CN110031237B - Bench test device and method for driving shaft system for automobile - Google Patents
Bench test device and method for driving shaft system for automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN110031237B CN110031237B CN201910281873.7A CN201910281873A CN110031237B CN 110031237 B CN110031237 B CN 110031237B CN 201910281873 A CN201910281873 A CN 201910281873A CN 110031237 B CN110031237 B CN 110031237B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for testing a driving shaft system rack of an automobile, wherein the device comprises the following components: the device comprises a base, a temperature sensor, a control console, a driving motor mechanism and a load motor mechanism, wherein the driving motor mechanism and the load motor mechanism are respectively provided with an upper shaft clamp and a lower shaft clamp, a countershaft with universal joints at two ends is connected between the upper shaft clamps, and a Y-direction force sensor and a torque sensor are respectively arranged on the lower shaft clamps of the driving motor mechanism and the load motor mechanism; the bottom of the driving motor mechanism is sequentially provided with a rotating mechanism, an X-direction moving pair and a Y-direction moving pair from top to bottom; the invention can efficiently and accurately realize the simulation test of the performance parameters of a plurality of driving shafts, saves test time and cost, and provides effective technical support for the design development and performance test of the constant-speed driving shaft for automobiles, in particular NVH performance verification.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a bench test device and a bench test method for a driving shaft system of an automobile, which are used for measuring various performance parameters of the driving shaft of the automobile, in particular NVH performance parameters.
Background
The driving shaft of the constant velocity universal joint assembly is an important component of an automobile transmission device, coordinates the traction force and the speed of an automobile under various running conditions, and ensures that the left and right driving wheels of the automobile can adapt to the differential speed requirement. The quality and reliability of the working performance directly influence the safety, stability and comfort of the automobile driving, so that strict performance test is required before the automobile driving device is used.
With the widespread use of electric vehicles (the driving torque of a motor is large and the maximum value of torque can be reached instantaneously), high torque engines, the NVH problem of the vehicle due to the drive shaft system is more and more prominent. With the continuous development of automobile technology, as an important evaluation index of automobile riding comfort, the importance of NVH performance in the research and development production of automobiles is also continuously improved. Among various performance indexes of the driving shaft for the automobile, several indexes for measuring NVH performance are increasingly paid attention to.
At present, the main constant-speed driving shaft test board in China can only test a few performances of the driving shaft, such as circumferential gap, Y-direction gap, slip curve and the like, cannot test parameters representing NVH performance, such as Y-direction derivative force, high-frequency slip resistance, complementary torque and the like, cannot guarantee the quality of a constant-speed universal joint assembly product, and can cause repeated development of the test board and waste of human resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to test multiple driving shaft performance parameters including NVH performance indexes, and provides a driving shaft system bench test device and method for an automobile.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A drive shaft system bench test device for an automobile, comprising:
the upper end face of the base is provided with two Y-direction sliding grooves of the base in parallel along the length direction;
the device comprises a base, a driving motor mechanism and a load motor mechanism, wherein the driving motor mechanism and the load motor mechanism are oppositely arranged on the upper end face of the base, an upper shaft clamp and a lower shaft clamp are respectively arranged on the driving motor mechanism and the load motor mechanism, a countershaft with universal joints arranged at two ends is connected between the upper shaft clamps, and a Y-direction force sensor and a torque sensor are respectively arranged on the lower shaft clamps of the driving motor mechanism and the load motor mechanism; the bottom of the driving motor mechanism is sequentially provided with a rotating mechanism around a Z axis, an X-direction moving pair vertical to the Y-direction sliding groove of the base and a Y-direction moving pair moving along the Y-direction sliding groove of the base from top to bottom; the bottom of the load motor mechanism is sequentially provided with an X-direction moving pair vertical to the Y-direction sliding groove of the base and a Y-direction moving pair moving along the Y-direction sliding groove of the base from top to bottom;
A temperature sensor disposed in the vicinity of the universal joints of the drive shaft and the auxiliary shaft for monitoring a temperature change of the universal joints;
And the control console is respectively connected with the driving motor mechanism, the load motor mechanism, the temperature sensor, the Y-direction force sensor and the torque sensor in a signal way.
Further, the driving motor mechanism sequentially comprises a driving motor box, a driving motor box seat and a driving motor base from top to bottom, wherein a driving motor is arranged in the driving motor box, and the driving motor is respectively in power connection with a driving motor box end auxiliary shaft joint interface and a driving motor box end constant velocity universal joint interface which are arranged on the driving motor box in a replaceable manner; the top surface of the driving motor base is provided with driving motor base X-direction guide rails which are in sliding fit with X-direction sliding grooves at the bottom of the driving motor box base in parallel along the X-direction; the bottom surface of the driving motor base is provided with a driving motor base Y-direction guide rail which is in sliding fit with the base Y-direction sliding groove in parallel along the Y direction; and a driving motor box reinforcing rib is arranged at the joint of the driving motor box and the driving motor box seat.
Further, the load motor mechanism sequentially comprises from top to bottom: the load motor box is internally provided with a load motor, and the load motor is respectively in power connection with a load motor box end auxiliary shaft joint interface and a load motor box end constant velocity universal joint interface which are arranged on the load motor box in a replaceable manner; the upper layer load motor box seat is rotationally connected with the lower layer load motor box seat through a load motor rotating shaft system, and an angle sensor is arranged on a rotating shaft of the load motor rotating shaft system; the top surface of the load motor base is provided with a load motor base X-direction guide rail which is in sliding fit with an X-direction chute at the bottom of the lower layer load motor box base in parallel along the X-direction; the bottom of the load motor base is provided with a Y-direction guide rail of the load motor base which is in sliding fit with the Y-direction sliding groove of the base in parallel along the Y direction; and the connection part of the upper layer load motor box seat is provided with a load motor box reinforcing rib.
Further, positioning bolts for positioning are further arranged on the load motor base and the driving motor base; each chute is a T-shaped chute, the positioning bolts are T-shaped bolts, and the T-shaped bolts are matched with the T-shaped chute.
Further, limiting blocks for limiting Y-direction strokes of the driving motor mechanism and the load motor mechanism are arranged in Y-direction sliding grooves of two bases on the base, and limiting blocks are arranged on two sides of all X-direction guide rails and are respectively used for preventing the driving shaft from being damaged due to overlarge stretching or extrusion caused by overlarge Y-direction strokes and preventing the driving shaft and the auxiliary shaft from being damaged due to overlarge X-direction movement beyond a permissible range.
Further, air springs are respectively arranged at the four corners of the bottom of the base to serve as supports, so that the influence of self vibration of the test bed on the ground during long-time operation is reduced.
Further, the auxiliary shaft comprises a solid shaft and a sleeve, wherein a plurality of rings of balls are arranged on the inner ring of the sleeve along the radial direction, and an axial sliding pair is formed by the balls and the outer diameter of the solid shaft. For matching with driving shafts with different shaft lengths, the solid shaft and the sleeve are respectively provided with models with different lengths, and the interfaces can be matched in pairs with the same size.
Further, the load motor rotating shaft system comprises a motor-driven screw rod, and the screw rod drives the upper layer load motor box to rotate around a Z axis in a set range in a horizontal plane through a swing arm connected with the upper layer load motor box.
A bench test method of a driving shaft system for an automobile based on the device comprises the following steps:
Firstly, obtaining time domain signal data of total axial force according to real-time data recorded by an axial force sensor, storing and outputting the axial force data recorded in the axial force sensor and input parameters together, carrying out Fourier change on the time domain data of the total axial force to obtain frequency domain data, and taking a third-order value of the frequency domain data as a test measurement result of axial derivative force; and finally, drawing a relation curve of the axial force and each influence parameter through matlab, sequentially drawing images of the third-order axial force-torque and the third-order axial force-shaft inclination angle, and verifying the validity of test data.
Further, the calculation formula of the total axial force generated by the single ball ring is as follows:
wherein mu g is the equivalent dynamic friction coefficient between the movable spherical ring and the sliding groove, T is the load torque, r is the turning radius of the spherical ring, delta is the magnitude of the shaft inclination angle, beta y and gamma y are angles related to the geometric position of the driving shaft, and beta y and gamma y satisfy the following conditions:
cosγy＝δcosθ
Because the actual shaft inclination angle is not more than 14 degrees in the working process of the driving shaft, the calculation formula of the axial derivative force is as follows:
In the input condition, the rotating speed and the load torque are controlled by a control console, the inclination angle and the swing angle of the shaft are calculated and output real-time results through displacement signals of a driving motor and a load motor in the control console, and the dimension parameters of the driving shaft are read through engineering drawings of the driving shaft of the model; the equivalent dynamic friction coefficient of the grease is obtained by carrying out linear fitting on a plurality of driving shaft axial force data of the same driving shaft with quantitative grease and other parameters, wherein in the fitting process of the equivalent dynamic friction of the grease, the method comprises the following steps of As independent variables, using corresponding third-order directional force as dependent variables, adopting matlab, and fitting the equivalent dynamic friction factor of the lubricating grease by using a least square method; when the axial derivative force data exceeds 100, dividing the data into a training set and a test set, obtaining a fitting value of a dynamic friction factor through data fitting of the training set, verifying the error in the test set, and optimizing the fitting value according to the sum of errors of the training set and the test set.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that:
According to the invention, the driving motor and the load motor are used for simulating the input state of the driving shaft under the real working condition, so that the test of multiple driving shaft performance parameters can be efficiently and accurately realized, and the time and cost of the test are saved. Meanwhile, the method for processing the data is provided by taking the axial derivative force as an example, and effective technical support is provided for design development and performance test of the constant-speed driving shaft for the automobile, especially NVH performance verification.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of the operating principle of a drive shaft system test apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the operating principle of the drive shaft system test device;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic of a drive shaft system test apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional schematic of a drive motor portion of the drive shaft system test apparatus;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the drive motor portion of the drive shaft system test apparatus;
FIG. 6 is a side view of a portion of a drive motor in a drive shaft system test apparatus;
FIG. 7 is a top view of the drive motor portion of the drive shaft system test apparatus;
FIG. 8 is a three-dimensional schematic of the load motor portion of the drive shaft system test apparatus;
FIG. 9 is a front view of the load motor section of the drive shaft system test apparatus;
FIG. 10 is a side view of a load motor portion of the drive shaft system test apparatus;
FIG. 11 is a side view of a load motor portion of the drive shaft system test apparatus;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a method of processing drive shaft Y-direction derivative force test data;
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-driving motor mechanism, 2-Y direction force sensor, 3-first constant velocity universal joint, 4-second constant velocity universal joint, 5-torque sensor, 6-load motor mechanism, 7-driving shaft, 8-shaft inclination angle, 9-swing angle, 10-auxiliary shaft, 11-base and 12-base Y direction chute; the device comprises a 1-1-driving motor box, a 1-2-driving motor box end auxiliary shaft joint interface, a 1-3-driving motor box end constant velocity universal joint interface, a 1-4-driving motor box reinforcing rib, a 1-5-driving motor box seat, a 1-6-driving motor base X-direction guide rail and a 1-7-driving motor base; the device comprises a 6-1-load motor box, a 6-2-load motor box end auxiliary shaft joint interface, a 6-3-load motor box end constant velocity universal joint interface, a 6-4-load motor box reinforcing rib, a 6-5-load motor rotating shaft system, a 6-6-angle sensor and a 6-7-upper layer load motor box seat; 6-8-lower layer load motor box seats; 6-9-loading an X-direction guide rail of a motor base; 6-10-load motor base.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a drive shaft system bench test device for an automobile includes:
The upper end face of the base 11 is provided with two base Y-direction sliding grooves 12 in parallel along the length direction;
The device comprises a base 11, a driving motor mechanism 1 and a load motor mechanism 6 which are oppositely arranged on the upper end face of the base 11, wherein the driving motor mechanism 1 and the load motor mechanism 6 are respectively provided with an upper shaft clamp and a lower shaft clamp, a countershaft 10 with universal joints at two ends is connected between the upper shaft clamps, and Y-direction force sensors 2 and torque sensors 5 are respectively arranged on the lower shaft clamps of the driving motor mechanism and the load motor mechanism; the bottom of the driving motor mechanism 1 is sequentially provided with a rotating mechanism around a Z axis, an X-direction moving pair vertical to the Y-direction sliding groove 12 of the base and a Y-direction moving pair moving along the Y-direction sliding groove 12 of the base from top to bottom; the bottom of the load motor mechanism 6 is sequentially provided with an X-direction moving pair vertical to the Y-direction sliding groove 12 of the base and a Y-direction moving pair moving along the Y-direction sliding groove 12 of the base from top to bottom;
A temperature sensor disposed in the vicinity of the universal joints of the drive shaft and the auxiliary shaft for monitoring a temperature change of the universal joints;
And the control console is respectively connected with the driving motor mechanism 1, the load motor mechanism 6, the temperature sensor, the Y-direction force sensor 2 and the torque sensor in a signal way.
The Y-displacement of the driving motor mechanism 1 and the load motor mechanism 6 is convenient for the replacement and installation of the auxiliary shaft and the driving shaft; the X-direction displacement of the driving motor mechanism 1 and the load motor mechanism 6 can realize the adjustment of the Y-direction angle 8. In the working process, the driving motor mechanism 1 and the load motor mechanism 6 can provide corresponding rotational speed and torque input for the driving shaft according to signals of the control console, and simultaneously control the inclination angle and the swing angle of the driving shaft so as to simulate the real working condition of the driving shaft 7. Real-time test data can be obtained through data recorded by sensors such as axial force, torque and the like.
As shown in fig. 4-6, the driving motor mechanism 1 sequentially comprises a driving motor box 1-1, a driving motor box seat 1-5 and a driving motor base 1-7 from top to bottom, a driving motor is arranged in the driving motor box 1-1, and is respectively in power connection with a driving motor box end auxiliary shaft joint interface 1-2 and a driving motor box end constant velocity universal joint interface 1-3 which are arranged on the driving motor box 1-1 in a replaceable manner, so that the Y-direction position and the radial interface size can be adjusted to adapt to driving shaft constant velocity universal joints of different models.
The top surface of the driving motor base 1-7 is provided with driving motor base X-direction guide rails 1-6 which are in sliding fit with X-direction sliding grooves at the bottom of the driving motor box base 1-5 in parallel along the X direction; the bottom surfaces of the driving motor bases 1-7 are provided with driving motor base Y-direction guide rails which are in sliding fit with the base Y-direction sliding grooves 12 in parallel along the Y direction; the connection part of the driving motor box 1-1 and the driving motor box seat 1-5 is provided with a driving motor box reinforcing rib 1-4, so that the load capacity of the connection part is increased, and the service life of the machine is prolonged. The drive motor can provide excitation of Y-direction high-frequency small amplitude (more than 30Hz and less than 0.1 mm) for the drive shaft, and is used for providing input conditions of a high-frequency slip resistance test. The driving motor box 1-1 integrates a driving motor and a signal circuit, is connected with a control console, can receive a control console signal to control the rotating speed of the driving shaft 7, and can also transmit a signal of a sensor to the control console in real time.
As shown in fig. 8-11, the load motor mechanism 6 sequentially includes, from top to bottom: the load motor box 6-1, the upper load motor box seat 6-7, the lower load motor box seat 6-8 and the load motor base 6-10, wherein a load motor is arranged in the load motor box 6-1, and is respectively in power connection with a load motor box end auxiliary shaft joint interface 6-2 and a load motor box end constant velocity universal joint interface 6-3 which are arranged on the load motor box 6-1 in a replaceable manner, and the Y-direction position and the radial interface size can be adjusted to adapt to driving shaft constant velocity universal joints of different types. The upper layer load motor box seat 6-7 is rotatably connected with the lower layer load motor box seat 6-8 through the load motor rotating shaft system 6-5, an angle sensor 6-6 is arranged on a rotating shaft of the load motor rotating shaft system 6-5, the angle sensor 6-6 can detect the actual rotating angle, and the angle control precision is ensured. The top surface of the load motor base 6-10 is provided with load motor base X guide rails 6-9 which are in sliding fit with X-direction sliding grooves at the bottom of the lower load motor box seat 6-8 in parallel along the X direction; the bottoms of the load motor bases 6-10 are provided with load motor base Y-direction guide rails which are in sliding fit with the base Y-direction sliding grooves 12 in parallel along the Y direction; the connection parts of the load motor box 6-1 and the upper layer load motor box seat 6-7 are provided with load motor box reinforcing ribs 6-4, so that the load capacity of the connection parts is increased, and the service life of the machine is prolonged. The rotation angle of the load motor in the horizontal plane can meet the condition that one end of the medium-speed driving shaft has a swing angle 9 in part of the test. The load motor box 6-1 integrates a driving motor and a signal circuit, is connected with the control console, can receive the control console signal to control the rotation speed of the driving shaft, and can also transmit the signal of the sensor to the control console in real time. Through the three pairs of moving pairs, the load motor 6 can drive the constant velocity universal joint at the near load motor end to realize displacement in Y direction and X direction and rotation around a certain angle of a Z axis in a horizontal plane.
Preferably, positioning bolts for positioning are further arranged on the load motor base 6-10 and the driving motor base 1-7; each chute is a T-shaped chute, the positioning bolts are T-shaped bolts, and the T-shaped bolts are matched with the T-shaped chute.
Preferably, two base Y-direction sliding grooves 12 on the base 11 are provided with limiting blocks for limiting the Y-direction travel of the driving motor mechanism 1 and the load motor mechanism 6, and both sides of all the X-direction guide rails are provided with limiting blocks for respectively preventing the driving shaft from being damaged due to overlarge stretching or extrusion caused by overlarge Y-direction travel and preventing the driving shaft and the auxiliary shaft from being damaged due to overlarge X-direction movement beyond a permissible range.
Preferably, air springs are respectively arranged at the four corners of the bottom of the base 11 to serve as supports, so that the influence of self vibration of the test bed on the ground during long-time operation is reduced.
Preferably, the auxiliary shaft 10 comprises a solid shaft and a sleeve, wherein a plurality of rings of balls are arranged on the inner ring of the sleeve along the radial direction, and an axial sliding pair is formed by the balls and the outer diameter of the solid shaft. For matching with driving shafts with different shaft lengths, the solid shaft and the sleeve are respectively provided with 4 types with different lengths, and the interfaces can be matched in pairs with the same size.
Preferably, the load motor rotating shaft system 6-5 comprises a motor driven screw, and the screw drives the upper load motor box 6-7 to rotate around the Z axis in a set range in a horizontal plane through a swing arm connected with the upper load motor box 6-7.
Fig. 12 is a flowchart of a method of processing Y-direction derivative force data.
A bench test method of a driving shaft system for an automobile based on the device comprises the following steps:
Firstly, obtaining time domain signal data of total axial force according to real-time data recorded by an axial force sensor, storing and outputting the axial force data recorded in the axial force sensor and input parameters together, carrying out Fourier change on the time domain data of the total axial force to obtain frequency domain data, and taking a third-order value of the frequency domain data as a test measurement result of axial derivative force; finally, drawing a relation curve of the axial force and each influence parameter through matlab, drawing images of the third-order axial force-torque and the third-order axial force-shaft inclination angle in sequence, verifying the validity of test data,
The calculation formula of the total axial force generated by the single ball ring is as follows:
wherein mu g is the equivalent dynamic friction coefficient between the movable spherical ring and the sliding groove, T is the load torque, r is the turning radius of the spherical ring, delta is the magnitude of the shaft inclination angle, beta y and gamma y are angles related to the geometric position of the driving shaft, and beta y and gamma y satisfy the following conditions:
cosγy＝δcosθ
Because the actual shaft inclination angle is not more than 14 degrees in the working process of the driving shaft, the calculation formula of the axial derivative force is as follows:
In the input condition, the rotating speed and the load torque are controlled by a control console, the inclination angle and the swing angle of the shaft are calculated and output real-time results through displacement signals of a driving motor and a load motor in the control console, and the dimension parameters of the driving shaft are read through engineering drawings of the driving shaft of the model; the equivalent dynamic friction coefficient of the grease is obtained by carrying out linear fitting on a plurality of driving shaft axial force data of the same driving shaft with quantitative grease and other parameters, wherein in the fitting process of the equivalent dynamic friction of the grease, the method comprises the following steps of And taking the corresponding third-order directional force as a dependent variable, adopting matlab, and fitting the equivalent dynamic friction factor of the lubricating grease by using a least square method.
Preferably, when the axial derivative force data exceeds 100, the data are divided into a training set and a test set, the fitting value of the dynamic friction factor is obtained through the fitting of the training set data, the error size is verified in the test set, and the fitting value is optimized according to the sum of the errors of the training set and the test set.
The invention designs and manufactures the driving motor part, the load motor part and the base of the test device respectively, and ensures that the movement of the two motors can simulate various working conditions of the driving shaft in the working process; the input rotating speed, the load torque, the shaft inclination angle or the swing angle are adjusted through the control center to be matched with the input condition of the driving shaft in the real working condition, the corresponding parameter size is measured through the sensor, and the data are stored so as to facilitate further processing, in particular:
1) Driving motor operation and control principle:
The Y-direction displacement and the X-direction displacement of the constant-speed universal joint at the end of the driving motor can be realized according to signals input by the control console, so that the magnitude of the inclination angle of the shaft can be adjusted, constant rotation speed input is provided, and the rotation speed condition of the driving shaft in a real working condition is simulated.
2) Principle of operation and control of load motor:
The Y-direction displacement, the X-direction displacement and the rotation angle within a certain range in a horizontal plane of the constant-speed universal joint at the load motor end can be realized according to signals input by a control console, so that the magnitude of the inclination angle and the swing angle of the shaft can be adjusted, a constant torque load is provided, and the torque condition of a driving shaft in a real working condition is simulated.
3) The function of each sensor:
The axial force sensor is arranged at the end of the near-driving motor and is used for measuring the axial force in the tests of axial derivative force, sliding resistance, high-frequency sliding resistance and the like. The torque sensor is arranged at the load motor end and is used for measuring the torque generated by the universal joint in the tests of starting torque, complementary torque and the like. Temperature sensors are arranged near the universal joints of the main shaft and the auxiliary shaft, monitor temperature changes and provide signals for opening and closing the cooling fan.
4) The data processing method of the axial derivative force test comprises the following steps:
And storing and outputting the axial force data recorded in the sensor and the input parameters, carrying out Fourier change on the time domain data of the total axial force to obtain frequency domain data, and taking a third-order value of the frequency domain data as a test measurement result of the axial derivative force.
According to the invention, through the displacement of the driving motor and the load motor and the input conditions provided for the constant-speed driving shaft for the automobile, the simulation of the input states (rotation speed, load torque, shaft inclination angle and the like) of the driving shaft under the real working condition is realized, the test of multiple driving shaft performance parameters can be efficiently and accurately realized, and the test time and cost are saved. The method of data processing is also given by taking Y-direction derivative force as an example.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited in any way, and other variations and modifications may be made without departing from the technical aspects set forth in the claims. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the invention are desired to be protected by the following claims.
Claims (6)
1. A test method of a drive shaft system bench test device for an automobile, the device comprising:
The upper end face of the base (11) is provided with two Y-direction sliding grooves (12) of the base in parallel along the length direction;
The device comprises a base (11), a driving motor mechanism (1) and a load motor mechanism (6) which are oppositely arranged on the upper end face of the base, wherein the driving motor mechanism (1) and the load motor mechanism (6) are respectively provided with an upper shaft clamp and a lower shaft clamp, a countershaft (10) with universal joints at two ends is connected between the upper shaft clamps, and a Y-direction force sensor (2) and a torque sensor (5) are respectively arranged on the lower shaft clamps of the driving motor mechanism and the load motor mechanism; the bottom of the driving motor mechanism (1) is sequentially provided with a rotating mechanism around a Z axis, an X-direction moving pair vertical to the Y-direction sliding groove (12) of the base and a Y-direction moving pair moving along the Y-direction sliding groove (12) of the base from top to bottom; the bottom of the load motor mechanism (6) is sequentially provided with an X-direction moving pair vertical to the Y-direction sliding groove (12) of the base and a Y-direction moving pair moving along the Y-direction sliding groove (12) of the base from top to bottom;
A temperature sensor disposed in the vicinity of the universal joints of the drive shaft and the auxiliary shaft for monitoring a temperature change of the universal joints;
the control console is respectively connected with the driving motor mechanism (1), the load motor mechanism (6), the temperature sensor, the Y-direction force sensor (2) and the torque sensor in a signal manner;
The driving motor mechanism (1) sequentially comprises a driving motor box (1-1), a driving motor box seat (1-5) and a driving motor base (1-7) from top to bottom, wherein a driving motor is arranged in the driving motor box (1-1), and the driving motor is respectively in power connection with a driving motor box end auxiliary shaft joint interface (1-2) and a driving motor box end constant velocity universal joint interface (1-3) which are arranged on the driving motor box (1-1) in a replaceable manner; the top surface of the driving motor base (1-7) is provided with driving motor base X guide rails (1-6) which are in sliding fit with X-direction sliding grooves at the bottom of the driving motor box base (1-5) along the X direction in parallel; the bottom surfaces of the driving motor bases (1-7) are provided with driving motor base Y-direction guide rails which are in sliding fit with the base Y-direction sliding grooves (12) in parallel along the Y direction; a driving motor box reinforcing rib (1-4) is arranged at the joint of the driving motor box (1-1) and the driving motor box seat (1-5);
The load motor mechanism (6) sequentially comprises from top to bottom: the load motor box comprises a load motor box (6-1), an upper layer load motor box seat (6-7), a lower layer load motor box seat (6-8) and a load motor base (6-10), wherein a load motor is arranged in the load motor box (6-1), and the load motor is respectively in power connection with a load motor box end auxiliary shaft joint interface (6-2) and a load motor box end constant velocity universal joint interface (6-3) which are arranged on the load motor box (6-1) in a replaceable manner; the upper layer load motor box seat (6-7) is rotationally connected with the lower layer load motor box seat (6-8) through a load motor rotating shaft system (6-5), and an angle sensor (6-6) is arranged on a rotating shaft of the load motor rotating shaft system (6-5); the top surface of the load motor base (6-10) is provided with load motor base X guide rails (6-9) which are in sliding fit with X-direction sliding grooves at the bottom of the lower layer load motor box base (6-8) along the X direction in parallel; the bottom of the load motor base (6-10) is provided with a load motor base Y-direction guide rail which is in sliding fit with the base Y-direction sliding groove (12) in parallel along the Y direction; the connection parts of the load motor box (6-1) and the upper layer load motor box seat (6-7) are provided with load motor box reinforcing ribs (6-4);
The test method comprises the following steps:
Firstly, obtaining time domain signal data of total axial force according to real-time data recorded by an axial force sensor, storing and outputting the axial force data recorded in the axial force sensor and input parameters together, carrying out Fourier change on the time domain data of the total axial force to obtain frequency domain data, and taking a third-order value of the frequency domain data as a test measurement result of axial derivative force; finally, drawing a relation curve of the axial force and each influence parameter through matlab, sequentially drawing images of third-order axial force-torque and third-order axial force-shaft inclination angle, and verifying the validity of test data;
the calculation formula of the total axial force generated by the single ball ring is as follows:
wherein mu g is the equivalent dynamic friction coefficient between the movable spherical ring and the sliding groove, T is the load torque, r is the turning radius of the spherical ring, delta is the magnitude of the shaft inclination angle, beta y and gamma y are angles related to the geometric position of the driving shaft, and beta y and gamma y satisfy the following conditions:
cosγy＝δcosθ
because the actual shaft inclination angle is not more than 14 degrees in the working process of the driving shaft, the calculation formula of the axial derivative force is as follows:
in general, an axial derivative force test needs to reproduce the axial derivative force expression of a driving shaft of a certain model under a specific working condition, in an input condition, the rotating speed and the load torque are controlled by a control console, the inclination angle and the swing angle of the shaft are calculated and output real-time results by the displacement signals of a driving motor and a load motor in the control console, and the dimension parameters of the driving shaft are read by engineering drawings of the driving shaft of the model; the equivalent dynamic friction coefficient of the grease is obtained by carrying out linear fitting on a plurality of driving shaft axial force data of the same driving shaft with quantitative grease and other parameters, wherein in the fitting process of the equivalent dynamic friction of the grease, the method comprises the following steps of As independent variables, using corresponding third-order directional force as dependent variables, adopting matlab, and fitting the equivalent dynamic friction factor of the lubricating grease by using a least square method;
when the axial derivative force data exceeds 100, dividing the data into a training set and a test set, obtaining a fitting value of a dynamic friction factor through data fitting of the training set, verifying the error in the test set, and optimizing the fitting value according to the sum of errors of the training set and the test set.
2. The test method according to claim 1, wherein positioning bolts for positioning are further arranged on the load motor base (6-10) and the driving motor base (1-7); each chute is a T-shaped chute, the positioning bolts are T-shaped bolts, and the T-shaped bolts are matched with the T-shaped chute.
3. The test method according to claim 1, wherein limiting blocks for limiting the Y-direction travel of the driving motor mechanism (1) and the load motor mechanism (6) are arranged in two Y-direction sliding grooves (12) of the base (11), and limiting blocks are arranged on two sides of all X-direction guide rails.
4. Test method according to claim 1, characterized in that the four corners of the bottom of the base (11) are respectively provided with air springs as support to reduce the effect of the vibrations of the test stand itself on the ground during long operation.
5. Test method according to claim 1, characterized in that the auxiliary shaft (10) comprises a solid shaft and a sleeve, the inner ring of which is radially provided with a number of rings of balls, forming an axial sliding pair with the outer diameter of the solid shaft.
6. Test method according to claim 1, characterized in that the load motor spindle system (6-5) comprises a motor-driven screw which drives the upper load motor housing (6-7) in a horizontal plane about the Z-axis in a set range by means of a swing arm connected to the upper load motor housing (6-7).
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| CN112834019A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-05-25 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Vehicle driving shaft sheath abnormal sound testing device and testing method |
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| CN112945570B (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2023-05-26 | 清华大学苏州汽车研究院（相城） | Static test device and test method applied to weakening structural member of automobile sleeve |
| CN114112156A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-03-01 | 上海北阅机械设备有限公司 | Constant velocity universal joint axial derivative force measuring device and testing machine |
| CN114659805A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-06-24 | 东风柳州汽车有限公司 | Test method of automobile front transverse driving shaft assembly |
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