CN110031718B - Method for verifying integrity of alternating current circuit by pressurizing low-voltage side of railway traction station - Google Patents

Method for verifying integrity of alternating current circuit by pressurizing low-voltage side of railway traction station Download PDF

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CN110031718B
CN110031718B CN201910322824.3A CN201910322824A CN110031718B CN 110031718 B CN110031718 B CN 110031718B CN 201910322824 A CN201910322824 A CN 201910322824A CN 110031718 B CN110031718 B CN 110031718B
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main transformer
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CN110031718A (en
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李锋
杨大湘
周聚杰
申君容
唐科
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Electrical engineering Co Ltd of China Railway No 2 Engineering Group Co Ltd
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for verifying the integrity of an alternating current loop by pressurizing a low-voltage side of a railway traction station, which comprises the following steps: calculating short-circuit currents of a high-voltage side and a low-voltage side when the main transformer is pressurized at the low-voltage side and short-circuited at the high-voltage side; according to the calculated short-circuit current, selecting a power supply with proper capacity and a power line capable of bearing the current to be connected into a primary loop of the traction substation; by adjusting the switching state of a primary circuit of the traction substation, 27.5kV side voltage circuit inspection, 220kV side voltage circuit inspection, protection measurement current circuit inspection and main transformer differential polarity circuit inspection are respectively completed; and judging whether each checked loop is normal or not according to the detection result. The invention makes up the short circuit of the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side, the over-low sampling value of the microcomputer device and the insufficient measuring precision, and the AC loop state is difficult to judge through the data when the measuring error is counted.

Description

Method for verifying integrity of alternating current circuit by pressurizing low-voltage side of railway traction station
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power transmission, in particular to a method for verifying the integrity of an alternating current loop by pressurizing a low-voltage side of a railway traction station.
Background
After the construction of the railway traction power transformer is completed and tests are carried out in the past, problems of current and voltage sampling failure, main transformer differential polarity loop error, open circuit of a current loop, short circuit of a voltage loop and the like often occur in the process of switching on and transmitting power due to various reasons, potential safety hazards are generated to influence power transmission switching on, and negative influences are generated to the credit of production enterprises. In the past, a method for pressurizing the high-voltage side of a transformer and short-circuiting the low-voltage side of the transformer acquires the voltage and the current of each loop and analyzes whether the loops are correct or not, and the method is suitable for a transformer substation with the voltage class of 110kV or below and the secondary rated current value of a current transformer of 5A. However, with the rapid development of the railway industry, the capacity of the traction transformer is increased, the voltage class is improved, the transformer transformation ratio is increased, and data acquired by a high-voltage side pressurization method is difficult to distinguish, for example, in a 220kV traction substation, the transformation ratios of the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side voltage transformers are 2200 and 275, respectively, and the transformation ratios of the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side current transformers are 800/1 and 2500/1, respectively. When a 400V three-phase alternating current power supply is added to a high-voltage side and a low-voltage side is open-circuited, voltage data acquired by the microcomputer protection device is only about 0.182V, when the low-voltage side is short-circuited and grounded, the current of the high-voltage side is about 3A according to theoretical calculation, the secondary current value of the high-voltage side acquired by the microcomputer protection device is only about 0.004A, the secondary current value of the low-voltage side is only about 0.005A, the measurement precision of the microcomputer protection device is 0.001, and when the influence of measurement errors is counted, the alternating current loop state is difficult to judge through data.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of measurement precision in the prior art, provides a method for verifying the integrity of an alternating current loop by pressurizing the low-voltage side of a railway traction station, and reduces the influence of errors of the measurement precision of a microcomputer device on the verification of the alternating current loop.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for verifying the integrity of an alternating current loop on the low-voltage side of a railway traction station in a pressurization mode comprises the following steps:
step one, calculating short-circuit currents of a high-voltage side and a low-voltage side when a main transformer is pressurized at the low-voltage side and short-circuited at the high-voltage side;
selecting a power supply with proper capacity and a power line capable of bearing the short-circuit current according to the calculated short-circuit current, and connecting the power supply to a primary loop of a traction substation;
step three, respectively finishing 27.5kV side voltage loop inspection, 220kV side voltage loop inspection, protection measurement current loop inspection and main transformer differential polarity loop inspection by adjusting the switching state of a primary loop of the traction substation; and judging whether each checked loop is normal or not according to the detection result.
Preferably, in the first step, the main transformer is a single-phase transformer, and when the low-voltage side is pressurized and the high-voltage side is short-circuited,
Figure BDA0002035230900000021
Figure BDA0002035230900000022
Figure BDA0002035230900000023
Figure BDA0002035230900000024
obtaining a high-voltage side short-circuit current I'kAnd low side short circuit current I ″)k，
Figure BDA0002035230900000031
I″k＝4I′k
Wherein S isnThe rated capacity of the main transformer is obtained; u shapenThe rated voltage of the main transformer is obtained; u'kIs a high side voltage measurement; i isnRated current of the main transformer; u. ofk% is the main transformer impedance voltage percentage; zT、RT、XTRespectively, the impedance value, the resistance value and the reactance value of the main transformer.
Preferably, in the second step, the selected power supply is a three-phase alternating current power supply.
Preferably, in the second step, the specific connection mode includes: setting all switches in the substation to be in an open state, and disconnecting the soft bus at the inlet wire of the substation; disconnecting a ground return line and a rail return line which are connected at a short circuit position of the tail end of a secondary winding at the low-voltage side of a main transformer and the head end of another secondary winding; the method comprises the steps of connecting an F1 phase bus and a T2 phase bus at the 27.5kV side together in a short circuit mode, leading out a pair of feeder lines from a T1 phase bus and an F1 phase bus at the 27.5kV side, leading out another pair of feeder lines from a T2 phase bus and an F2 phase bus, and respectively connecting each phase output of the three-phase alternating current power supply with one feeder line.
Preferably, the 27.5kV side voltage loop check: closing a switch of the three-phase alternating current power supply, an isolating switch of a voltage transformer, and circuit breakers of the first section of feeder line and the second section of feeder line; and determining whether a voltage loop on the 27.5kV side is normal or not according to the voltage and the current of the three-phase alternating-current power supply and by judging whether the voltage values on the T1 phase bus, the F1 phase bus, the T2 phase bus and the F2 phase bus on the 27.5kV side exceed the corresponding ranges or not.
Preferably, the 220kV side voltage loop check: and closing a main transformer outgoing line circuit breaker, and closing a high-voltage side disconnecting switch and a circuit breaker. And judging whether the 220kV side voltage loop is normal or not by judging the line voltage value and the phase voltage value of the three-phase voltage.
Preferably, the protection measurement current loop check: disconnecting a main transformer incoming line circuit breaker, carrying out electricity testing at a main transformer incoming line side disconnecting switch, and switching on a main transformer incoming line grounding switch and a main transformer high-voltage side circuit breaker after confirming no electricity; and judging whether the protection measuring current loop is normal or not according to the high-low voltage side measuring loop current and the protection loop current.
Preferably, the main-transformer differential polarity circuit check:
the current balance relation of the single-phase transformer is that,
Figure BDA0002035230900000041
Figure BDA0002035230900000042
the equation for the differential current is,
Figure BDA0002035230900000043
the equation for the brake current is,
Figure BDA0002035230900000044
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002035230900000045
respectively converting the low-voltage current of the main transformer into a three-phase current at a high-voltage side;
Figure BDA0002035230900000046
Figure BDA0002035230900000051
the total current of the low-voltage side of the first main transformer and the total current of the low-voltage side of the second main transformer are respectively;
Figure BDA0002035230900000052
Figure BDA0002035230900000053
the current is the high-voltage side current of the main transformer;
Figure BDA0002035230900000054
actual current of each phase at the low-voltage side of the main transformer is obtained; kphIs the equilibrium coefficient; ida, Idb and Idc are three-phase differential currents respectively; ira, Irb, Irc are three-phase braking currents respectively;
and judging whether the main transformer differential polarity loop is normal or not according to the three-phase differential current and the three-phase braking current.
Preferably, after all the inspections are completed, the three-phase ac power supply is disconnected, all the circuit breakers and the disconnectors are separated, the connection between the F1-phase bus and the T2-phase bus at the 27.5kV side is disconnected, the ground return line and the rail return line at the short circuit position of the tail end of the secondary winding and the head end of the other secondary winding are connected, and the soft bus is connected at the lead-in position of the traction substation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses a method for verifying the integrity of an alternating current loop by pressurizing a low-voltage side of a railway traction station, which comprises the following steps: calculating short-circuit currents of a high-voltage side and a low-voltage side when the main transformer is pressurized at the low-voltage side and short-circuited at the high-voltage side; according to the calculated short-circuit current, selecting a power supply with proper capacity and a power line capable of bearing the current to be connected into a primary loop of the traction substation; by adjusting the switching state of a primary circuit of the traction substation, 27.5kV side voltage circuit inspection, 220kV side voltage circuit inspection, protection measurement current circuit inspection and main transformer differential polarity circuit inspection are respectively completed; and judging whether each checked loop is normal or not according to the detection result.
On the premise of little change of the actual wiring of the substation, the low voltage is used for simulating the actual electrification condition, and the correctness of the primary and secondary alternating current loops of the substation can be accurately judged. The invention makes up the short circuit of the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side, the over-low sampling value of the microcomputer device and the insufficient measuring precision, and the AC loop state is difficult to judge through the data when the measuring error is counted. And the integrity of the whole loop is verified, so that reliable guarantee is provided for later-stage power transmission opening and operation. The method is applied and implemented on a plurality of projects such as Guiguang high-iron, Jiqing high-iron, blue Yu high-iron and the like, and the test effect is excellent. In the field test, the number of instruments is small, the test cost is low, the test principle is simple, the method is simple, the practicability is high, and the popularization is easy.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of main wiring of a railway traction station.
FIG. 2 is a schematic wiring diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an equivalent schematic diagram of the main transformer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to test examples and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter is not limited to the following examples, and any techniques implemented based on the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
The main connection of the traction substation shown in fig. 1 adopts a method for verifying the integrity of an alternating current loop on the low-voltage side of a railway traction substation in a pressurization mode, and comprises the following steps:
step one, calculating short-circuit currents of a high-voltage side and a low-voltage side when a main transformer is pressurized at the low-voltage side and short-circuited at the high-voltage side;
voltage conversion of the high and low voltage windings is not entirely ideal according to transformer principles. The magnetic flux generated by the high-voltage winding does not pass through the low-voltage winding to form leakage magnetic flux, so that leakage reactance, namely impedance, is generated in the transformer. The presence of the impedance limits the fault current. The magnitude of the leakage flux is a function of the transformer structure and the geometry, and the magnitude of the leakage reactance is determined by the maximum value of the total flux at a given time of the transformer structure. When the transformer is short-circuited at low voltage, the magnetic flux is far from saturation, and the leakage reactance, namely the impedance, is unchanged. Impedance is generally expressed numerically as a percentage of the voltage drop at full transformer load current.
Before the three-phase AC 400V voltage is applied, the short-circuit current of the main transformer at the time of short circuit at the high-voltage side is calculated. In the calculation of the short-circuit current of the high-voltage network, generally only the reactance of each element is calculated and the resistance is ignored, and the resistance calculation is only needed when the total resistance of the short-circuit loop is greater than 1/3 of the total reactance. The calculation formula according to the famous unit system of the short-circuit impedance of the single-phase transformer comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002035230900000071
Figure BDA0002035230900000072
when the resistance value is neglected:
Figure BDA0002035230900000073
the short-circuit impedance value of the transformer is the ratio of voltage to current in short circuit, namely
Figure BDA0002035230900000074
Obtaining a high-voltage side short-circuit current I'kAnd low side short circuit current I ″)k，
Figure BDA0002035230900000075
I″k＝4I′k
Wherein S isnThe rated capacity of the main transformer is obtained; u shapenThe rated voltage of the main transformer is obtained; u'kIs a high side voltage measurement; i isnRated current of the main transformer; u. ofk% is the main transformer impedance voltage percentage; zT、RT、XTRespectively, the impedance value, the resistance value and the reactance value of the main transformer.
When the transformer is short-circuited at the low-voltage side and the high-voltage side, the value can be converted to the high-voltage side, and the known parameters of the high-voltage side are brought:
U'k＝1600V，In＝181.8A，Un＝220kV，uk％＝10.28％
the high-voltage side short-circuit current I 'can be calculated'k＝12.86A
And converting the calculated high-voltage side current value to obtain a low-voltage side short-circuit current:
I″k＝12.86×4＝51.44A
selecting a power supply with proper capacity and a power line capable of bearing the short-circuit current according to the calculated short-circuit current, and connecting the power supply to a primary loop of a traction substation;
the following preparation work is required to be completed:
all switches in the substation are in an open state;
as shown in fig. 2, the tail end x of the secondary winding at the low voltage side of the main transformer is connected1And another secondary winding head end a2The ground return line and the rail return line at the end short circuit position are disconnected, so that the low-voltage side x of the main transformer is enabled1And a2The ends are short-circuited together and not connected to other ends, when the connection is made by a1And x2The transformation ratio between the terminal of the tap and the high-voltage side is changed into 4, and the soft bus at the inlet wire of the traction substation is disconnected;
f1 phase buses and T2 phase buses on the 27.5kV side of a lead short circuit with enough sectional area are selected, and the short circuit is required to be connected reliably;
the method comprises the steps that a first section of feeder line is selected from a T1 phase and an F1 phase of a 27.5kV bus, a second section of feeder line is selected from a F2 phase of the 27.5kV bus, a 400V three-phase alternating current power box is selected as a power supply, the power box is provided with a switch, and the power box disconnected with the switch is respectively connected with the T phase and the F phase of the first section of feeder line and the F phase of the second section of feeder line. According to the short circuit of the F1 phase bus and the T2 phase bus at the 27.5kV side, the power box can be connected with the T phase of the first feeder line and the F phase and the T phase of the second feeder line respectively.
And carrying out safety and protection work on the test electrified part.
Step three, respectively finishing 27.5kV side voltage loop inspection, 220kV side voltage loop inspection, protection measurement current loop inspection and main transformer differential polarity loop inspection by adjusting the switching state of a primary loop of the traction substation; and judging whether each checked loop is normal or not according to the detection result.
Checking a voltage loop at the 27.5kV side: starting a power receiving program according to the power transmission mode of the boosting substation, sequentially closing a switch of a power box, an isolating switch of a voltage transformer and circuit breakers of the first section feeder line and the second section feeder line, wherein the 27.5kV side is fully electrified and the voltage is 400V, and the display states of the voltage and the current of the power box are observed to be abnormal; the voltage values of an F1 phase, a T1 phase, an F2 phase and a T2 phase of a 27.5kV bus are respectively read on each feeder line protection device of a microcomputer protection screen, the voltage value of a low-voltage side is read on a main transformer protection device, and when all the read values are about 0.84V and the error is within the range of +/-0.5%, a 27.5kV side voltage loop can be judged to be correct.
Checking a 220kV side voltage loop: starting a power receiving program according to a power transmission mode of a boosting substation, sequentially closing a main transformer outgoing line circuit breaker, enabling a main transformer to be electrified, observing that the voltage and the current of a power box are abnormal, sequentially closing a high-voltage side disconnecting switch and a circuit breaker, and enabling a 220kV side high-voltage bus to be electrified and the voltage to be 1600V. The method comprises the steps of respectively reading three-phase voltage values of a high-voltage side on a main protection device, a backup protection device, an automatic switching device and the like on a microcomputer protection screen, measuring the three-phase voltage values at the back of a metering screen by using a universal meter, and judging whether a 220kV side voltage loop is correct when line voltage is about 0.73V, phase voltage is about 0.42V and error is within a range of +/-0.5%.
Protection measurement current loop check: disconnecting a main transformer incoming line circuit breaker, carrying out electricity testing at a main transformer incoming line side disconnecting switch, switching on a main transformer incoming line grounding switch after confirming no electricity, enabling the 220kV bus ABC three-phase short circuit to be grounded, and switching on a main transformer high-voltage side circuit breaker; according to the theory, the primary current value of A, C phase of short-circuit current generated by a main transformer high-voltage loop is about 12.86A, the secondary acquisition value is about 0.016A, the primary current value of B phase is about 22.27A, the secondary acquisition value is about 0.028A, the primary current value of short-circuit current generated by a main transformer low-voltage side loop is about 51.44A, and the secondary acquisition value is about 0.064A.
Checking a main transformer differential polarity loop:
as shown in fig. 3, the current balance relationship of the single-phase transformer is,
Figure BDA0002035230900000101
therefore, the comprehensive calculation formula of the two single-phase transformers is as follows:
Figure BDA0002035230900000102
the equation for the differential current is,
Figure BDA0002035230900000103
the equation for the brake current is,
Figure BDA0002035230900000104
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002035230900000105
respectively converting the low-voltage current of the main transformer into a three-phase current at a high-voltage side;
Figure BDA0002035230900000106
Figure BDA0002035230900000111
the total current of the low-voltage side of the first main transformer and the total current of the low-voltage side of the second main transformer are respectively;
Figure BDA0002035230900000112
Figure BDA0002035230900000113
the current is the high-voltage side current of the main transformer;
Figure BDA0002035230900000114
actual current of each phase at the low-voltage side of the main transformer is obtained; kphIs the equilibrium coefficient; ida, Idb and Idc are three-phase differential currents respectively; ira, Irb, Irc are three-phase braking currents respectively;
according to the differential current and braking current equation, the collected current value can be converted to the same side for vector calculation, when the current secondary wiring is correct, the calculated differential current is approximately 0, and when the differential current value calculated by the protection device is not 0 and is greater than the braking current, the wiring error is judged.
Checking the current loops of the rest feeders:
disconnecting the three-phase alternating current power supply and connecting the three-phase alternating current power supply to the next feeder line loop; and checking the next feeder line loop for the protection measurement current loop, and judging whether the next feeder line loop is correct or not.
And after all the checks are finished, disconnecting the power box, removing the power line, separating all the circuit breakers and the isolating switches, disconnecting the short circuit between the F1 phase bus and the T2 phase bus at the 27.5kV side, connecting the ground return wire and the rail return wire at the short circuit position of the tail end of the secondary winding and the head end of the other secondary winding, and connecting the soft bus at the wire inlet position of the traction substation.

Claims (2)

1. A method for verifying the integrity of an alternating current loop on the low-voltage side of a railway traction station under pressure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, calculating short-circuit currents of a high-voltage side and a low-voltage side when a main transformer is pressurized at the low-voltage side and short-circuited at the high-voltage side;
selecting a power supply with proper capacity and a power line capable of bearing the short-circuit current according to the calculated short-circuit current, and connecting the power supply to a primary loop of a traction substation;
step three, respectively finishing 27.5kV side voltage loop inspection, 220kV side voltage loop inspection, protection measurement current loop inspection and main transformer differential polarity loop inspection by adjusting the switching state of a primary loop of the traction substation; judging whether each checked loop is normal or not according to the detection result;
in the first step, the main transformer adopts a single-phase transformer, when the low-voltage side is pressurized and the high-voltage side is short-circuited,
Figure FDA0003278091910000011
Figure FDA0003278091910000012
when the resistance value is neglected:
Figure FDA0003278091910000013
and the short-circuit impedance value of the transformer is the ratio of the voltage to the current when in short circuit:
Figure FDA0003278091910000014
obtaining a high-voltage side short-circuit current I'kAnd low side short circuit current I ″)k，
Figure FDA0003278091910000021
I″k＝4I′k
Wherein S isnThe rated capacity of the main transformer is obtained; u shapenThe rated voltage of the main transformer is obtained; u'kIs a high side voltage measurement; i isnRated current of the main transformer; u. ofk% is the main transformer impedance voltage percentage; zT、RT、XTRespectively representing the impedance value, the resistance value and the reactance value of the main transformer;
in the second step, the selected power supply is a three-phase alternating current power supply, and the specific connection mode comprises the following steps: setting all switches in the substation to be in an open state, and disconnecting the soft bus at the inlet wire of the substation; disconnecting a ground return line and a rail return line which are connected at a short circuit position of the tail end of a secondary winding at the low-voltage side of a main transformer and the head end of another secondary winding; the method comprises the following steps of short-circuiting an F1 phase bus and a T2 phase bus at the 27.5kV side, leading out a pair of feeder lines from the T1 phase bus and the F1 phase bus at the 27.5kV side, leading out another pair of feeder lines from the T2 phase bus and the F2 phase bus, and respectively connecting each phase output of a three-phase alternating-current power supply with one feeder line;
checking a voltage loop at the 27.5kV side: closing a switch of the three-phase alternating current power supply, an isolating switch of a voltage transformer and circuit breakers of a first section of feeder line and a second section of feeder line, wherein the first section of feeder line is selected from a T1 phase and an F1 phase of a 27.5kV bus, and the second section of feeder line is selected from an F2 phase of the 27.5kV bus; determining whether a voltage loop on the 27.5kV side is normal or not according to the voltage and the current of the three-phase alternating-current power supply and by judging whether voltage values on a T1-phase bus, an F1-phase bus, a T2-phase bus and an F2-phase bus on the 27.5kV side exceed corresponding ranges or not;
checking a 220kV side voltage loop: closing a main transformer outgoing line circuit breaker, and closing a high-voltage side disconnecting switch and a circuit breaker; judging whether a 220kV side voltage loop is normal or not by judging the line voltage value and the phase voltage value of the three-phase voltage;
the protection measurement current loop check: disconnecting a main transformer incoming line circuit breaker, carrying out electricity testing at a main transformer incoming line side disconnecting switch, and switching on a main transformer incoming line grounding switch and a main transformer high-voltage side circuit breaker after confirming no electricity; judging whether the protection measuring current loop is normal or not according to the high-low voltage side measuring loop current and the protection loop current;
checking the main transformer differential polarity loop:
the current balance relation of the single-phase transformer is that,
Figure FDA0003278091910000031
Figure FDA0003278091910000032
the equation for the differential current is,
Figure FDA0003278091910000033
the equation for the brake current is,
Figure FDA0003278091910000034
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003278091910000035
respectively converting the low-voltage current of the main transformer into a three-phase current at a high-voltage side;
Figure FDA0003278091910000036
Figure FDA0003278091910000041
the total current of the low-voltage side of the first main transformer and the total current of the low-voltage side of the second main transformer are respectively;
Figure FDA0003278091910000042
Figure FDA0003278091910000043
the current is the high-voltage side current of the main transformer;
Figure FDA0003278091910000044
actual current of each phase at the low-voltage side of the main transformer is obtained; kphIs the equilibrium coefficient; ida, Idb and Idc are three-phase differential currents respectively; ira, Irb, Irc are three-phase braking currents respectively;
and judging whether the main transformer differential polarity loop is normal or not according to the three-phase differential current and the three-phase braking current.
2. The method for verifying the integrity of an ac circuit on the low voltage side of a railway traction substation as claimed in claim 1, wherein after all checks are performed, the three-phase ac power supply is disconnected, all circuit breakers and disconnectors are separated, the connection between the 27.5kV side F1 phase bus and the T2 phase bus is disconnected, a ground return line and a rail return line are connected at the short circuit between the tail end of the secondary winding and the head end of the other secondary winding, and a soft bus is connected at the incoming line of the traction substation.
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