S2.
Various other changes and modifications to the above-described embodiments and concepts will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the above description, and all such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. An amplitude gain method based on Hilbert transform, comprising: the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: acquiring original seismic data, and preprocessing the seismic data to obtain a processed prestack gather;
s2, extracting the envelope amplitude and phase value of the prestack gather, and obtaining the envelope amplitude of the seismic waves according to a formula ①:
Figure FDA0002271773030000011
where A (t) is the envelope amplitude of the seismic waves, x (t) is the actual seismic trace, obtained directly from the prestack gather,
Figure FDA0002271773030000012
is the orthogonal track of x (t),
Figure FDA0002271773030000013
the result is obtained by the Hilbert transform,
obtaining the phase values of the seismic waves according to the formula ② or ③:
x(t)＝A(t)cosθ(t)------②
Figure FDA0002271773030000014
wherein, theta (t) is a phase value of seismic waves;
step S3: the principal component and singular component of the envelope amplitude are separated, and first, the average amplitude A of each envelope amplitude A (t) in step S2 is obtainedaveValue, then, according to the average amplitude AaveValue separation of the a (t) value obtained in step S2 into the principal component b (t) value:
envelope amplitude A (t) less than AaveThe value of (A) remains unchanged and is greater than AaveThe value of (A) isaveInstead, the value of the principal component b (t) is thus obtained, and the singular value component c (t) of the envelope amplitude is calculated according to the formula ④:
C(t)＝A(t)-B(t)------④
step S4, calculating a weight w value, the weight w value being obtained from equation ⑤:
Figure FDA0002271773030000015
step S5: construction of a new envelope amplitude AnewIt is obtained from equation ⑥:
Anew(t)＝B(t)+w*C(t)------⑥
finally, according to the newly constructed envelope amplitude AnewTo obtain reconstructed seismic gathers using xnewExpressed and obtained from equation ⑦:
xnew(t)＝Anew(t)cosθ(t)------⑦
here, the θ (t) value is calculated in step S2.
2. The hilbert transform-based amplitude gain method according to claim 1, wherein: the preprocessing comprises one or more of spherical diffusion compensation, denoising, surge static correction, de-bubbling, multiple suppression and signal enhancement.
3. A processing terminal, characterized by: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
a memory for storing program instructions;
a processor for executing the program instructions to perform the steps of:
step S1: acquiring original seismic data, and preprocessing the seismic data to obtain a processed prestack gather;
s2, extracting the envelope amplitude and phase value of the prestack gather, and obtaining the envelope amplitude of the seismic waves according to a formula ①:
Figure FDA0002271773030000021
where A (t) is the envelope amplitude of the seismic waves, x (t) is the actual seismic trace, which can be obtained directly from the prestack gather,
Figure FDA0002271773030000022
is the orthogonal track of x (t),
Figure FDA0002271773030000023
the result is obtained by the Hilbert transform,
obtaining the phase values of the seismic waves according to the formula ② or ③:
x(t)＝A(t)cosθ(t)------②
Figure FDA0002271773030000024
wherein, theta (t) is a phase value of seismic waves;
step S3: separating out principal component and singular value component of envelope amplitude, first, obtaining stepAverage amplitude A of each envelope amplitude A (t) in step S2aveValue, then, according to the average amplitude AaveValue separation of the a (t) value obtained in step S2 into the principal component b (t) value:
envelope amplitude A (t) less than AaveThe value of (A) remains unchanged and is greater than AaveThe value of (A) isaveInstead, the value of the principal component b (t) is thus obtained, and the singular value component c (t) of the envelope amplitude is calculated according to the formula ④:
C(t)＝A(t)-B(t)------④
step S4, calculating a weight w value, the weight w value being obtained from equation ⑤:
Figure FDA0002271773030000031
step S5: construction of a new envelope amplitude AnewIt is obtained from equation ⑥:
Anew(t)＝B(t)+w*C(t)------⑥
finally, according to the newly constructed envelope amplitude AnewTo obtain reconstructed seismic gathers using xnewExpressed and obtained from equation ⑦:
xnew(t)＝Anew(t)cosθ(t)------⑦
here, the θ (t) value is calculated in step S2.
4. The processing terminal of claim 3, wherein: the preprocessing comprises one or more of spherical diffusion compensation, denoising, surge static correction, de-bubbling, multiple suppression and signal enhancement.
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