CN110030015B - Reinforcing control construction method for controlling ultra-deep air shaft - Google Patents
Reinforcing control construction method for controlling ultra-deep air shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN110030015B CN110030015B CN201910213158.XA CN201910213158A CN110030015B CN 110030015 B CN110030015 B CN 110030015B CN 201910213158 A CN201910213158 A CN 201910213158A CN 110030015 B CN110030015 B CN 110030015B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reinforcement control construction method for controlling an ultra-deep air shaft, which comprises the following steps: 1) construction preparation, 2) waterproof layer construction, 3) one-layer side plate support, 4) steel reinforcement cage laying, 5) two-layer side plate support, 6) reinforcing device construction, 7) concrete construction and 8) completion acceptance. The reinforcement construction method can meet reinforcement construction of ultra-deep air shafts at different depths, greatly improves the use safety of the air shaft, prevents collapse caused by long time, has simple and convenient construction steps, has better reinforcement effect compared with the existing air shaft, and reduces the influence on the whole air shaft during shield construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a reinforcement control construction method for controlling an ultra-deep air shaft.
Background
The air shaft is generally required to be arranged in the middle of a construction section in the underground tunnel construction process so as to meet the requirement of air supply in a tunnel, and meanwhile, the bearing weight of a shield machine during shield construction is required to be met. With the continuous maturity of the technology, a shield method is generally adopted for tunnel excavation, the existing air shaft generally has the functions of a shield starting well, a receiving well or a construction vertical well, in order to meet the functions of shield hoisting or starting, the air shaft has large engineering scale and deep depth, the subsequent wall loosening or collapse is easily caused when the air shaft is not reinforced to the position, certain potential safety hazards exist, and the construction difficulty is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a technical scheme for controlling the reinforcing and controlling construction method of the ultra-deep air shaft aiming at the defects in the prior art, the reinforcing construction method can meet the reinforcing construction of the ultra-deep air shaft with different depths, the use safety of the air shaft is greatly improved, collapse caused by long time is prevented, the construction steps are simple and convenient, the reinforcing effect is better compared with the existing air shaft, and the influence on the whole air shaft during shield construction is reduced.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a reinforcement control construction method for controlling an ultra-deep air shaft is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparation for construction
a. Firstly, measuring and setting out the air shaft, measuring the elevation, the length and the width of the air shaft, rechecking and measuring, measuring the verticality of each side surface of the air shaft, checking the verticality with the design requirement, and drilling the excessive side surfaces by using a drilling machine to ensure that the included angle between each side surface is matched with the design requirement;
b. then leveling the bottom surface and each side surface of the air shaft, removing exposed stones on the bottom surface and the side surfaces, leveling by using mortar, leveling the uneven positions of the bottom surface or the side surfaces by using the mortar, and tamping the bottom surface and the side surfaces of the air shaft by using a tamper to compact clay on the bottom surface or the side surfaces;
c. then, erecting a scaffold in the air shaft, and fixedly connecting the scaffold with the bottom surface of the air shaft, wherein the distance between each side surface of the scaffold and each side surface of the air shaft is more than 1 m;
2) construction of waterproof layer
a. Firstly, selecting a proper waterproof board according to the size of the air shaft, installing anchor nails on the back of the waterproof board at equal intervals, sequentially splicing the waterproof board from left to right and from bottom to top on each side surface of the air shaft, inserting the anchor nails on the waterproof board into a soil layer on the side surface of the air shaft, and completely attaching the waterproof board to the side surface of the air shaft;
b. cleaning the waterproof board, arranging lap joints on the waterproof board and the construction joints in a staggered manner, wherein the staggered distance is not less than 20cm, carrying out double-joint welding by adopting a hot welding joint through a welding machine, wherein the lap joint length between the two waterproof boards is not less than 20cm, and welding from top to bottom during welding;
c. laying a geotextile fabric cushion layer on the front surface of the waterproof board, fixing the geotextile fabric on the waterproof board by using a supporting strip, and respectively installing water-swelling strips on the waterproof boards at the side edge and the bottom for sealing;
d. finally, a water guiding groove is formed in the bottom surface of the air shaft, a water discharging pipe is installed in the water guiding groove, a layer of geotechnical non-woven fabric is laid, and backfilling and compaction are carried out through clay;
3) one-layer side plate support
After the waterproof layer is constructed, selecting corresponding side plates according to the size of the side face of the air shaft, hoisting the side plates to the corresponding side face of the air shaft through a hoisting machine, fixedly connecting the side plates to corresponding support bars through screws, enabling the side plates and the waterproof plate to be tightly connected, and arranging the side plates according to the sequence from bottom to top and from left to right when one layer of side plates is arranged, so that the distance between the side plates on two adjacent sides, namely the side plates on the left side, the right side, the upper side and the lower side, is less than 1 cm;
4) laying reinforcement cage
a. Firstly, selecting main ribs and truss ribs according to the design requirements according to the side dimension of the air shaft, connecting the main ribs in a straight thread sleeve connection mode, arranging the truss ribs between every two adjacent main ribs in an equidistant crossing mode, fixedly connecting the truss ribs with the main ribs through welding, and splicing to form a required reinforcement cage;
b. then, determining the position of a lifting point on the steel reinforcement cage, checking the safety of a lifting ring and a lifting appliance, installing the lifting ring at the position of the lifting point by welding, and simultaneously installing positioning cushion blocks at the bottom and the front and rear sides of the steel reinforcement cage respectively, wherein 5-6 blocks are arranged on each layer;
c. hoisting the spliced reinforcement cages into an air shaft in sequence through a lifting appliance, enabling each reinforcement cage to be close to the corresponding side face of the air shaft, fixedly connecting the bottom of each reinforcement cage with the bottom face of the air shaft, fixedly connecting the rear side face of each reinforcement cage with a layer of side plate, welding and fixing two adjacent reinforcement cages after the four reinforcement cages are fixed in an annular mode around the inner side face of the air shaft, reserving holes required by the shield construction area, and installing sealing plates at the positions of the reserved holes;
5) two-layer side plate support
After the construction of the reinforcement cages is finished, selecting corresponding side plates according to the distance between two opposite reinforcement cages, hoisting the side plates to the corresponding side faces of the air shaft through a hoisting machine, fixedly connecting the side plates to the corresponding reinforcement cages through screws, enabling the side plates and the reinforcement cages to be tightly connected, arranging two layers of side plates according to the sequence from bottom to top and from left to right when arranging the two layers of side plates, ensuring that the distance between the side plates at the two sides which are adjacent left and right and adjacent up and down is less than 1cm, hermetically connecting the adjacent side plates, dismantling a scaffold after the support of the two layers of side plates is finished, and cleaning the interior of the air shaft;
6) construction of reinforcing means
a. Firstly, selecting a proper number of supporting mechanisms according to the depth of the air shaft, uniformly stacking the supporting mechanisms from bottom to top, uniformly distributing the supporting mechanisms at the bottom along the corners of the inner side of the air shaft, enabling the distance between the supporting mechanisms and the corners of the side wall to be larger than 30cm, and simultaneously ensuring that all the supporting mechanisms are kept parallel;
b. after all the supporting mechanisms designed at the bottom are installed and fixed, fixing two adjacent supporting mechanisms at the right angle through a connecting rod mechanism, installing side wall reinforcing blocks at two ends of the connecting rod mechanism, enabling the side wall reinforcing blocks to abut against the side plate on the corresponding side, fixedly connecting the supporting mechanisms at the two adjacent right angles through the connecting rod mechanism, and distributing the two adjacent connecting rod mechanisms at the left and right in a vertically staggered manner;
c. then, a rotating mechanism is sleeved at the center of the supporting mechanism, when two adjacent left and right side plates are obliquely arranged, a first supporting rod is arranged between the two adjacent left and right rotating mechanisms, the supporting mechanisms at different oblique positions are fixedly connected through the first supporting rod, and meanwhile, a side wall reinforcing block is arranged on the rotating mechanism through a fixed rod, so that the side wall reinforcing block is vertically connected with the corresponding side plate;
d. after the reinforcing device at the bottom layer is installed, fixedly installing a second layer of supporting mechanism at the top end of the corresponding supporting mechanism at the bottom layer, enabling the second layer of supporting mechanism and the supporting mechanism at the bottom layer to be located on the same vertical line, after all the supporting mechanisms on the second layer are installed and fixed, fixing two adjacent supporting mechanisms at the right-angle positions through a connecting rod mechanism, installing side wall reinforcing blocks at two ends of the connecting rod mechanism, enabling the side wall reinforcing blocks to abut against the side plates at the corresponding sides, fixedly connecting the supporting mechanisms at the two adjacent right-angle positions through the connecting rod mechanism, and distributing the two adjacent connecting rod mechanisms on the left and the right in a vertically staggered manner;
e. then, sleeving a rotating mechanism at the center of the supporting mechanism, when two adjacent left and right side plates are obliquely arranged, installing a first supporting rod between the two adjacent left and right rotating mechanisms, fixedly connecting the supporting mechanisms at different oblique positions through the first supporting rod, and installing a side wall reinforcing block on the rotating mechanism through a fixed rod so as to vertically connect the side wall reinforcing block with the corresponding side plate;
f. finishing the installation of the rest reinforcing devices according to the construction steps;
7) construction of concrete
After the reinforcing device is installed, selecting C40-grade concrete, wherein the anti-permeability grade is P12, uniformly stirring the concrete, continuously injecting the concrete between the first layer side plate and the second layer side plate through the diversion trench, placing the vibrating rods during pouring, placing the vibrating rods at equal intervals along each side face of the air shaft, enabling the vibrating rods to be located at the bottom, starting the vibrating rods while continuously pouring the concrete, after the concrete completely covers the vibrating rods, vibrating each vibrating rod for 20-30 seconds, uniformly lifting the vibrating rods upwards by 40-60 cm, continuously vibrating for 20-30 seconds, and lifting upwards by 40-60 cm until the concrete between the first layer side plate and the second layer side plate is completely vibrated;
8) acceptance of completion
After concrete construction is finished, the site is cleaned, when the connecting rod mechanism or the first supporting rod influences shield construction, the connecting rod mechanism or the first supporting rod in the circumferential range of the vertical plane in shield construction is only required to be detached, and the whole construction is checked and accepted.
The reinforcement construction method can meet reinforcement construction of ultra-deep air shafts with different depths, greatly improves the use safety of the air shaft, prevents collapse caused by long time, is simple and convenient in construction steps, has better reinforcement effect compared with the existing air shaft, and reduces the influence on the whole air shaft during shield construction.
Further, the supporting mechanism in step 6) includes the stand, the top and the bottom symmetry of stand are provided with the supporting shoe, be provided with first guiding hole and second guiding hole on the side of stand, first guiding hole and second guiding hole mutually perpendicular, rotary mechanism is located the center department of stand, design through the supporting shoe, not only improved the joint strength between stand and the air shaft bottom surface, and improved the stability and the reliability of connecting between two upper and lower supporting mechanisms, further improve the support strength, improve the reinforcement effect of air shaft, first guiding hole and second guiding hole can be used for positioning link mechanism, improve the stability of connecting between two adjacent supporting mechanisms.
Furthermore, the supporting block is hemispherical, two positioning holes and two limiting columns are arranged on the top surface of the supporting block, the positioning holes and the limiting columns are distributed in a rectangular shape, two positioning holes and two limiting columns are respectively arranged diagonally, the limiting columns are matched with the positioning holes, limiting holes are arranged on the limiting columns, first through holes are arranged on the side surfaces of the supporting blocks and are matched with the limiting holes, the fastening bolt passes through the first through hole and the limiting hole to realize the fixed connection of the upper supporting block and the lower supporting block, the hemispherical supporting block design not only improves the strength of the supporting block, but also can effectively distribute stress, improve the stability during connection, and design the positioning holes and the limiting columns, the connecting strength and the stability between two adjacent supporting mechanisms can be improved, the fastening bolt is convenient to install and detach, and quick installation or detachment between the upper supporting mechanism and the lower supporting mechanism is realized.
Further, the link mechanism in the step 6) comprises a second support rod, a third support rod and a connecting rod, the second support rod and the third support rod are matched with the first guide hole and the second guide hole, the connecting rod is positioned between the second support rod and the third support rod, the second support rod is connected with the connecting rod through a limiting mechanism, the other end of the connecting rod is provided with a threaded column, one end of the third support rod is provided with an internal thread, the threaded column is matched with the internal thread, the first guide hole and the second guide hole can respectively position the second support rod and the third support rod, the connecting rod can adjust the distance between the second support rod and the third support rod to meet the requirements of side wall supports with different lengths, the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the end part of the second support rod through the limiting mechanism to improve the flexibility in length adjustment, and the distance between the connecting rod and the third support rod can be adjusted by the threaded column and the internal thread, thereby satisfying the fine adjustment during supporting.
Further, stop gear includes T-shaped piece and T-shaped groove, T-shaped piece fixed connection is in the terminal surface center department of second bracing piece, the T-shaped groove is located the terminal surface center department that links up the pole, T-shaped piece and T-shaped groove phase-match, the side of T-shaped piece supports the medial surface in T-shaped groove through the ball, the design in T-shaped piece and T-shaped groove, the joint strength between second bracing piece and the linking pole has not only been improved, and can realize through the ball that the linking pole is rotatory round the tip of second bracing piece, frictional force has been reduced, reduce wearing and tearing, the life of stop gear is prolonged.
Further, the lateral wall reinforcing block in step 6) includes arc cover and sleeve, and sleeve fixed connection is located at the inside center of arc cover, evenly is provided with the reinforcing plate between sleeve and the arc cover, and the design of arc cover has not only increased the area of contact between lateral wall reinforcing block and the two layer side boards, has improved the support intensity of lateral wall reinforcing block moreover, and the sleeve can play the effect of location, and the reinforcing plate has improved the intensity of being connected between sleeve and the arc cover, improves the support stability of whole lateral wall reinforcing block.
Further, the rotating mechanism in the step 6) comprises a cylinder body, annular plates are symmetrically arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the cylinder body, second through holes are uniformly formed in the outer circumferential side surface of each annular plate, an annular groove is formed between each annular plate and the cylinder body, three guide plates are movably connected between the upper annular groove and the lower annular groove, each guide plate penetrates through the corresponding second through hole through a locking screw and is fixed to the cylinder body, the cylinder body is fixedly connected to the stand column and plays a role in supporting and positioning, each guide plate can be used for being connected with the corresponding first supporting rod and can be connected with the corresponding side wall reinforcing block to meet the requirements of supporting on different inclined planes, after the guide plates move to the set positions, the guide plates penetrate through the corresponding.
Further, the center department of the deflector in step 6) is provided with the screw hole, and the upper and lower bilateral symmetry of deflector is provided with the arc conducting strip, and arc conducting strip and ring channel phase-match are provided with wear pad on the arc conducting strip, and the design of arc conducting strip can improve the stability when the deflector removes, can play the effect of location when fixed simultaneously, and the reliability when the wear pad can improve locking screw and connect.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the reinforcement construction method can meet reinforcement construction of ultra-deep air shafts with different depths, greatly improves the use safety of the air shaft, prevents collapse caused by long time, is simple and convenient in construction steps, has better reinforcement effect compared with the existing air shaft, and reduces the influence on the whole air shaft during shield construction.
2. Through the design of supporting shoe, not only improved the joint strength between stand and the air shaft bottom surface, improved the stability and the reliability of connecting between two upper and lower supporting mechanism moreover, further improved support strength, improved the reinforcement effect of air shaft, first guiding hole and second guiding hole can be used for fixing a position link mechanism, improve the stability of connecting between two adjacent supporting mechanism.
3. First guiding hole, second guiding hole can be fixed a position second bracing piece and third bracing piece respectively, link up the pole and can adjust the interval between second bracing piece and the third bracing piece, satisfy the lateral wall support of different length, link up the pole and rotate the tip of connecting at the second bracing piece through stop gear, flexibility when improving length adjustment, the interval between pole and the third bracing piece can be adjusted to screw thread post and internal thread, and then fine setting when satisfying the support.
4. Cylinder fixed connection plays the effect of supporting the location on the stand, and the deflector not only can be used for connecting first bracing piece, can connect the lateral wall reinforcing block moreover, satisfies the support on different inclined planes, and after the deflector removed to the settlement position, passes the second through-hole through locking screw, realizes that the deflector fixes in the ring channel.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a reinforcing apparatus in a reinforcement control construction method for controlling an ultra-deep air shaft according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the connection between the rotating mechanism and the supporting mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection between the upper and lower support mechanisms of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a link mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 4 at I;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a rotary mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the guide plate according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a sidewall reinforcement block according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a support mechanism; 2-a linkage mechanism; 3-side wall reinforcing blocks; 4-a first support bar; 5-upright column; 6-a rotating mechanism; 7-a first pilot hole; 8-a second pilot hole; 9-a support block; 10-positioning holes; 11-a first via; 12-a limiting column; 13-a limiting hole; 14-a fastening bolt; 15-a second support bar; 16-a third support bar; 17-an engagement rod; 18-a threaded post; 19-a T-block; 20-T-shaped slots; 21-a ball; 22-an annular plate; 23-a second via; 24-an annular groove; 25-a guide plate; 26-locking screws; 27-arc-shaped conducting bars; 28-a threaded hole; 29-abrasion resistant sheet; 30-a sleeve; 31-a reinforcing plate; 32-arc cover; 33-column.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a reinforcement control construction method for controlling an ultra-deep air shaft, which comprises the following steps:
1) preparation for construction
a. Firstly, measuring and setting out the air shaft, measuring the elevation, the length and the width of the air shaft, rechecking and measuring, measuring the verticality of each side surface of the air shaft, checking the verticality with the design requirement, and drilling the excessive side surfaces by using a drilling machine to ensure that the included angle between each side surface is matched with the design requirement;
b. then leveling the bottom surface and each side surface of the air shaft, removing exposed stones on the bottom surface and the side surfaces, leveling by using mortar, leveling the uneven positions of the bottom surface or the side surfaces by using the mortar, and tamping the bottom surface and the side surfaces of the air shaft by using a tamper to compact clay on the bottom surface or the side surfaces;
c. then, erecting a scaffold in the air shaft, and fixedly connecting the scaffold with the bottom surface of the air shaft, wherein the distance between each side surface of the scaffold and each side surface of the air shaft is more than 1 m;
2) construction of waterproof layer
a. Firstly, selecting a proper waterproof board according to the size of the air shaft, installing anchor nails on the back of the waterproof board at equal intervals, sequentially splicing the waterproof board from left to right and from bottom to top on each side surface of the air shaft, inserting the anchor nails on the waterproof board into a soil layer on the side surface of the air shaft, and completely attaching the waterproof board to the side surface of the air shaft;
b. cleaning the waterproof board, arranging lap joints on the waterproof board and the construction joints in a staggered manner, wherein the staggered distance is not less than 20cm, carrying out double-joint welding by adopting a hot welding joint through a welding machine, wherein the lap joint length between the two waterproof boards is not less than 20cm, and welding from top to bottom during welding;
c. laying a geotextile fabric cushion layer on the front surface of the waterproof board, fixing the geotextile fabric on the waterproof board by using a supporting strip, and respectively installing water-swelling strips on the waterproof boards at the side edge and the bottom for sealing;
d. finally, a water guiding groove is formed in the bottom surface of the air shaft, a water discharging pipe is installed in the water guiding groove, a layer of geotechnical non-woven fabric is laid, and backfilling and compaction are carried out through clay;
3) one-layer side plate support
After the waterproof layer is constructed, selecting corresponding side plates according to the size of the side face of the air shaft, hoisting the side plates to the corresponding side face of the air shaft through a hoisting machine, fixedly connecting the side plates to corresponding support bars through screws, enabling the side plates and the waterproof plate to be tightly connected, and arranging the side plates according to the sequence from bottom to top and from left to right when one layer of side plates is arranged, so that the distance between the side plates on two adjacent sides, namely the side plates on the left side, the right side, the upper side and the lower side, is less than 1 cm;
4) laying reinforcement cage
a. Firstly, selecting main ribs and truss ribs according to the design requirements according to the side size of the air shaft, connecting the main ribs in a straight threaded sleeve connection mode, arranging the truss ribs between every two adjacent main ribs in an equidistant crossing mode, fixedly connecting the truss ribs with the main ribs through welding, and splicing the truss ribs into a required reinforcement cage, wherein the allowable deviation of the reinforcement cage is shown in table 1;
b. then, determining the position of a lifting point on the steel reinforcement cage, checking the safety of a lifting ring and a lifting appliance, installing the lifting ring at the position of the lifting point by welding, and simultaneously installing positioning cushion blocks at the bottom and the front and rear sides of the steel reinforcement cage respectively, wherein 5-6 blocks are arranged on each layer;
c. hoisting the spliced reinforcement cages into an air shaft in sequence through a lifting appliance, enabling each reinforcement cage to be close to the corresponding side face of the air shaft, fixedly connecting the bottom of each reinforcement cage with the bottom face of the air shaft, fixedly connecting the rear side face of each reinforcement cage with a layer of side plate, welding and fixing two adjacent reinforcement cages after the four reinforcement cages are fixed in an annular mode around the inner side face of the air shaft, reserving holes required by the shield construction area, and installing sealing plates at the positions of the reserved holes;
TABLE 1 tolerance of Reinforcement cages
5) Two-layer side plate support
After the construction of the reinforcement cages is finished, selecting corresponding side plates according to the distance between two opposite reinforcement cages, hoisting the side plates to the corresponding side faces of the air shaft through a hoisting machine, fixedly connecting the side plates to the corresponding reinforcement cages through screws, enabling the side plates and the reinforcement cages to be tightly connected, arranging two layers of side plates according to the sequence from bottom to top and from left to right when arranging the two layers of side plates, ensuring that the distance between the side plates at the two sides which are adjacent left and right and adjacent up and down is less than 1cm, hermetically connecting the adjacent side plates, dismantling a scaffold after the support of the two layers of side plates is finished, and cleaning the interior of the air shaft;
6) construction of reinforcing means
a. Firstly, selecting a proper number of supporting mechanisms 1 according to the depth of the air shaft, uniformly stacking the supporting mechanisms 1 from bottom to top, uniformly distributing the supporting mechanisms 1 at the bottom along the corners of the inner side of the air shaft, enabling the distance between the supporting mechanisms 1 and the corners of the side walls to be larger than 30cm, and simultaneously ensuring that the supporting mechanisms 1 are parallel;
b. after all the supporting mechanisms 1 designed at the bottom are installed and fixed, fixing two adjacent supporting mechanisms 1 at the right angle through the link mechanisms 2, installing side wall reinforcing blocks 3 at two ends of each link mechanism 2, enabling the side wall reinforcing blocks 3 to abut against the side plates on the corresponding side, fixedly connecting the supporting mechanisms 1 at the two adjacent right angle through the link mechanisms 2, and distributing the two adjacent link mechanisms 2 at the left and right in a vertically staggered manner;
c. then, a rotating mechanism 6 is sleeved at the center of the supporting mechanism 1, when two adjacent left and right side plates are obliquely arranged, a first supporting rod 4 is arranged between the two adjacent left and right rotating mechanisms 6, the supporting mechanisms 1 at different oblique positions are fixedly connected through the first supporting rod 4, and meanwhile, a side wall reinforcing block 3 is arranged on the rotating mechanism 6 through a fixed rod, so that the side wall reinforcing block 3 is vertically connected with the corresponding side plate;
d. after the reinforcing device of the bottom layer is installed, fixedly installing a second layer of supporting mechanism 1 at the top end of the corresponding supporting mechanism 1 of the bottom layer, enabling the second layer of supporting mechanism 1 and the supporting mechanism 1 of the bottom layer to be located on the same vertical line, after the supporting mechanisms 1 on the second layer are all installed and fixed, fixing two adjacent supporting mechanisms 1 at the right angle through connecting rod mechanisms 2, installing side wall reinforcing blocks 3 at two ends of each connecting rod mechanism 2, enabling the side wall reinforcing blocks 3 to abut against the side plates on the corresponding side, fixedly connecting the supporting mechanisms 1 at the two adjacent right angle through the connecting rod mechanisms 2, and distributing the two adjacent connecting rod mechanisms 2 vertically in a staggered manner;
e. then, a rotating mechanism 6 is sleeved at the center of the supporting mechanism 1, when two adjacent left and right side plates are obliquely arranged, a first supporting rod 4 is arranged between the two adjacent left and right rotating mechanisms 6, the supporting mechanisms 1 at different oblique positions are fixedly connected through the first supporting rod 4, and meanwhile, a side wall reinforcing block 3 is arranged on the rotating mechanism 6 through a fixed rod, so that the side wall reinforcing block 3 is vertically connected with the corresponding side plate;
f. finishing the installation of the rest reinforcing devices according to the construction steps;
as shown in fig. 1 to 8, the supporting mechanism 1 includes an upright post 5, supporting blocks 9 are symmetrically arranged at the top end and the bottom end of the upright post 5, a first guiding hole 7 and a second guiding hole 8 are arranged on the side surface of the upright post 5, the first guiding hole 7 and the second guiding hole 8 are perpendicular to each other, the rotating mechanism 6 is located at the center of the upright post 5, by the design of the supporting blocks 9, not only is the connection strength between the upright post 5 and the bottom surface of the air shaft improved, but also the stability and the reliability of connection between the upper supporting mechanism 1 and the lower supporting mechanism 1 are improved, the supporting strength is further improved, the reinforcing effect of the air shaft is improved, the first guiding hole 7 and the second guiding hole 8 can be used for positioning the link mechanism 2, and the stability of connection between the two adjacent.
The support block 9 is hemispherical, two positioning holes 10 and two limiting columns 12 are arranged on the top surface of the support block 9, the positioning holes 10 and the limiting columns 12 are distributed in a rectangular shape, the two positioning holes 10 and the two limiting columns 12 are arranged diagonally respectively, the limiting columns 12 are matched with the positioning holes 10, the limiting columns 12 are provided with limiting holes 13, the side surfaces of the support block 9 are provided with first through holes 11, the first through holes 11 are matched with the limiting holes 13, the fastening bolts 14 penetrate through the first through holes 11 and the limiting holes 13 to realize the fixed connection of the upper support block 9 and the lower support block 9, the hemispherical support block 9 is designed to improve the strength of the support block 9 and effectively distribute stress, the stability during connection is improved, the positioning holes 10 and the limiting columns 12 are designed to improve the connection strength and the stability between the upper support mechanism 1 and the lower support mechanism 1, and the fastening bolts 14 are convenient, the quick mounting or dismounting between the upper supporting mechanism 1 and the lower supporting mechanism 1 is realized.
The link mechanism 2 comprises a second support rod 15, a third support rod 16 and a connecting rod 17, the second support rod 15 and the third support rod 16 are matched with the first guide hole 7 and the second guide hole 8, the connecting rod 17 is positioned between the second support rod 15 and the third support rod 16, the second support rod 15 is connected with the connecting rod 17 through a limiting mechanism, the other end of the connecting rod 17 is provided with a threaded column 18, one end of the third support rod 16 is provided with internal threads, the threaded column 18 is matched with the internal threads, the first guide hole 7 and the second guide hole 8 can respectively position the second support rod 15 and the third support rod 16, the connecting rod 17 can adjust the distance between the second support rod 15 and the third support rod 16 to meet the requirements of side wall support with different lengths, the connecting rod 17 is rotatably connected to the end part of the second support rod 15 through the limiting mechanism to improve the flexibility in length adjustment, the threaded column 18 and the internal threads can adjust the distance between the connecting rod 17 and the third support rod 16, thereby satisfying the fine adjustment during supporting.
Stop gear includes T-shaped piece 19 and T-shaped groove 20, T-shaped piece 19 fixed connection is in the terminal surface center department of second bracing piece 15, T-shaped groove 20 is located the terminal surface center department of linking pole 17, T-shaped piece 19 and T-shaped groove 20 phase-match, T-shaped piece 19's side supports the medial surface in T-shaped groove 20 through ball 21, T-shaped piece 19 and T-shaped groove 20's design, not only improved the joint strength between second bracing piece 15 and the linking pole 17, and can realize through ball 21 that the linking pole 17 is rotatory round the tip of second bracing piece 15, the frictional force has been reduced, reduce wearing and tearing, the life of extension stop gear.
Lateral wall reinforcing block 3 includes arc cover 32 and sleeve 30, sleeve 30 fixed connection is in the inside center department of arc cover 32, evenly be provided with reinforcing plate 31 between sleeve 30 and the arc cover 32, arc cover 32's design has not only increased the area of contact between lateral wall reinforcing block 3 and the two layer side boards, and improved lateral wall reinforcing block 3's support intensity, sleeve 30 can play the effect of location, reinforcing plate 31 has improved the intensity of being connected between sleeve 30 and the arc cover 32, improve whole lateral wall reinforcing block 3's support stability.
The rotating mechanism 6 comprises a column body 33, the upper end and the lower end of the column body 33 are symmetrically provided with annular plates 22, the outer circumferential side surface of each annular plate 22 is uniformly provided with second through holes 23, an annular groove 24 is formed between each annular plate 22 and the column body 33, three guide plates 25 are movably connected between the upper annular groove 24 and the lower annular groove 24, each guide plate 25 penetrates through the corresponding second through hole 23 through a locking screw 26 and is fixed on the column body 33, the column body 33 is fixedly connected to the upright post 5 and plays a role in supporting and positioning, each guide plate 25 can be used for being connected with the corresponding first supporting rod 4 and can be connected with the corresponding side wall reinforcing block 3 to meet the supporting requirements of different inclined planes, and after each guide plate 25 moves to a set position, each locking screw 26 penetrates through the corresponding.
The center department of deflector 25 is provided with screw hole 28, and the upper and lower bilateral symmetry of deflector 25 is provided with arc conducting strip 27, and arc conducting strip 27 and ring channel 24 phase-match are provided with wear pad 29 on the arc conducting strip 27, and the stability when deflector 25 removes can be improved in the design of arc conducting strip 27, can play the effect of location when fixed simultaneously, and the reliability when locking screw 26 connects can be improved to wear pad 29.
7) Construction of concrete
After the reinforcing device is installed, selecting C40-grade concrete, wherein the anti-permeability grade is P12, uniformly stirring the concrete, continuously injecting the concrete between the first layer side plate and the second layer side plate through the diversion trench, placing the vibrating rods during pouring, placing the vibrating rods at equal intervals along each side face of the air shaft, enabling the vibrating rods to be located at the bottom, starting the vibrating rods while continuously pouring the concrete, after the concrete completely covers the vibrating rods, vibrating each vibrating rod for 20-30 seconds, uniformly lifting the vibrating rods upwards by 40-60 cm, continuously vibrating for 20-30 seconds, and lifting upwards by 40-60 cm until the concrete between the first layer side plate and the second layer side plate is completely vibrated;
8) acceptance of completion
After concrete construction is finished, the site is cleaned, when the connecting rod mechanism 2 or the first supporting rod 4 influences shield construction, the connecting rod mechanism 2 or the first supporting rod 4 in the circumferential range of a vertical plane in shield construction is only required to be detached, and the whole construction is checked.
The reinforcement construction method can meet reinforcement construction of ultra-deep air shafts with different depths, greatly improves the use safety of the air shaft, prevents collapse caused by long time, is simple and convenient in construction steps, has better reinforcement effect compared with the existing air shaft, and reduces the influence on the whole air shaft during shield construction.
The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any simple variations, equivalent substitutions or modifications based on the present invention to achieve substantially the same technical effects are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A reinforcement control construction method for controlling an ultra-deep air shaft is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparation for construction
a. Firstly, measuring and setting out the air shaft, measuring the elevation, the length and the width of the air shaft, rechecking and measuring, measuring the verticality of each side surface of the air shaft, checking the verticality with the design requirement, and drilling the excessive side surfaces by using a drilling machine to ensure that the included angle between each side surface is matched with the design requirement;
b. then leveling the bottom surface and each side surface of the air shaft, removing exposed stones on the bottom surface and the side surfaces, leveling by using mortar, leveling the uneven positions of the bottom surface or the side surfaces by using the mortar, and tamping the bottom surface and the side surfaces of the air shaft by using a tamper to compact clay on the bottom surface or the side surfaces;
c. then, erecting a scaffold in the air shaft, and fixedly connecting the scaffold with the bottom surface of the air shaft, wherein the distance between each side surface of the scaffold and each side surface of the air shaft is more than 1 m;
2) construction of waterproof layer
a. Firstly, selecting a proper waterproof board according to the size of the air shaft, installing anchor nails on the back of the waterproof board at equal intervals, sequentially splicing the waterproof board from left to right and from bottom to top on each side surface of the air shaft, inserting the anchor nails on the waterproof board into a soil layer on the side surface of the air shaft, and completely attaching the waterproof board to the side surface of the air shaft;
b. cleaning the waterproof board, arranging lap joints on the waterproof board and the construction joints in a staggered manner, wherein the staggered distance is not less than 20cm, carrying out double-joint welding by adopting a hot welding joint through a welding machine, wherein the lap joint length between the two waterproof boards is not less than 20cm, and welding from top to bottom during welding;
c. laying a geotextile fabric cushion layer on the front surface of the waterproof board, fixing the geotextile fabric on the waterproof board by using a supporting strip, and respectively installing water-swelling strips on the waterproof boards at the side edge and the bottom for sealing;
d. finally, a water guiding groove is formed in the bottom surface of the air shaft, a water discharging pipe is installed in the water guiding groove, a layer of geotechnical non-woven fabric is laid, and backfilling and compaction are carried out through clay;
3) one-layer side plate support
After the waterproof layer is constructed, selecting corresponding side plates according to the size of the side face of the air shaft, hoisting the side plates to the corresponding side face of the air shaft through a hoisting machine, fixedly connecting the side plates to corresponding support bars through screws, enabling the side plates and the waterproof plate to be tightly connected, and arranging the side plates according to the sequence from bottom to top and from left to right when one layer of side plates is arranged, so that the distance between the side plates on two adjacent sides, namely the side plates on the left side, the right side, the upper side and the lower side, is less than 1 cm;
4) laying reinforcement cage
a. Firstly, selecting main ribs and truss ribs according to the design requirements according to the side dimension of the air shaft, connecting the main ribs in a straight thread sleeve connection mode, arranging the truss ribs between every two adjacent main ribs in an equidistant crossing mode, fixedly connecting the truss ribs with the main ribs through welding, and splicing to form a required reinforcement cage;
b. then, determining the position of a lifting point on the steel reinforcement cage, checking the safety of a lifting ring and a lifting appliance, installing the lifting ring at the position of the lifting point by welding, and simultaneously installing positioning cushion blocks at the bottom and the front and rear sides of the steel reinforcement cage respectively, wherein 5-6 blocks are arranged on each layer;
c. hoisting the spliced reinforcement cages into an air shaft in sequence through a lifting appliance, enabling each reinforcement cage to be close to the corresponding side face of the air shaft, fixedly connecting the bottom of each reinforcement cage with the bottom face of the air shaft, fixedly connecting the rear side face of each reinforcement cage with a layer of side plate, welding and fixing two adjacent reinforcement cages after the four reinforcement cages are fixed in an annular mode around the inner side face of the air shaft, reserving holes required by the shield construction area, and installing sealing plates at the positions of the reserved holes;
5) two-layer side plate support
After the construction of the reinforcement cages is finished, selecting corresponding side plates according to the distance between two opposite reinforcement cages, hoisting the side plates to the corresponding side faces of the air shaft through a hoisting machine, fixedly connecting the side plates to the corresponding reinforcement cages through screws, enabling the side plates and the reinforcement cages to be tightly connected, arranging two layers of side plates according to the sequence from bottom to top and from left to right when arranging the two layers of side plates, ensuring that the distance between the side plates at the two sides which are adjacent left and right and adjacent up and down is less than 1cm, hermetically connecting the adjacent side plates, dismantling a scaffold after the support of the two layers of side plates is finished, and cleaning the interior of the air shaft;
6) construction of reinforcing means
a. Firstly, selecting a proper number of supporting mechanisms according to the depth of the air shaft, uniformly stacking the supporting mechanisms from bottom to top, uniformly distributing the supporting mechanisms at the bottom along the corners of the inner side of the air shaft, enabling the distance between the supporting mechanisms and the corners of the side wall to be larger than 30cm, and simultaneously ensuring that all the supporting mechanisms are kept parallel;
b. after all the supporting mechanisms designed at the bottom are installed and fixed, fixing two adjacent supporting mechanisms at the right angle through a connecting rod mechanism, installing side wall reinforcing blocks at two ends of the connecting rod mechanism, enabling the side wall reinforcing blocks to abut against the side plate on the corresponding side, fixedly connecting the supporting mechanisms at the two adjacent right angles through the connecting rod mechanism, and distributing the two adjacent connecting rod mechanisms at the left and right in a vertically staggered manner;
c. then, a rotating mechanism is sleeved at the center of the supporting mechanism, when two adjacent left and right side plates are obliquely arranged, a first supporting rod is arranged between the two adjacent left and right rotating mechanisms, the supporting mechanisms at different oblique positions are fixedly connected through the first supporting rod, and meanwhile, a side wall reinforcing block is arranged on the rotating mechanism through a fixed rod, so that the side wall reinforcing block is vertically connected with the corresponding side plate;
d. after the reinforcing device at the bottom layer is installed, fixedly installing a second layer of supporting mechanism at the top end of the corresponding supporting mechanism at the bottom layer, enabling the second layer of supporting mechanism and the supporting mechanism at the bottom layer to be located on the same vertical line, after all the supporting mechanisms on the second layer are installed and fixed, fixing two adjacent supporting mechanisms at the right-angle positions through a connecting rod mechanism, installing side wall reinforcing blocks at two ends of the connecting rod mechanism, enabling the side wall reinforcing blocks to abut against the side plates at the corresponding sides, fixedly connecting the supporting mechanisms at the two adjacent right-angle positions through the connecting rod mechanism, and distributing the two adjacent connecting rod mechanisms on the left and the right in a vertically staggered manner;
e. then, sleeving a rotating mechanism at the center of the supporting mechanism, when two adjacent left and right side plates are obliquely arranged, installing a first supporting rod between the two adjacent left and right rotating mechanisms, fixedly connecting the supporting mechanisms at different oblique positions through the first supporting rod, and installing a side wall reinforcing block on the rotating mechanism through a fixed rod so as to vertically connect the side wall reinforcing block with the corresponding side plate;
f. finishing the installation of the rest reinforcing devices according to the construction steps;
7) construction of concrete
After the reinforcing device is installed, selecting C40-grade concrete, wherein the anti-permeability grade is P12, uniformly stirring the concrete, continuously injecting the concrete between the first layer side plate and the second layer side plate through the diversion trench, placing the vibrating rods during pouring, placing the vibrating rods at equal intervals along each side face of the air shaft, enabling the vibrating rods to be located at the bottom, starting the vibrating rods while continuously pouring the concrete, after the concrete completely covers the vibrating rods, vibrating each vibrating rod for 20-30 seconds, uniformly lifting the vibrating rods upwards by 40-60 cm, continuously vibrating for 20-30 seconds, and lifting upwards by 40-60 cm until the concrete between the first layer side plate and the second layer side plate is completely vibrated;
8) acceptance of completion
After concrete construction is finished, the site is cleaned, when the connecting rod mechanism or the first supporting rod influences shield construction, the connecting rod mechanism or the first supporting rod in the circumferential range of the vertical plane in shield construction is only required to be detached, and the whole construction is checked and accepted.
2. The reinforcement control construction method for the ultra-deep air shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: the supporting mechanism in the step 6) comprises an upright post, supporting blocks are symmetrically arranged at the top end and the bottom end of the upright post, a first guide hole and a second guide hole are formed in the side surface of the upright post, the first guide hole is perpendicular to the second guide hole, and the rotating mechanism is located in the center of the upright post.
3. The reinforcement control construction method for the ultra-deep air shaft according to claim 2, characterized in that: the supporting block is hemispherical, two positioning holes and two limiting columns are arranged on the top surface of the supporting block, the positioning holes and the limiting columns are distributed in a rectangular shape, the two positioning holes and the two limiting columns are arranged diagonally, the limiting columns are matched with the positioning holes, limiting holes are formed in the limiting columns, first through holes are formed in the side surfaces of the supporting block and matched with the limiting holes, and fastening bolts penetrate through the first through holes and the limiting holes to achieve fixed connection of the upper supporting block and the lower supporting block.
4. The reinforcement control construction method for the ultra-deep air shaft according to claim 2, characterized in that: the connecting rod mechanism in the step 6) comprises a second supporting rod, a third supporting rod and a connecting rod, the second supporting rod and the third supporting rod are all matched with the first guide hole and the second guide hole, the connecting rod is located between the second supporting rod and the third supporting rod, the second supporting rod is connected with the connecting rod through a limiting mechanism, a threaded column is arranged at the other end of the connecting rod, an internal thread is arranged at one end of the third supporting rod, and the threaded column is matched with the internal thread.
5. The reinforcement control construction method for the ultra-deep air shaft according to claim 4, wherein: the limiting mechanism comprises a T-shaped block and a T-shaped groove, the T-shaped block is fixedly connected to the center of the end face of the second supporting rod, the T-shaped groove is located at the center of the end face of the connecting rod, the T-shaped block is matched with the T-shaped groove, and the side face of the T-shaped block is abutted to the inner side face of the T-shaped groove through a ball.
6. The reinforcement control construction method for the ultra-deep air shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: the side wall reinforcing block in the step 6) comprises an arc-shaped cover and a sleeve, the sleeve is fixedly connected to the center of the inner portion of the arc-shaped cover, and reinforcing plates are evenly arranged between the sleeve and the arc-shaped cover.
7. The reinforcement control construction method for the ultra-deep air shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rotating mechanism in the step 6) comprises a column body, annular plates are symmetrically arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the column body, second through holes are uniformly formed in the outer circumferential side surface of each annular plate, annular grooves are formed between each annular plate and the column body, three guide plates are movably connected between the upper annular groove and the lower annular groove, and the guide plates penetrate through the second through holes through locking screws and are fixed on the column body.
8. The reinforcement control construction method for the ultra-deep air shaft according to claim 7, characterized in that: a threaded hole is formed in the center of the guide plate in the step 6), arc-shaped guide strips are symmetrically arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the guide plate, the arc-shaped guide strips are matched with the annular groove, and wear-resistant pieces are arranged on the arc-shaped guide strips.
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| CN201910213158.XA CN110030015B (en) | 2019-03-20 | 2019-03-20 | Reinforcing control construction method for controlling ultra-deep air shaft |
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| CN201910213158.XA CN110030015B (en) | 2019-03-20 | 2019-03-20 | Reinforcing control construction method for controlling ultra-deep air shaft |
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| JPS5631926A (en) * | 1979-08-22 | 1981-03-31 | Kumagai Gumi Ltd | Water-stop protection for landslide |
| JP2000291147A (en) * | 1999-04-06 | 2000-10-17 | Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd | Dome roof construction method without timbering |
| CN201972711U (en) * | 2011-01-10 | 2011-09-14 | 上海陆家嘴金融贸易区联合发展有限公司 | Device for controlling deformation of near metro tunnel caused by super-deep foundation pit evacuation in soft soil areas |
| CN105332722A (en) * | 2015-11-29 | 2016-02-17 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Coal mine rock burst timbering device |
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2019
- 2019-03-20 CN CN201910213158.XA patent/CN110030015B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5631926A (en) * | 1979-08-22 | 1981-03-31 | Kumagai Gumi Ltd | Water-stop protection for landslide |
| JP2000291147A (en) * | 1999-04-06 | 2000-10-17 | Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd | Dome roof construction method without timbering |
| CN201972711U (en) * | 2011-01-10 | 2011-09-14 | 上海陆家嘴金融贸易区联合发展有限公司 | Device for controlling deformation of near metro tunnel caused by super-deep foundation pit evacuation in soft soil areas |
| CN105332722A (en) * | 2015-11-29 | 2016-02-17 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Coal mine rock burst timbering device |
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