CN110027682B - Icebreaker for breaking ice by collision method - Google Patents
Icebreaker for breaking ice by collision method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110027682B CN110027682B CN201910450744.6A CN201910450744A CN110027682B CN 110027682 B CN110027682 B CN 110027682B CN 201910450744 A CN201910450744 A CN 201910450744A CN 110027682 B CN110027682 B CN 110027682B
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- round table
- ice
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- ship
- truncated cone
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/08—Ice-breakers or other vessels or floating structures for operation in ice-infested waters; Ice-breakers, or other vessels or floating structures having equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63B35/083—Ice-breakers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/08—Ice-breakers or other vessels or floating structures for operation in ice-infested waters; Ice-breakers, or other vessels or floating structures having equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63B35/12—Ice-breakers or other vessels or floating structures for operation in ice-infested waters; Ice-breakers, or other vessels or floating structures having equipment specially adapted therefor having ice-cutters
Abstract
The invention provides an ice breaker for breaking ice by a collision method, which comprises a ship body, wherein the bottom of the ship body is provided with ice breaking devices, each ice breaking device comprises a truncated cone structure and a hydraulic device, the hydraulic devices are in multi-section type, the initial state of each truncated cone structure is embedded in the ship body, the upper ends of the truncated cone structures are connected with the hydraulic devices, the truncated cone structures are large in upper ends and small in lower ends, the inside of each truncated cone structure is hollow, the lower ends of the truncated cone structures are not closed, 4 truncated cone structures are arranged on two sides of the stern, each truncated cone structure is arranged on two sides of the bow, and the stern and the bow are symmetrically provided with the truncated cone structures. The ice breaker for breaking ice by the collision method provided by the invention can accelerate the ice breaking efficiency by utilizing the effect of potential energy by utilizing the ice breaking device extending out of the bottom of the ship, and can concentrate the gravity of the bottom of the ship at one point or one part of the ship body, so that the stress condition of the ice layer part is increased, and the ice breaking efficiency is increased. And meanwhile, the ship body structure is not damaged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ship manufacturing, and particularly relates to an ice breaker for breaking ice by a collision method.
Background
In 1864, russian was retrofitted with a small ship "peter" to the first icebreaker in the world, to maintain kart Shi Da during the freezing period for navigation of the olaning baum route, while in 1899, the united kingdom was the russian icebreaker "yelmak" and was the first icebreaker to navigate in the arctic. Ice breakers have been continuously developed since the beginning of the 19 th century. The icebreaker is a service ship for breaking the ice layer on the water surface, opening up a channel, ensuring that the ship enters and exits from the ice seal port and the anchor ground or guiding the ship to navigate in the ice area. Most European and American countries are in extremely cold regions, and river channels are frozen for a long time, so that the ship travel is not facilitated. These countries are therefore very much concerned with the development of icebreaker technology. On the other hand, with the development of technology, the ground resources are exhausted, and people gradually focus on ocean resources, and the ocean contains abundant mineral resources such as petroleum, natural gas, coal, nickel and the like. But most of the ocean resources are located in extremely cold regions and ice regions are throughout. The difficulty coefficient of exploration and exploitation is large, and in the process, the transportation of material equipment also becomes a huge problem, so that the development of the icebreaker is necessary, and the icebreaker is a necessary transportation tool for exploiting ocean resources.
The design of the icebreaker is different from that of a conventional ship-shaped structure, the icebreaker is short and wide in hull, small in length-width ratio, and high in overall strength, heads and tails are tilted upwards, heads and tails are sharpened and tilted forwards, thick steel plates and dense frameworks are used for reinforcing the heads and tails and a waterline area, and the icebreaker is beneficial to continuously breaking ice or repeatedly bursting into ice in the process of extruding an ice layer at the head during ice breaking. There are two existing modes of breaking ice: "continuous process" and "collision process".
When the ice layer is thicker and the thickness exceeds 1.5 meters, an 'impact' ice breaking method is adopted. The ship head part of the impact icebreaker has shallow draft, can easily impact on the ice surface, and the ship body can laminate thick ice below into fragments. The icebreaker then backs up a distance and then opens up to power to flush the ice layer ahead, crushing the ice layer under the vessel. However, the ice breaking efficiency is not too high, and when an excessively thick ice layer is encountered, the ice surface is not broken by one collision, and multiple collisions are needed, so that the ice breaking efficiency is low, and the damage to the hull structure is also huge. Therefore, in order to improve the working efficiency of the icebreaker and reduce the damage to the hull structure, a novel ship icebreaking structure needs to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
1. The technical problems to be solved are as follows:
in the case of a thicker ice layer, the conventional icebreaker adopts an impact-type ice breaking method. The ship head part of the impact icebreaker has shallow draft, can easily impact on the ice surface, and the ship body can laminate thick ice below into fragments. The icebreaker then backs up a distance and then opens up to power to flush the ice layer ahead, crushing the ice layer under the vessel. However, the ice breaking efficiency is not too high, and when an excessively thick ice layer is encountered, the ice surface is not broken by one collision, and multiple collisions are needed, so that the ice breaking efficiency is low, and the damage to the hull structure is also huge.
2. The technical scheme is as follows:
in order to solve the problems, the invention provides an ice breaker for breaking ice by a collision method, which comprises a ship body, wherein the bottom of the ship body is provided with ice breaking devices, each ice breaking device comprises a truncated cone structure and a hydraulic device, each hydraulic device is in a multi-section type, the initial state of each truncated cone structure is embedded in the ship body, the upper ends of the truncated cone structures are connected with the hydraulic devices, the truncated cone structures are large in upper ends and small in lower ends, the inside of each truncated cone structure is empty, the lower ends of the truncated cone structures are not closed, 4 truncated cone structures are respectively arranged on two sides of the stern, each truncated cone structure is arranged on two sides of the bow, and circular table structures are symmetrically arranged on the stern and the bow.
The hydraulic device is multi-section, the hydraulic round table of the next section extends out from the previous section, and the diameter of the hydraulic round table of the next section is smaller than that of the hydraulic round table of the previous section.
The novel round table is characterized in that N slits from top to bottom are formed in the round table surface of the round table structure, the N slits are uniformly distributed on the round table surface and divide the round table surface into N+1 parts, and N is more than or equal to 3.
The novel round table type hydraulic round table is characterized in that a claw-shaped expansion joint is arranged inside the round table type structure, the claw-shaped expansion joint comprises 1 adapter, n+1 connecting rods and n+1 expansion rods, each connecting rod is tightly attached to the inner wall of a part of the surface of each round table, each connecting rod is connected with the corresponding adapter through one expansion rod, the corresponding adapter is a platform and is arranged below the upper end of the round table type structure, a round hole is formed in the upper end of the round table type structure, and the size of the round hole is slightly larger than that of the hydraulic round table of the last section of the hydraulic device, so that the hydraulic round table of the last section of the hydraulic device can enter the round table type structure from the round hole and is connected with the corresponding adapter.
The adapter is a round adapter.
The hydraulic device is of a three-section type.
And N is 2.
The inside of the round table type structure is provided with a steam pipeline.
3. The beneficial effects are that:
the ice breaker for breaking ice by the collision method provided by the invention can accelerate the ice breaking efficiency by utilizing the effect of potential energy by utilizing the ice breaking device extending out of the bottom of the ship, and can concentrate the gravity of the bottom of the ship at one point or one part of the ship body, so that the stress condition of the ice layer part is increased, and the ice breaking efficiency is increased. And meanwhile, the ship body structure is not damaged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a left side view of the structural distribution of the icebreaker.
Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the ice breaker structure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a truncated cone structure.
Detailed Description
The invention is illustrated in detail below by means of the figures and examples.
As shown in FIG. 1, the ice breaking device comprises a circular table type structure 1-6 and a hydraulic device 1-5, wherein the circular table type structure 1-6 is embedded in a ship body in an initial state, the upper end of the circular table type structure is connected with the hydraulic device 1-5, the hydraulic device 1-5 can extend the circular table type structure 1-6 from the ship body, and meanwhile, the circular table type structure 1-6 can be retracted to the initial state from the outside of the ship body.
The round table type structure 1-6 is large in upper end and small in lower end, the inside is hollow, and the lower end is not closed. The specific ratio of the upper end to the lower end of the truncated cone-shaped structures 1-6 is determined according to the type of the icebreaker and the ice to be broken.
The number of the truncated cone structures 1-6 is 4, the truncated cone structures 1-6 are respectively arranged on two sides of the stern, the truncated cone structures 1-6 are respectively arranged on two sides of the bow, and the stern and the bow are symmetrically provided with the truncated cone structures. The advantage of such a structure is that: the gravity of the bottom of the ship is concentrated at one point or one part of the ship body through the round table structure 1-6 by adjusting the height of the round table structure 1-6, so that the stress condition of the ice layer part is increased, and the ice breaking efficiency is increased.
The hydraulic device 1-5 is a multi-section type, the hydraulic round table of the next section extends out of the previous section, the diameter of the hydraulic round table of the next section is smaller than that of the hydraulic round table of the previous section, and the length of the round table type structure 1-6 extending out of the bottom of the ship can be adjusted through the hydraulic device.
Example 1
The length of the 4 round table structures 1-6 extending from the bottom of the ship is consistent through the hydraulic device 1-5, namely the 4 round table structures 1-6 are positioned on the same horizontal layer, and the hydraulic device 1-5 is in three-section type and can shrink up and down at the same speed through the hydraulic device 1-5, so that the contact area of the icebreaker and the ice surface is reduced, the stress condition of the unit contact surface is increased, and the effect of potential energy is utilized through the up and down shrinkage, so that the ice breaking efficiency is accelerated.
Example 2
Through the hydraulic device 1-5, as the hydraulic device 1-5 is of a multi-section type, the extension length of the truncated cone-shaped structure 1-6 of the bow from the bottom of the ship is smaller than that of the truncated cone-shaped structure 1-6 of the stern from the bottom of the ship, so that the gravity of the ship body is concentrated on the stern part, the stress of the ice layer of the stern on the truncated cone-shaped structure 1-6 is increased, and the ice breaking efficiency is increased.
Example 3
Through the hydraulic device 1-5, because the hydraulic device 1-5 is a multi-section type, the length of the truncated cone structure 1-6 of the bow extending from the left side of the bottom is smaller than that of the truncated cone structure 1-6 of the stern extending from the right side of the bottom, and then the gravity of the ship body is concentrated on the right side part of the bottom, so that the stress of the ice layer of the stern on the truncated cone structure 1-6 is increased, and the ice breaking efficiency is increased.
From the above three embodiments, it can be seen that by adjusting the lengths of the circular table structures 1-6 extending from the bottom of the ship, the gravity of the ship can be concentrated in the front or back or left or right of the ship, and the principle of gravitational potential energy is utilized to assist the ice breaking operation by the up-down contraction movement of the circular table structures 1-6, so that the bottom of the ship body is not contacted with the ice surface but contacted with the circular table structures 1-6 during the ice breaking process, and no damage is caused to the ship body structure.
In order to increase the stability of the ship body during the ice breaking process of the ice breaking device, N slits are formed in the surface of the circular truncated cone-shaped structure 1-6 from top to bottom, the N slits are uniformly distributed on the surface of the circular truncated cone, the surface of the circular truncated cone is divided into N+1 parts, and N is more than or equal to 3. The truncated cone structures 1-6 are made of a material with certain elasticity, which is not an innovation of the invention, and can be made of the existing material.
The gap divides the surface of the round table into an N+1 part, and in the process of stressing the round table structure 1-6, the round table structure moves along with the up-down shrinkage of the hydraulic device 1-5, and the potential energy of the mass of the ship body exists.
For better hull stability, claw-shaped retractors are arranged in the circular truncated cone structures 1-6, each claw-shaped retractor comprises 1 circular adapter 5, N+1 connecting rods 6 and N+1 telescopic rods 7, each connecting rod 6 is tightly attached to the inner wall of a part of the surface of each circular truncated cone, each connecting rod 6 is connected with the circular adapter 5 through one telescopic rod 7, the circular adapter 5 is a circular platform and is arranged below the upper ends of the circular truncated cone structures 1-6, the hydraulic devices 1-5 are of a three-section type, round holes are formed in the upper ends of the circular truncated cone structures 1-6, and the size of the round holes is slightly larger than that of the hydraulic truncated cones of the third sections of the hydraulic devices 1-5, so that the hydraulic pressure of the round truncated cones of the third sections of the hydraulic devices 1-5 can enter the circular truncated cone structures 1-6 from the round holes and are connected with the circular adapter 5.
Example 4
Based on the embodiment 1-3, due to the existence of the round hole at the upper end of the round table structure 1-6, the last section of the round table of the hydraulic device 1-5 gives a downward force to the round adapter 5 under the contact of the round table structure 1-6 and ice surface, and as the round adapter 5 descends, an outward force is given to the connecting rod 6 through the telescopic rod 7, a part of the round table structure 1-6 connected with each connecting rod 6 is outwards supported, so that the round table structure 1-6 contacts with the ice surface through the claw-like shape, and the stability of the ship body is better increased. Particularly in the case of example 1.
Since the triangle is the most stable structure, in examples 1 to 4, N is 2, dividing the surface of the round table into 3 parts for better effect.
In examples 1-4, the hydraulic device 1-5 was of the 3-stage type.
In order to achieve a better effect, the steam pipeline is arranged in the round table structure 1-6, so that the possibility of freezing during operation is reduced.
While the invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and it is intended that the scope of the invention shall be limited only by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (5)
1. An icebreaker for breaking ice by collision method, comprising a hull, and characterized in that: the ship comprises ship bodies, wherein the bottom of each ship body is provided with an ice breaking device, each ice breaking device comprises round table structures (1-6) and hydraulic devices (1-5), each hydraulic device (1-5) is of a multi-section type, each round table structure (1-6) is embedded in each ship body in an initial state, the upper ends of the round table structures are connected with each hydraulic device (1-5), each round table structure (1-6) is large in upper end, small in lower end and hollow in the inside, the lower ends of the round table structures are not closed, 4 round table structures (1-6) are arranged on two sides of each ship tail, each round table structure (1-6) is arranged on two sides of each ship head, and round table structures (1-6) are symmetrically arranged on the ship tails and the ship heads; the hydraulic devices (1-5) are multi-section, the hydraulic round table of the next section extends out from the previous section, and the diameter of the hydraulic round table of the next section is smaller than that of the hydraulic round table of the previous section; n slits from top to bottom are arranged on the round table surface of the round table structure (1-6), the N slits are uniformly distributed on the round table surface and divide the round table surface into N+1 parts, and N is more than or equal to 3; the novel round table type hydraulic round table is characterized in that claw-shaped retractors are arranged inside the round table type structure (1-6), each claw-shaped retractors comprises 1 adapter, N+1 connecting rods (6) and N+1 telescopic rods (7), each connecting rod (6) is tightly attached to the inner wall of a part of the surface of each round table, each connecting rod (6) is connected with each adapter (5) through one telescopic rod (7), each adapter is a platform and is arranged below the upper end of the round table type structure (1-6), round holes are formed in the upper end of the round table type structure (1-6), the size of each round hole is slightly larger than that of the hydraulic round table of the last section of the hydraulic device (1-5), the hydraulic round table of the last section of the hydraulic device (1-5) can enter the round table type structure (1-6) from the round holes and is connected with the adapter, and the round table type structure (1-6) is made of materials with certain elasticity.
2. Icebreaker for breaking ice by collision method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the adapter is a circular adapter (5).
3. Icebreaker for breaking ice by collision method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hydraulic device (1-5) is of a three-section type.
4. Icebreaker for breaking ice by collision method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and N is 2.
5. Icebreaker for breaking ice by collision method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inside of the round table type structure (1-6) is provided with a steam pipeline.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910450744.6A CN110027682B (en) | 2019-05-28 | 2019-05-28 | Icebreaker for breaking ice by collision method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910450744.6A CN110027682B (en) | 2019-05-28 | 2019-05-28 | Icebreaker for breaking ice by collision method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110027682A CN110027682A (en) | 2019-07-19 |
| CN110027682B true CN110027682B (en) | 2023-05-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201910450744.6A Active CN110027682B (en) | 2019-05-28 | 2019-05-28 | Icebreaker for breaking ice by collision method |
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Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3973509A (en) * | 1973-08-20 | 1976-08-10 | Heinrich Waas | Icebreaker vessel |
| CN103979082B (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2016-03-30 | 江苏海事职业技术学院 | One opens ice ship structure |
| CN106564570B (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2019-06-28 | 涡阳县信隆船舶附件有限公司 | High-efficiency ship icebreaking device |
| CN108859636A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-11-23 | 江苏海事职业技术学院 | It is suitable for the amphibious scientific investigation ship of ice formation operation |
| CN109050807B (en) * | 2018-09-01 | 2020-05-22 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Ship resonance ice breaking active control method and device |
| CN109050806B (en) * | 2018-09-01 | 2020-05-15 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Self-adaptive marine ice breaking device |
| CN210503094U (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2020-05-12 | 江苏科技大学 | Impact type ice crushing ship |
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- 2019-05-28 CN CN201910450744.6A patent/CN110027682B/en active Active
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