CN110031311B - Method for rapidly measuring tensile mechanical property of rock - Google Patents
Method for rapidly measuring tensile mechanical property of rock Download PDFInfo
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- CN110031311B CN110031311B CN201910420097.4A CN201910420097A CN110031311B CN 110031311 B CN110031311 B CN 110031311B CN 201910420097 A CN201910420097 A CN 201910420097A CN 110031311 B CN110031311 B CN 110031311B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
- F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
- F25D3/105—Movable containers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
- G01N2203/0429—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils using adhesive bond; Gluing
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Abstract
The method for rapidly measuring the tensile mechanical property of the rock comprises the following steps of (1) manufacturing a rock sample; (2) bonding two ends of the rock sample with clamping sleeves in the clamping assembly respectively by using super glue, and rapidly cooling and solidifying the super glue between the two ends of the rock sample and the clamping sleeves by using a rapid condensation device; (3) after the two ends of the rock sample are firmly bonded with the clamping sleeves, taking out the rock sample from the rapid condensing device, assembling the clamping sleeves at the two ends of the rock sample with the rest parts in the clamping assembly, then fixedly installing the clamping assemblies at the two ends of the rock sample on a tensile testing machine, and starting to measure the tensile mechanical property of the rock sample; (4) after the stretching is finished, taking down the rock sample and the clamping assembly, and rapidly splitting the rock sample and the clamping assembly; (5) repeating the steps (1) to (4), and continuously measuring the tensile mechanical properties of a plurality of rock samples; (6) and finishing the test. The invention has convenient and quick assembly and disassembly and improves the test efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock tensile tests, in particular to a method for rapidly measuring rock tensile mechanical properties.
Background
The rock is a non-homogeneous material and contains defects such as micro cracks, pores and the like inside, so that the tensile strength of the rock is far lower than the compressive strength of the rock, and the rock cannot bear large tensile stress. The tension failure is one of the main failure modes of an engineering rock mass and a natural rock mass, the failure of the engineering rock mass is usually started from the local tension failure of the rock, the underground engineering surrounding rock mass is mostly in a three-way stress state, and after the engineering excavation unloading, the surrounding rock mass is possibly in a stress state that the two-way compression is carried out and the tension is carried out in one direction, so that the strength characteristic of the rock in the tension stress state needs to be researched.
Chinese patent CN205826421U discloses a device for measuring direct tensile mechanical parameters of a rock, which can perform direct tensile test on a rock sample, effectively avoid eccentric loading when the rock sample is pulled, is simple and convenient to operate, is convenient to disassemble and assemble the rock sample, can directly measure the loading deformation condition of the rock sample through a strain gauge, and is accurate in measurement; however, this device still has some drawbacks: the upper connecting seat and the lower connecting seat are connected through the connecting bolt, time and labor are wasted in installation and disassembly, the connecting column on the clamping sleeve is in threaded connection with the threaded hole on the lower connecting seat, the lower connecting seat needs to be screwed on the connecting column in a rotating mode during assembly, operation is complex, assembly errors are easy to generate after threads are worn, moreover, two end faces of a rock sample and the bottom faces of the two grooves are bonded through strong glue, the bonding surface of the bonding structure is small, strength is low, debonding is easy to occur, the test effect is poor, and after a rock tensile test is completed once, the two end faces of the rock sample and the bottom faces of the two grooves are not easy to separate due to the effect of the strong glue, and the efficiency of the rock tensile test is seriously influenced; and when the rock sample is bonded, the strong glue has longer curing time.
In order to solve the above problems, people are always seeking an ideal technical solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for rapidly measuring the tensile mechanical property of a rock, wherein all parts are convenient and rapid to mount and dismount, a rock sample is large in bonding surface and high in strength, a heating device is arranged, strong glue can be rapidly melted, the rock sample and a clamping sleeve can be rapidly separated, the cooling and curing time of the strong glue is greatly shortened, and the testing efficiency is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for rapidly measuring the tensile mechanical property of rock comprises the following steps,
(1) manufacturing a cylindrical rock sample;
(2) bonding two ends of the rock sample with clamping sleeves in the clamping assembly respectively by using super glue, and rapidly cooling and solidifying the super glue between the two ends of the rock sample and the clamping sleeves by using a rapid condensation device;
(3) after the two ends of the rock sample are firmly bonded with the clamping sleeves, taking out the rock sample from the rapid condensing device, assembling the clamping sleeves at the two ends of the rock sample with the rest parts in the clamping assembly, then fixedly installing the clamping assemblies at the two ends of the rock sample on a tensile testing machine, and starting to measure the tensile mechanical property of the rock sample;
(4) after the tensile mechanical property test is finished, taking down the rock sample and the clamping assembly, and rapidly splitting the rock sample and the clamping assembly;
(5) repeating the steps (1) to (4), and continuously measuring the tensile mechanical properties of a plurality of rock samples;
(6) and finishing the test.
The clamping assembly comprises a spherical hinge rod, a first connecting seat, a second connecting seat and a clamping sleeve, the central lines of the spherical hinge rod, the first connecting seat, the second connecting seat and the clamping sleeve are superposed, the spherical hinge rod comprises a connecting rod and a connecting head fixed at the lower end of the connecting rod, the connecting head is of a hemispherical structure, the diameter of the connecting head is larger than that of the connecting rod, the first connecting seat and the second connecting seat are of disc-shaped structures, the lower surface of the first connecting seat is in tight press contact with the upper surface of the second connecting seat, four vertical pin holes which are through up and down are uniformly formed in the first connecting seat and the second connecting seat along the circumferential direction, the four vertical pin holes in the first connecting seat respectively correspond to the four vertical pin holes in the second connecting seat up and down and are all inserted through vertical connecting pins, a mounting hole is formed in the center of the first connecting seat, the diameter at the upper opening of the mounting hole is the same as that of the connecting rod, and the diameter at the lower opening of the mounting hole is the same as that of the connecting head, the upper part of the mounting hole is provided with a hemispherical structure corresponding to the connector, the connector is arranged in the mounting hole, the connecting rod penetrates through the mounting hole and extends upwards out of the first connecting seat, the center of the second connecting seat is provided with a connecting hole, the center of the upper surface of the clamping sleeve is fixedly connected with a cylindrical connecting column, the second connecting seat and the connecting column are respectively provided with two horizontal pin holes which are spaced up and down along the radial direction, the connecting column is spliced and assembled in the connecting hole, the two horizontal pin holes on the second connecting seat are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the two horizontal pin holes on the connecting column and are spliced through horizontal connecting pins, the two horizontal connecting pins are vertically and vertically staggered, the center of the lower end surface of the clamping sleeve is provided with a cylindrical vertical groove, and the depth of the vertical groove is more than or equal to 5 cm; a cylindrical rock sample is clamped between the two clamping sleeves, two end parts of the rock sample are respectively inserted into the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves, and the outer circumference of each clamping sleeve is provided with a glue melting device.
The glue melting device is a high-frequency induction heating coil sleeved on the outer circumference of the clamping sleeve, an insulating sleeve is arranged outside the high-frequency induction heating coil, and an aviation plug electrically connected with the high-frequency induction heating coil is arranged outside the insulating sleeve.
An annular cavity is arranged between the vertical groove on the upper side and the outer circumference of the upper end part of the rock sample, an expansion sleeve is arranged in the annular cavity, an expansion joint is arranged on the side wall of the expansion sleeve from the upper end to the lower end along the axis direction, and at least two jacking grooves are uniformly arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the expansion sleeve along the circumferential direction;
the lower end face of the clamping sleeve is provided with wrench operation grooves with the same number as the jacking grooves, the clamping sleeve is provided with threaded holes communicating the wrench operation grooves and the vertical grooves, the central line of each threaded hole is arranged along the radial direction of the clamping sleeve, the threaded holes correspond to the jacking grooves one by one, fastening bolts are in threaded connection in each of the two threaded holes, the inner ends of the fastening bolts are jacked at the bottom of the jacking grooves, the diameter of rod parts of the fastening bolts is smaller than that of the jacking grooves, the heads of the fastening bolts are located in the annular grooves, and the length of the fastening bolts is smaller than the size of the wrench operation grooves along the radial direction of the clamping sleeve; the inner diameter of the expansion sleeve is 1-3mm larger than the outer diameter of the rock sample, and the outer diameter of the expansion sleeve is equal to the inner diameter of the vertical groove; and strong glue is adopted to bond between the two end surfaces of the rock sample and the inner end surfaces of the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves as well as between the outer circumferential surfaces of the two ends of the rock sample and the inner side surfaces of the two expansion sleeves.
The rapid condensing device comprises a condensing platform, two condensing boxes and a liquid nitrogen tank, wherein the upper surface of the condensing platform is horizontally arranged, the two condensing boxes are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the condensing platform, the two condensing boxes are identical in structure and are correspondingly positioned on the same straight line in the left-right direction, the condensing box on the left side is fixedly connected to the left side of the upper surface of the condensing platform, the condensing box on the right side is slidably connected to the right side of the upper surface of the condensing platform, the liquid nitrogen tank is respectively connected with the two condensing boxes through connecting pipes, and a valve is arranged at the outlet of the liquid nitrogen tank;
the left condensing box comprises a box body with an open upper side and a box cover buckled on the upper side of the box body, the left side of the box cover is connected with the left side of the upper end of the box body through a hinge, a vertical downward cover plate is arranged on the right side of the box cover, the cover plate is spliced with the right side plate of the box body, a downward semicircular opening is arranged in the middle of the right side plate of the box body, an upward concave upper semicircular opening is arranged in the middle of the cover plate, the upper semicircular opening and the lower semicircular opening are vertically and correspondingly spliced into a complete circle, the diameter of the circle is 1-3mm larger than the outer diameter of a rock sample, and semicircular sealing gaskets are respectively arranged on the edges of the lower semicircular opening and the upper semicircular opening.
The lower side of the cover plate is horizontally provided with an upper connecting plate respectively on the front side and the rear side of the upper semicircular opening, the upper side of the right side plate of the box body is horizontally provided with a lower connecting plate which vertically corresponds to the upper connecting plate respectively on the front side and the rear side of the lower semicircular opening, and the two upper connecting plates and the two lower connecting plates are connected through locking bolts.
Dovetail guide rail has been seted up to condensation platform's upper surface right side portion, and the matching sliding connection has the forked tail slider in the dovetail guide rail, and the condensing box bottom fixed connection on right side has positioning bolt at the upper surface of forked tail slider, and threaded connection has positioning bolt on the forked tail slider, and positioning bolt is vertical to be set up, and positioning bolt's screw rod bottom passes forked tail slider and dovetail guide rail bottom surface roof pressure contact.
The box body is also provided with a pressure gauge, a temperature sensor and an exhaust pipe, and the exhaust pipe is provided with an exhaust valve; the outer walls of the box body and the box cover are coated with a heat-insulating layer.
The step (2) is specifically as follows: firstly, uniformly coating a layer of super glue on the inner end surfaces of the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves and the inner side surfaces of the two expansion sleeves, then respectively inserting and connecting the two ends of a rock sample into the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves, respectively enabling the two end surfaces of the rock sample to be respectively in pressing contact with the inner end surfaces of the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves, and enabling the outer circumferential surfaces of the two ends of the rock sample to be in pressing contact with the inner side surfaces of the two expansion sleeves, so that the super glue is filled between the two end surfaces of the rock sample and the inner end surfaces of the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves and between the outer circumferential surfaces of the two ends of the rock sample and the inner side surfaces of the two expansion sleeves, then screwing the fastening bolts in the wrench operation grooves on the lower end surfaces of the clamping sleeves by using a wrench, and accordingly enabling the inner ends of the fastening bolts to respectively correspondingly press against the bottoms of the jacking grooves on the outer circumferences of the expansion sleeves, and contraction sleeves to be stressed and contracted, and finally, adjusting the position of the right condenser box on a condensing platform according to the length of the rock sample to enable the distance between the two condenser boxes to be matched with the length of the rock sample, ensuring that the clamping sleeves at the two ends of the rock sample are respectively placed in the boxes of the two condenser boxes, buckling the box covers of the two condenser boxes on the boxes, connecting the box covers with the boxes through locking bolts, so that the clamping sleeves at the two ends of the rock sample are just sealed in the two condenser boxes, opening a valve of a liquid nitrogen tank, respectively filling a certain amount of liquid nitrogen into the two condenser boxes through connecting pipes by the liquid nitrogen tank, and then closing the valve, so that under the cooling action of the liquid nitrogen, the powerful glue between the two end surfaces of the rock sample and the inner end surfaces of the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves and between the outer circumferential surfaces at the two ends of the rock sample and the inner side surfaces of the two expansion sleeves is rapidly cooled and solidified .
The step (4) is specifically as follows: after the tensile test is finished, the rock sample and the clamping assembly are taken down from the tensile testing machine together, four vertical connecting pins between a first connecting seat and a second connecting seat of the clamping assembly are respectively detached, so that the first connecting seat and the second connecting seat are quickly separated, then two horizontal connecting pins between the second connecting seat and a connecting column on a clamping sleeve are detached, so that the second connecting seat and the clamping sleeve are quickly separated, finally, the high-frequency induction heating coil is connected with an external power supply, the clamping sleeve is heated after being electrified by the high-frequency induction heating coil, heat is conducted into a vertical groove through the clamping sleeve, the powerful glue is melted, and therefore the rock sample, the clamping sleeve and the expansion sleeve are easy and quick to separate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress, and particularly, the first connecting seat and the second connecting seat of the invention are spliced through four vertical connecting pins, and the second connecting seat and the connecting columns on the clamping sleeves are spliced through two horizontal connecting pins, so that the installation and the disassembly are convenient and rapid, strong glue is adopted between the two end surfaces of the rock sample and the inner end surfaces of the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves as well as between the outer circumferential surfaces of the two ends of the rock sample and the inner side surfaces of the two expansion sleeves for bonding, the bonding surface of the rock sample can be increased, the bonding strength is high, the debonding is not easy to occur, moreover, the inner ends of the fastening bolts respectively press the bottom of the corresponding top pressure grooves on the expansion sleeves, thereby the expansion sleeves can be tightly pressed and bonded with the rock sample, the outer circumferential surfaces of the two ends of the rock sample are respectively bonded with the inner side surfaces of the corresponding two expansion sleeves more firmly, in the bonding process, the clamping sleeves at the two ends of the rock sample are placed in the two condensing boxes, and the liquid nitrogen is filled into the two condensing boxes by the liquid nitrogen tank, so that under the cooling effect of the liquid nitrogen, the super glue between the two end surfaces of the rock sample and the inner end surfaces of the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves as well as between the outer circumferential surfaces at the two ends of the rock sample and the inner side surfaces of the two expansion sleeves is rapidly cooled and solidified, and the cooling and solidifying time of the super glue is greatly shortened; the outer circumference cover of clutch collar is equipped with high frequency induction heating coil, and after accomplishing a rock sample tensile test, aviation plug connection power, high frequency induction heating coil circular telegram heats the clutch collar, and the heat is in clutch collar conduction to vertical recess, melts the super glue, alright easily, quickly separating rock sample, clutch collar and breathing sleeve to repeated bonding rock sample accomplishes the tensile test of many times rock sample, improves rock tensile test's efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a clamping assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the expansion sleeve of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the rapid condensing device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a right side view of the left side of the condenser case of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the right side of the condensing box of the present invention connected to a condensing platform.
FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of a rock specimen of the present invention with two ends and two clamping sleeves placed in two condensor boxes.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are further described below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-6, the method for rapidly measuring the tensile mechanical property of the rock comprises the following steps,
(1) manufacturing a cylindrical rock sample 10;
(2) bonding two ends of the rock sample 10 with the clamping sleeves 3 in the clamping assembly respectively by using super glue, and rapidly cooling and solidifying the super glue between the two ends of the rock sample 10 and the clamping sleeves 3 by using a rapid condensation device;
(3) after the two ends of the rock sample 10 are firmly bonded with the clamping sleeves 3, taking out the rock sample from the rapid condensing device, assembling the clamping sleeves 3 at the two ends of the rock sample 10 with the rest parts in the clamping assemblies, then fixedly installing the clamping assemblies at the two ends of the rock sample 10 on a tensile testing machine, and starting to measure the tensile mechanical property of the rock sample 10;
(4) after the tensile mechanical property test is finished, taking down the rock sample 10 and the clamping assembly, and rapidly splitting the rock sample 10 and the clamping assembly;
(5) repeating the steps (1) to (4), and continuously measuring the tensile mechanical properties of the plurality of rock samples 10;
(6) and finishing the test.
The clamping assembly comprises a spherical hinge rod, a first connecting seat 1, a second connecting seat 2 and a clamping sleeve 3, the central lines of the spherical hinge rod, the first connecting seat 1, the second connecting seat 2 and the clamping sleeve 3 are superposed, the spherical hinge rod comprises a connecting rod 4 and a connector 5 fixed at the lower end of the connecting rod 4, the connector 5 is of a hemispherical structure, the diameter of the connector 5 is larger than that of the connecting rod 4, the first connecting seat 1 and the second connecting seat 2 are both of a disc-shaped structure, the lower surface of the first connecting seat 1 is in tight press contact with the upper surface of the second connecting seat 2, four vertical pin holes which are through up and down are uniformly arranged on the first connecting seat 1 and the second connecting seat 2 along the circumferential direction, the four vertical pin holes on the first connecting seat 1 respectively correspond to the four vertical pin holes on the second connecting seat 2 up and down one by one and are all spliced through vertical connecting pins 6, a mounting hole 7 is arranged at the center of the first connecting seat 1, the diameter of the upper opening of the mounting hole 7 is the same as that of the connecting rod 4, the diameter of the lower opening of the mounting hole 7 is the same as that of the connector 5, the upper part of the mounting hole 7 is of a hemispherical structure corresponding to the connector 5, the connector 5 is arranged in the mounting hole 7, the connecting rod 4 penetrates through the mounting hole 7 and upwards extends out of the first connecting seat 1, the center of the second connecting seat 2 is provided with a connecting hole, the center of the upper surface of the clamping sleeve 3 is fixedly connected with a cylindrical connecting column 8, the second connecting seat 2 and the connecting column 8 are respectively provided with two horizontal pin holes which are spaced up and down along the radial direction, the connecting column 8 is spliced and assembled in the connecting hole, the two horizontal pin holes on the second connecting seat 2 respectively correspond to the two horizontal pin holes on the connecting column 8 one by one and are spliced through horizontal connecting pins 9, the two horizontal connecting pins 9 are vertically and vertically staggered, and the center of the lower end surface of the clamping sleeve 3 is provided with a cylindrical vertical groove, the depth of the vertical groove is more than or equal to 5 cm; a cylindrical rock sample 10 is clamped between the two clamping sleeves 3, two end parts of the rock sample 10 are respectively inserted into the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves 3, and the outer circumference of each clamping sleeve 3 is provided with a glue melting device.
The glue melting device is a high-frequency induction heating coil 11 sleeved on the outer circumference of the clamping sleeve 3, an insulating sleeve 15 is arranged outside the high-frequency induction heating coil 11, and an aviation plug 29 electrically connected with the high-frequency induction heating coil 11 is arranged outside the insulating sleeve 15.
An annular cavity is arranged between the vertical groove on the upper side and the outer circumference of the upper end part of the rock sample 10, an expansion sleeve 12 is arranged in the annular cavity, an expansion joint 13 is arranged on the side wall of the expansion sleeve 12 from the upper end to the lower end along the axis direction, at least two top pressure grooves are uniformly arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the expansion sleeve 12 along the circumferential direction, and the expansion joint 13 of the expansion sleeve 12 is provided with a space for extrusion contraction;
the lower end face of the clamping sleeve 3 is provided with wrench operation grooves 14 with the same number as the jacking grooves, the clamping sleeve 3 is provided with threaded holes communicating the wrench operation grooves 14 with vertical grooves, the central line of each threaded hole is arranged along the radial direction of the clamping sleeve 3, the threaded holes correspond to the jacking grooves one by one, each of the two threaded holes is in threaded connection with a fastening bolt 16, the inner end of each fastening bolt 16 is jacked at the bottom of the jacking groove, the diameter of the rod part of each fastening bolt 16 is smaller than that of the jacking groove, the head part of each fastening bolt 16 is positioned in the annular groove, and the length of each fastening bolt 16 is smaller than the size of the wrench operation groove 14 along the radial direction of the clamping sleeve 3; the inner diameter of the expansion sleeve 12 is 1-3mm larger than the outer diameter of the rock sample 10, and the outer diameter of the expansion sleeve 12 is equal to the inner diameter of the vertical groove; and strong glue is adopted to bond between the two end surfaces of the rock sample 10 and the inner end surfaces of the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves 3 and between the outer circumferential surfaces of the two ends of the rock sample 10 and the inner side surfaces of the two expansion sleeves 12.
The rapid condensing device comprises a condensing platform 17, two condensing boxes and a liquid nitrogen tank 18, wherein the upper surface of the condensing platform 17 is horizontally arranged, the two condensing boxes are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the condensing platform 17, the two condensing boxes are identical in structure and are correspondingly positioned on the same straight line from left to right, the condensing box on the left side is fixedly connected to the left side of the upper surface of the condensing platform 17, the condensing box on the right side is slidably connected to the right side of the upper surface of the condensing platform 17, the liquid nitrogen tank 18 is respectively connected with the two condensing boxes through a connecting pipe 19, and a valve 20 is arranged at an outlet of the liquid nitrogen tank 18;
the left condensation box comprises a box body 21 with an open upper side and a box cover 22 buckled on the upper side of the box body 21, the left side of the box cover 22 is connected with the left side of the upper end of the box body 21 through a hinge, a cover plate 23 which faces vertically downwards is arranged on the right side of the box cover 22, the cover plate 23 is spliced with the right side plate of the box body 21, a lower semicircular opening which is concave downwards is arranged in the middle of the right side plate of the box body 21, an upper semicircular opening which is concave upwards is arranged in the middle of the cover plate 23, the upper semicircular opening and the lower semicircular opening are vertically and correspondingly spliced into a complete circle, the diameter of the circle is 1-3mm larger than the outer diameter of the rock sample 10, and semicircular sealing gaskets are respectively arranged on the edges of the lower semicircular opening and the upper semicircular opening. The hinges and the sealing gaskets are of conventional design, not shown in the figure, and ensure that the condensation box is isolated from the outside when the box cover 22 is buckled on the box body 21, so that the sealing is kept, and meanwhile, the joint of the rock sample 10 and the condensation box is sealed.
An upper connecting plate 24 is horizontally arranged on the front side and the rear side of the upper semicircular opening of the lower side edge of the cover plate 23 respectively, lower connecting plates 25 which vertically correspond to the upper connecting plates 24 are horizontally arranged on the front side and the rear side of the lower semicircular opening of the upper side edge of the right side plate of the box body 21 respectively, and the two upper connecting plates 24 and the two lower connecting plates 25 are connected through locking bolts 26.
Dovetail guide rail has been seted up to condensation platform 17's upper surface right side portion, and the matching sliding connection has forked tail slider 27 in the dovetail guide rail, and the condensing box bottom fixed connection on right side has positioning bolt 28 at forked tail slider 27's upper surface, and threaded connection has positioning bolt 28 on forked tail slider 27, and positioning bolt 28 is vertical to be set up, and positioning bolt 28's screw rod bottom is passed forked tail slider 27 and dovetail guide rail bottom surface roof pressure contact. The dovetail guide rail is of conventional design, and the specific structure is not described in detail, and the dovetail guide rail is not shown in the figure.
The box body 21 is also provided with a pressure gauge 30, a temperature sensor 31 and an exhaust pipe 32, the pressure gauge 30 and the temperature sensor 31 are respectively used for measuring the pressure and the temperature in the condenser box so as to control the filling amount of the liquid nitrogen, the exhaust pipe 32 is provided with an exhaust valve 33, the exhaust valve 33 is properly opened according to the reading of the pressure gauge 30, the liquid nitrogen in the condenser box is exhausted to the external atmosphere through the exhaust pipe 32, and the overlarge pressure in the condenser box is avoided; the outer walls of the box body 21 and the box cover 22 are both coated with a heat insulation layer, the heat insulation layer is used for reducing heat exchange between the interior of the condensing box and the outside atmosphere, and the heat insulation layer is designed conventionally and is not shown in the figure.
The step (2) is specifically as follows: firstly, uniformly coating a layer of strong glue on the inner end surfaces of the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves 3 and the inner side surfaces of the two expansion sleeves 12, then respectively inserting the two ends of the rock sample 10 into the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves 3, respectively, enabling the two end surfaces of the rock sample 10 to be respectively in pressing contact with the inner end surfaces of the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves 3, and enabling the outer circumferential surfaces of the two ends of the rock sample 10 to be in pressing contact with the inner side surfaces of the two expansion sleeves 12, so that the strong glue is respectively filled between the two end surfaces of the rock sample 10 and the inner end surfaces of the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves 3 and between the outer circumferential surfaces of the two ends of the rock sample 10 and the inner side surfaces of the two expansion sleeves 12, then screwing the fastening bolts 16 in the wrench operation grooves 14 on the lower end surfaces of the clamping sleeves 3 by using a wrench, and enabling the inner ends of the fastening bolts 16 to correspondingly press against the bottoms of the top pressure grooves on the outer circumferences of the expansion sleeves 12 respectively, the expansion and contraction sleeves 12 are stressed to contract, the expansion and contraction gap is reduced, the inner side surfaces of the two expansion and contraction sleeves 12 are attached to the outer circumferential surfaces of two ends of the rock sample 10 more tightly, finally, the position of the right-side condensation box on the condensation platform 17 is adjusted according to the length of the rock sample 10, the distance between the two condensation boxes is matched with the length of the rock sample 10, the clamping sleeves 3 at two ends of the rock sample 10 are respectively placed in the box bodies 21 of the two condensation boxes, the box covers 22 of the two condensation boxes are buckled on the box bodies 21, the box covers 22 and the box bodies 21 are connected through locking bolts 26, so that the clamping sleeves 3 at two ends of the rock sample 10 are just sealed in the two condensation boxes, the valve 20 of the liquid nitrogen tank 18 is opened, the liquid nitrogen tank 18 respectively fills a certain amount of liquid nitrogen into the two condensation boxes through the connecting pipe 19, the valve 20 is closed, and under the cooling effect of the liquid nitrogen, and the super glue between the two end surfaces of the rock sample 10 and the inner end surfaces of the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves 3 and between the outer circumferential surfaces of the two ends of the rock sample 10 and the inner side surfaces of the two expansion sleeves 12 is rapidly cooled and solidified.
The step (4) is specifically as follows: after the tensile test is finished, the rock sample 10 and the clamping assembly are taken down from the tensile testing machine together, four vertical connecting pins 6 between the first connecting seat 1 and the second connecting seat 2 of the clamping assembly are respectively detached, so that the first connecting seat 1 and the second connecting seat 2 are quickly separated, then two horizontal connecting pins 9 between the second connecting seat 2 and the connecting column 8 on the clamping sleeve 3 are detached, so that the second connecting seat 2 and the clamping sleeve 3 are quickly separated, finally, an aviation plug 29 on the high-frequency induction heating coil 11 is connected with a power supply, the high-frequency induction heating coil 11 is electrified and then heats the clamping sleeve 3, heat is conducted into a vertical groove through the clamping sleeve 3, the powerful glue is melted, and therefore, the rock sample 10, the clamping sleeve 3 and the expansion sleeve 12 are easily and quickly separated.
According to the invention, the first connecting seat 1 and the second connecting seat 2 are spliced through four vertical connecting pins 6, the second connecting seat 2 and the connecting column 8 on the clamping sleeve 3 are spliced through two horizontal connecting pins 9, so that the installation and the disassembly are convenient and rapid, strong glue is adopted for bonding between two end surfaces of the rock sample 10 and the inner end surfaces of the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves 3 and between the outer circumferential surfaces of two ends of the rock sample 10 and the inner side surfaces of the two expansion sleeves 12, the bonding surface of the rock sample 10 can be increased, the bonding strength is high, the debonding is not easy to occur, and the inner ends of the fastening bolts 16 respectively press the bottom of the corresponding pressing grooves on the expansion sleeves 12, so that the expansion sleeves 12 can be tightly pressed and attached to the rock sample 10, the outer circumferential surfaces of two ends of the rock sample 10 are respectively bonded with the inner side surfaces of the corresponding two expansion sleeves 12 more firmly, in addition, in the bonding process, the clamping sleeves 3 at the two ends of the rock sample 10 are placed in the two condensing boxes, and the liquid nitrogen is filled into the two condensing boxes through the liquid nitrogen tank 18, so that under the cooling effect of the liquid nitrogen, the super glue between the two end surfaces of the rock sample 10 and the inner end surfaces of the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves 3 and between the outer circumferential surfaces at the two ends of the rock sample 10 and the inner side surfaces of the two expansion sleeves 12 is rapidly cooled and solidified, and the cooling and solidifying time of the super glue is greatly shortened; the outer circumference cover of clamping sleeve 3 is equipped with high frequency induction heating coil 11, and after accomplishing a rock sample 10 tensile test, aviation plug 29 connects the power, and high frequency induction heating coil 11 circular telegram heats clamping sleeve 3, and the heat conducts to vertical recess through clamping sleeve 3 in, melts the super glue, alright easily, quickly separating rock sample 10, clamping sleeve 3 and breathing sleeve 12 to repeated bonding rock sample 10 accomplishes the tensile test of many times rock sample 10, improves rock tensile test's efficiency.
The above embodiments are merely to illustrate rather than to limit the technical solutions of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that; modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and it is intended to cover in the claims the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The method for rapidly measuring the tensile mechanical property of the rock is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
(1) manufacturing a cylindrical rock sample;
(2) bonding two ends of the rock sample with clamping sleeves in the clamping assembly respectively by using super glue, and rapidly cooling and solidifying the super glue between the two ends of the rock sample and the clamping sleeves by using a rapid condensation device;
(3) after the two ends of the rock sample are firmly bonded with the clamping sleeves, taking out the rock sample from the rapid condensing device, assembling the clamping sleeves at the two ends of the rock sample with the rest parts in the clamping assembly, then fixedly installing the clamping assemblies at the two ends of the rock sample on a tensile testing machine, and starting to measure the tensile mechanical property of the rock sample;
(4) after the tensile mechanical property test is finished, taking down the rock sample and the clamping assembly, and rapidly splitting the rock sample and the clamping assembly;
(5) repeating the steps (1) to (4), and continuously measuring the tensile mechanical properties of a plurality of rock samples;
(6) and finishing the test;
the clamping assembly comprises a spherical hinge rod, a first connecting seat, a second connecting seat and a clamping sleeve, the central lines of the spherical hinge rod, the first connecting seat, the second connecting seat and the clamping sleeve are superposed, the spherical hinge rod comprises a connecting rod and a connecting head fixed at the lower end of the connecting rod, the connecting head is of a hemispherical structure, the diameter of the connecting head is larger than that of the connecting rod, the first connecting seat and the second connecting seat are of disc-shaped structures, the lower surface of the first connecting seat is in tight press contact with the upper surface of the second connecting seat, four vertical pin holes which are through up and down are uniformly formed in the first connecting seat and the second connecting seat along the circumferential direction, the four vertical pin holes in the first connecting seat respectively correspond to the four vertical pin holes in the second connecting seat up and down and are all inserted through vertical connecting pins, a mounting hole is formed in the center of the first connecting seat, the diameter at the upper opening of the mounting hole is the same as that of the connecting rod, and the diameter at the lower opening of the mounting hole is the same as that of the connecting head, the upper part of the mounting hole is provided with a hemispherical structure corresponding to the connector, the connector is arranged in the mounting hole, the connecting rod penetrates through the mounting hole and extends upwards out of the first connecting seat, the center of the second connecting seat is provided with a connecting hole, the center of the upper surface of the clamping sleeve is fixedly connected with a cylindrical connecting column, the second connecting seat and the connecting column are respectively provided with two horizontal pin holes which are spaced up and down along the radial direction, the connecting column is spliced and assembled in the connecting hole, the two horizontal pin holes on the second connecting seat are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the two horizontal pin holes on the connecting column and are spliced through horizontal connecting pins, the two horizontal connecting pins are vertically and vertically staggered, the center of the lower end surface of the clamping sleeve is provided with a cylindrical vertical groove, and the depth of the vertical groove is more than or equal to 5 cm; a cylindrical rock sample is clamped between the two clamping sleeves, two end parts of the rock sample are respectively inserted into the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves, and the outer circumference of each clamping sleeve is provided with a glue melting device;
the glue melting device is a high-frequency induction heating coil sleeved on the outer circumference of the clamping sleeve, an insulating sleeve is arranged outside the high-frequency induction heating coil, and an aviation plug electrically connected with the high-frequency induction heating coil is arranged outside the insulating sleeve;
an annular cavity is arranged between the vertical groove on the upper side and the outer circumference of the upper end part of the rock sample, an expansion sleeve is arranged in the annular cavity, an expansion joint is arranged on the side wall of the expansion sleeve from the upper end to the lower end along the axis direction, and at least two jacking grooves are uniformly arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the expansion sleeve along the circumferential direction;
the lower end face of the clamping sleeve is provided with wrench operation grooves with the same number as the jacking grooves, the clamping sleeve is provided with threaded holes communicating the wrench operation grooves and the vertical grooves, the central line of each threaded hole is arranged along the radial direction of the clamping sleeve, the threaded holes correspond to the jacking grooves one by one, fastening bolts are in threaded connection in each of the two threaded holes, the inner ends of the fastening bolts are jacked at the bottom of the jacking grooves, the diameter of rod parts of the fastening bolts is smaller than that of the jacking grooves, the heads of the fastening bolts are located in the annular grooves, and the length of the fastening bolts is smaller than the size of the wrench operation grooves along the radial direction of the clamping sleeve; the inner diameter of the expansion sleeve is 1-3mm larger than the outer diameter of the rock sample, and the outer diameter of the expansion sleeve is equal to the inner diameter of the vertical groove; and strong glue is adopted to bond between the two end surfaces of the rock sample and the inner end surfaces of the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves as well as between the outer circumferential surfaces of the two ends of the rock sample and the inner side surfaces of the two expansion sleeves.
2. The method for rapidly measuring the tensile mechanical properties of rock according to claim 1, wherein: the rapid condensing device comprises a condensing platform, two condensing boxes and a liquid nitrogen tank, wherein the upper surface of the condensing platform is horizontally arranged, the two condensing boxes are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the condensing platform, the two condensing boxes are identical in structure and are correspondingly positioned on the same straight line in the left-right direction, the condensing box on the left side is fixedly connected to the left side of the upper surface of the condensing platform, the condensing box on the right side is slidably connected to the right side of the upper surface of the condensing platform, the liquid nitrogen tank is respectively connected with the two condensing boxes through connecting pipes, and a valve is arranged at the outlet of the liquid nitrogen tank;
the left condensing box comprises a box body with an open upper side and a box cover buckled on the upper side of the box body, the left side of the box cover is connected with the left side of the upper end of the box body through a hinge, a vertical downward cover plate is arranged on the right side of the box cover, the cover plate is spliced with the right side plate of the box body, a downward semicircular opening is arranged in the middle of the right side plate of the box body, an upward concave upper semicircular opening is arranged in the middle of the cover plate, the upper semicircular opening and the lower semicircular opening are vertically and correspondingly spliced into a complete circle, the diameter of the circle is 1-3mm larger than the outer diameter of a rock sample, and semicircular sealing gaskets are respectively arranged on the edges of the lower semicircular opening and the upper semicircular opening.
3. The method for rapid measurement of tensile mechanical properties of rock according to claim 2, wherein: the lower side of the cover plate is horizontally provided with an upper connecting plate respectively on the front side and the rear side of the upper semicircular opening, the upper side of the right side plate of the box body is horizontally provided with a lower connecting plate which vertically corresponds to the upper connecting plate respectively on the front side and the rear side of the lower semicircular opening, and the two upper connecting plates and the two lower connecting plates are connected through locking bolts.
4. A method for rapid measurement of rock tensile mechanical properties according to claim 3, wherein: dovetail guide rail has been seted up to condensation platform's upper surface right side portion, and the matching sliding connection has the forked tail slider in the dovetail guide rail, and the condensing box bottom fixed connection on right side has positioning bolt at the upper surface of forked tail slider, and threaded connection has positioning bolt on the forked tail slider, and positioning bolt is vertical to be set up, and positioning bolt's screw rod bottom passes forked tail slider and dovetail guide rail bottom surface roof pressure contact.
5. The method for rapid measurement of tensile mechanical properties of rock according to claim 4, wherein: the box body is also provided with a pressure gauge, a temperature sensor and an exhaust pipe, and the exhaust pipe is provided with an exhaust valve; the outer walls of the box body and the box cover are coated with a heat-insulating layer.
6. The method for rapid measurement of tensile mechanical properties of rock according to claim 5, wherein: the step (2) is specifically as follows: firstly, uniformly coating a layer of super glue on the inner end surfaces of the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves and the inner side surfaces of the two expansion sleeves, then respectively inserting and connecting the two ends of a rock sample into the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves, respectively enabling the two end surfaces of the rock sample to be respectively in pressing contact with the inner end surfaces of the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves, and enabling the outer circumferential surfaces of the two ends of the rock sample to be in pressing contact with the inner side surfaces of the two expansion sleeves, so that the super glue is filled between the two end surfaces of the rock sample and the inner end surfaces of the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves and between the outer circumferential surfaces of the two ends of the rock sample and the inner side surfaces of the two expansion sleeves, then screwing the fastening bolts in the wrench operation grooves on the lower end surfaces of the clamping sleeves by using a wrench, and accordingly enabling the inner ends of the fastening bolts to respectively correspondingly press against the bottoms of the jacking grooves on the outer circumferences of the expansion sleeves, and contraction sleeves to be stressed and contracted, and finally, adjusting the position of the right condenser box on a condensing platform according to the length of the rock sample to enable the distance between the two condenser boxes to be matched with the length of the rock sample, ensuring that the clamping sleeves at the two ends of the rock sample are respectively placed in the boxes of the two condenser boxes, buckling the box covers of the two condenser boxes on the boxes, connecting the box covers with the boxes through locking bolts, so that the clamping sleeves at the two ends of the rock sample are just sealed in the two condenser boxes, opening a valve of a liquid nitrogen tank, respectively filling a certain amount of liquid nitrogen into the two condenser boxes through connecting pipes by the liquid nitrogen tank, and then closing the valve, so that under the cooling action of the liquid nitrogen, the powerful glue between the two end surfaces of the rock sample and the inner end surfaces of the vertical grooves of the two clamping sleeves and between the outer circumferential surfaces at the two ends of the rock sample and the inner side surfaces of the two expansion sleeves is rapidly cooled and solidified .
7. The method for rapid measurement of tensile mechanical properties of rock according to claim 6, wherein: the step (4) is specifically as follows: after the tensile test is finished, the rock sample and the clamping assembly are taken down from the tensile testing machine together, four vertical connecting pins between a first connecting seat and a second connecting seat of the clamping assembly are respectively detached, so that the first connecting seat and the second connecting seat are quickly separated, then two horizontal connecting pins between the second connecting seat and a connecting column on a clamping sleeve are detached, so that the second connecting seat and the clamping sleeve are quickly separated, finally, the high-frequency induction heating coil is connected with an external power supply, the clamping sleeve is heated after being electrified by the high-frequency induction heating coil, heat is conducted into a vertical groove through the clamping sleeve, the powerful glue is melted, and therefore the rock sample, the clamping sleeve and the expansion sleeve are easy and quick to separate.
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| CN110779808A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-02-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | High-temperature tensile test fixture suitable for special-shaped section steel wire |
| CN111678779B (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2023-07-04 | 超威电源集团有限公司 | Test method for performance of grid |
| CN111855393A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-30 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Brittle material tensile strength test clamping device |
| CN111781137A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-10-16 | 山东省医疗器械产品质量检验中心 | Locking type tool for medical tissue adhesive tensile strength test and using method thereof |
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