CN110024663A - A kind of safe high yield irrigation method of well-canal combined irrigated area winter wheat - Google Patents

A kind of safe high yield irrigation method of well-canal combined irrigated area winter wheat Download PDF

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CN110024663A
CN110024663A CN201910393102.7A CN201910393102A CN110024663A CN 110024663 A CN110024663 A CN 110024663A CN 201910393102 A CN201910393102 A CN 201910393102A CN 110024663 A CN110024663 A CN 110024663A
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China
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water
irrigation
canal
winter wheat
well
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乔冬梅
齐学斌
黄仲冬
李平
梁志杰
白芳芳
赵宇龙
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Farmland Irrigation Research Institute of CAAS
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Farmland Irrigation Research Institute of CAAS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of safe high yield irrigation methods of well-canal combined irrigated area winter wheat, this method includes being irrigated respectively in winter wheat period of seedling establishment using underground water with quota irrigation method, it is irrigated in the winter wheat jointing stage using surface water, is irrigated in Winter Wheat during Grain Filling Stage using surface water；Wherein, the earth's surface water consumption accounts for the percent by volume for irrigating water inventory not less than 67%.Method provided by the present application, combined irrigation by surface and groundwater suitable for the inadequate area of surface water uses, the safe and efficient irrigation in the inadequate area of surface water may be implemented by this method, it can guarantee the high yield of winter wheat and guarantee that the winter wheat obtained has good quality, simultaneously by the determination of well water and water in a canal irrigation time and irrigating water quota, the generation of the salinization of soil can be effectively prevented.It is worth promoting the use of a large area.

Description

A kind of safe high yield irrigation method of well-canal combined irrigated area winter wheat
Technical field
The present invention relates to irrigation method technical fields, fill more particularly to a kind of safe high yield of well-canal combined irrigated area winter wheat Irrigate method.
Background technique
According to the Regional Distribution in " National Agricultural Sustainable Development Planning (2015-2030) ", Huang-Huai-Hai plain is China One of important agriculture optimized development area, but its resource environment and development plan requirement are incompatible.This area can utilize fresh water Resource scarcity, agricultural water is especially nervous, and insufficiency of supply-demand has surpassed 10,000,000,000 m3, a large amount of salt water resources that underground shallow layer is contained are agricultures Industry produces important utilizability resource.The Huang-Huai-Hai plain soil salinization is long-standing, though it is improved for many years to a certain degree On taken on a new look, but its potential risk still can not be ignored；Unreasonable irrigation most likely results in crop production reduction, subtracts matter and soil Secondary salinization occurs.Therefore, carry out canal well combination irrigated area grain security high yield and the efficient filling based on safety of soil environment Mode is irrigate, is had important practical significance for Huang-Huai-Hai regional agriculture continuous developing.
In canal well combination irrigated area, canal irrigation water consumption, well irrigation water consumption and Jing Qu are to influence crop root layer soil salt with water ratio Divide the important indicator of variation and crop yield, quality.Suitable canal well is with water ratio for adjusting Groundwater in Irrigation Area position, regulation crop Root layer soil salt, the most important and agricultural water resources such as meet crop water demand distribute the premise with regulation rationally.With It is pointed out toward related application, canal well irrigation water proportion is the important factor in order of winter wheat amount of dry matter accumulation.Long-term wells connecting with canals fills It irrigates under mode, the dynamic evolution feature of Irrigated Area Soils salinity especially crop root layer salt accumulation in soil, irrigated area grain quality safety Etc. will generate significant changes.It is unbalance that unreasonable well canal Irrigation can not only be such that underground hydromining mends, and more easily leads to root Layer salt accumulation in soil, damage to crops health, and then seriously affect irrigated area crop yield and the sustainable development of Ecological Irrigation District.By Currently, surrounding a series of related applications of irrigated area canal well combination Irrigation mostly to realize underground hydromining filling-in weighing apparatus, Reasonable Regulation And Control Level of ground water is target.As it can be seen that providing a kind of safe and efficient Irrigation for well-canal combined irrigated area is particularly important ?.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of safe high yield irrigation methods of well-canal combined irrigated area winter wheat.
The present invention provides following schemes:
A kind of safe high yield irrigation method of well-canal combined irrigated area winter wheat, comprising:
It is irrigated in winter wheat period of seedling establishment using underground water with quota irrigation method, is used in the winter wheat jointing stage respectively Surface water is irrigated, and is irrigated in Winter Wheat during Grain Filling Stage using surface water；
Wherein, the earth's surface water consumption accounts for the percent by volume for irrigating water inventory not less than 67%.
Preferred: the underground water is well water, and the surface water is water in a canal.
It is preferred: the well water and the water in a canal not compositions comprising cationic surfactants, sulfide, cadmium, total arsenic, chromium, Lead, copper, zinc, roundworm egg.
Preferred: the irrigating water quota of the quota irrigation method is is determined according to soil texture and structure.
Preferred: the soil texture is that powder glues earth, 0~15cm soil layer soil weight 1.52g/cm3, 15~45cm soil layer Soil weight 1.47g/cm3, 45~100cm soil layer soil weight 1.43g/cm3；The irrigating water quota of the quota irrigation method is 60m3/ mu~80m3/ mu.
The specific embodiment provided according to the present invention, the invention discloses following technical effects:
By the invention it is possible to a kind of safe high yield irrigation method of well-canal combined irrigated area winter wheat be realized, in a kind of realization Under mode, this method may include being irrigated respectively in winter wheat period of seedling establishment using underground water with quota irrigation method, in the winter Wheat during jointing stage is irrigated using surface water, is irrigated in Winter Wheat during Grain Filling Stage using surface water；Wherein, the surface water Dosage accounts for the percent by volume for irrigating water inventory not less than 67%.Method provided by the present application is suitable for surface water scantily The combined irrigation by surface and groundwater in area uses, and the safe and efficient irrigation in the inadequate area of surface water, Ji Nengbao may be implemented by this method It demonstrate,proves the high yield of winter wheat and guarantees that the winter wheat obtained has good quality, while passing through well water and water in a canal irrigation time And the determination of irrigating water quota, the generation of the salinization of soil can be effectively prevented.It is worth promoting the use of a large area.
Certainly, it implements any of the products of the present invention and does not necessarily require achieving all the advantages described above at the same time.
Detailed description of the invention
It in order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, below will be to institute in embodiment Attached drawing to be used is needed to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only some implementations of the invention Example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can also obtain according to these attached drawings Obtain other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is that different year underground water provided in an embodiment of the present invention is averaged the schematic diagram of buried depth；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of different year rainfall provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art's every other embodiment obtained belong to what the present invention protected Range.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of safe high yield irrigation method of well-canal combined irrigated area winter wheat, this method include with Quota irrigation method is irrigated in winter wheat period of seedling establishment using underground water respectively, is carried out in the winter wheat jointing stage using surface water It irrigates, is irrigated in Winter Wheat during Grain Filling Stage using surface water；
Wherein, the earth's surface water consumption accounts for the percent by volume for irrigating water inventory not less than 67%.
Further, the underground water is well water, and the surface water is water in a canal.The well water and the water in a canal are free of Cationic surfactant, sulfide, cadmium, total arsenic, chromium, lead, copper, zinc, roundworm egg.
Further, the irrigating water quota of the quota irrigation method is is determined according to soil texture and structure.The soil Quality is that powder glues earth, 0~15cm soil layer soil weight 1.52g/cm3, 15~45cm soil layer soil weight 1.47g/cm3, 45~ 100cm soil layer soil weight 1.43g/cm3；The irrigating water quota of the quota irrigation method is 60m3/ mu~80m3/ mu.
Scheme provided by the present application is described in detail below by specific experiment:
Materials and methods
Trial zone situation
Test is carried out in People's Victory Channel area, and irrigated area is located at Henan Province the north, 113 ° 31 ' -114 ° 25 ' of eastern diameter, north latitude 35°0'-35°30'.The category continental monsoon type weather in warm temperate zone, 14.5 DEG C of average annual temperature, 41 DEG C of highest, minimum -16 DEG C；It is frostless Phase about 210 days, early frost often had in late October, and late frost appears in 3 months, the last ten-days period；It is averaged water surface evaporation for many years about 1860mm, rainfall about 600mm, rainfall is few and is unevenly distributed in year, and June to September rainfall accounts for the 70- of annual rainfall 80%.Thus there is Winter-Spring arid, summer and autumn are rainy, flood after first drought, again non-irrigated after flood, the alternate climatic characteristic of drought and waterlogging.Trial zone soil Earth is glued to loamy texture for powder, structure is uneven, 0~15cm soil layer soil weight 1.52g/cm3, 15~45cm soil layer soil weight 1.47g/cm3, 45~100cm soil layer soil weight 1.43g/cm3。
Experimental design
Test sets basic, normal, high 3 irrigating water quotas, respectively 40m3/ mu, 60m3/ mu, 80m3/ mu；2 kinds of iirigation water sources, i.e., Well water and water in a canal, each processing set 3 repetitions.Entire irrigation in growing period 3 times, that is, water of turning green, jointing water, be in the milk water, and test is set See Table 1 for details for meter.It is winter wheat (Henan wheat 57), winter wheat growing stage are as follows: period of seedling establishment (2013.3.15) is turned green-pulled out for studying object Section phase (3.15-4.3), jointing-heading stage (4.3-4.15), heading-blooming stage (4.15-5.2), flowering-pustulation period (5.2- 5.13), grouting-maturity period (5.13-5.20), 4 years are closely spaced.
1 experimental design of table
Processing number A40 A60 A80 B40 B60 B80 C40 C60 C80 D40 D60 D80
(m by norm3/ mu) 40 60 80 40 60 80 40 60 80 40 60 80
It turns green water Well water Well water Well water Water in a canal Water in a canal Water in a canal Well water Well water Well water Water in a canal Water in a canal Water in a canal
Jointing water Well water Well water Well water Well water Well water Well water Water in a canal Water in a canal Water in a canal Water in a canal Water in a canal Water in a canal
Be in the milk water Well water Well water Well water Well water Well water Well water Water in a canal Water in a canal Water in a canal Water in a canal Water in a canal Water in a canal
Canal well water ratio (%) 0 0 0 33 33 33 67 67 67 100 100 100
The basic chemical characteristic of trial zone soil
See Table 2 for details for the basic chemical characteristic of trial zone soil.As shown in Table 2, soil total salt amount, organic matter, full phosphorus (TP), nitre State nitrogen and available potassium etc. mainly accumulate in 0~40cm soil layer.It can be seen that 0~40cm soil layer is with high salt, high nutrition enrichment of element Soil layer, while being also crop root close quarters, therefore monitor soil layer as plot experiment soil root system emphasis.
The basic chemical characteristic unit of 2 trial zone soil of table: g/kg
Depth (cm) Ca2+ Mg2+ K+ Na+ HCO3- Cl- SO4 2+ Total salt quantity Organic matter TP TN Nitrate nitrogen Available potassium
0-10 0.107 0.036 0.029 0.088 0.353 0.086 0.042 0.740 24.91 0.815 0.219 0.020 0.215
10-20 0.087 0.036 0.016 0.093 0.303 0.095 0.023 0.653 16.31 0.740 0.218 0.013 0.150
20-30 0.081 0.024 0.009 0.064 0.272 0.050 0.024 0.525 7.87 0.544 0.219 0.013 0.112
30-40 0.078 0.029 0.011 0.045 0.269 0.042 0.027 0.501 3.82 0.434 0.220 0.012 0.103
40-50 0.086 0.038 0.010 0.066 0.295 0.056 0.036 0.543 6.11 0.412 0.219 0.011 0.140
50-60 0.091 0.025 0.010 0.055 0.292 0.046 0.038 0.558 7.11 0.424 0.219 0.012 0.145
60-70 0.091 0.024 0.012 0.060 0.279 0.064 0.030 0.559 6.45 0.439 0.221 0.013 0.137
70-80 0.098 0.029 0.012 0.059 0.292 0.058 0.028 0.575 10.12 0.473 0.219 0.012 0.136
80-90 0.095 0.025 0.014 0.060 0.312 0.053 0.025 0.583 8.25 0.495 0.219 0.011 0.147
90-100 0.086 0.025 0.012 0.059 0.279 0.043 0.030 0.534 8.60 0.494 0.218 0.008 0.142
Irrigated area water quality, rainfall and groundwater level situation of change
The People's Victory Channel area groundwater level different year buried depth situation that is averaged is shown in Fig. 1.Irrigated area many years groundwater level Basic to maintain to stablize between 3~5m, be averaged underground water buried depth 3.76m for many years.Winter wheat different year rainfall is shown in Fig. 2. Irrigation water quality is shown in Table 3, wherein cationic surfactant, sulfide, cadmium, total arsenic, chromium (sexavalence), lead, copper, zinc, roundworm egg number It is not detected.
3 irrigation water quality mg/l of table
Water quality Total salt quantity Nitrate nitrogen Calcium ion Magnesium ion Sulfate radical Carbonate Bicarbonate radical Chloride ion Potassium ion Sodium ion
Well water 1220.00 0.19 32.70 48.59 163.72 41.58 457.62 153.53 2.90 1100.00
Water in a canal 411.00 4.34 65.41 37.19 400.69 12.23 206.42 127.94 5.90 790.00
Data analysis
Variance analysis is carried out using Excel2010 and DPS；95% confidence level is chosen, using least significant difference method (LSD) the Multiple range test analysis between different disposal is carried out.
As a result with analysis
Influence of the Different Irrigation mode to winter wheat yields
Winter wheat yields comparative analysis under identical irrigating water quota Different Irrigation mode is the result shows that (table 4), low irrigation norm (40m3/ mu) under, the equal difference of winter wheat yields not significant (pure well irrigation in 2013 and water in a canal in 4 year under 4 kinds of Irrigations Except the processing of+well water+well water 2).Middle irrigation norm (60m3/ mu) under, winter wheat yields are aobvious under pure water in a canal Irrigations in 2014 It writes and is higher than well water+water in a canal+water in a canal Irrigation；In other times, though the winter wheat yields under pure water in a canal is irrigated are filled higher than other Mode is irrigate, but is not up to the level of signifiance.High irrigation norm (80m3/ mu) under, winter wheat under pure water in a canal Irrigations in 2014 Yield is significantly higher than other Irrigations；And in other times, though pure water in a canal irrigates lower winter wheat yields higher than other irrigations Mode, but it is similar to the situation under middle irrigation norm, and it is same that there was no significant difference.As it can be seen that different canal wells are used under low irrigation norm Water ratio influences winter wheat yields unobvious；And with the raising of irrigation norm, Qu Jingyong water ratio is to winter wheat yields Influence is gradually increased, wherein the winter wheat yields under pure water in a canal Irrigation are maximum, 2014 especially pronounced.
The identical lower winter wheat yields comparative analysis of Irrigation Different Irrigation quota is the result shows that (table 4), pure well irrigation mode Under, the winter wheat yields under 2013-2016 high irrigation norm be above in, low irrigation norm (except 2015), but equal nothing Significant difference.Under water in a canal+well water+well water Irrigation, the winter wheat yields under 2013 high, middle irrigation norm are significantly high In low irrigation norm, 39% and 33% are improved compared to the winter wheat yields under low irrigation norm respectively；2014 high irrigate is determined Winter wheat yields under volume be significantly higher than in, low irrigation norm, compare in, the winter wheat yields under low irrigation norm are respectively increased 39% and 33%；2015-2016, difference is not significant each other for the winter wheat yields under 3 irrigation norms.Well water+ Under water in a canal+water in a canal Irrigation, each year winter wheat yields difference is not significant under 3 irrigation norms.Pure water in a canal Irrigation Under, the winter wheat yields under high irrigation norm in 2014 are significantly higher than low irrigation norm, compared with improving 25.2%；Other times In winter wheat yields under 3 irrigation norms without significant difference.As it can be seen that Different Irrigation quota to pure well water and well water+water in a canal+ Winter wheat yields influence under water in a canal Irrigation is relatively small, and to pure water in a canal and water in a canal+well water+well water Irrigation lower winter Wheat Yield Influence is relatively large.
Winter wheat yields Comprehensive analysis results show that the pure water in a canal of uprated irrigates mould under 2013~2016 years each Irrigation regimes Winter wheat yields under formula are maximum.
Winter wheat yields unit under 4 different disposal of table: kg
Note: different letters indicate that there are significant difference (P < 0.05) between different disposal in table, similarly hereinafter.
Influence of the Different Irrigation mode to Winter wheat quality
To probe into Winter wheat quality cumulative effect, the application was using the 4th year (2016) Winter wheat quality as final analysis Standard.The lower Winter wheat quality of Different Irrigation processing is shown in Table 5.
(1) Different Irrigation handles lower winter wheat protein content analysis
Winter wheat protein content comparative analysis under identical irrigating water quota Different Irrigation mode the result shows that: low irrigation norm (40m3/ mu) under, the winter wheat protein content highest under well water+water in a canal+water in a canal Irrigation is significantly higher than pure well water and pure Water in a canal Irrigation (P < 0.05), compared with 15.4% and 17.4% is respectively increased；Middle irrigation norm (60m3/ mu) under, pure well water Winter wheat protein content is significantly higher than other Irrigations under Irrigation, compared to 28.2%, 29.4% and of promotion respectively 24.8%；High irrigation norm (80m3/ mu) under, the equal no significant difference of winter wheat protein content (the P > under 4 kinds of Irrigations 0.05).Generally speaking, the winter wheat protein content under pure well water Irrigation is relatively high.Identical Irrigation difference fills Irrigate the lower winter wheat protein content comparative analysis of quota the result shows that: under pure well water Irrigation, winter wheat under middle irrigation norm Protein content is significantly higher than low irrigation norm (P < 0.05), compared to raising 12.8%；Water in a canal+well water+well water Irrigation Under, winter wheat protein content is significantly higher than middle irrigation norm (P < 0.05) under high irrigation norm, compared to raising 22.7%；Well Under water+water in a canal+water in a canal Irrigation, winter wheat protein content is significantly higher than middle and high irrigation norm (P < under low irrigation norm 0.05)；Under pure water in a canal Irrigation, winter wheat protein content is without significant difference (P > 0.05) under 3 kinds of irrigation norms.Therefore, The lower 3 kinds of irrigation norms of Different Irrigation mode differ greatly on the influence of winter wheat protein content.
The lower winter wheat bulk density analysis of Different Irrigation processing
Winter wheat bulk density comparative analysis under identical irrigating water quota Different Irrigation mode the result shows that: low irrigation norm (40m3/ Mu) under, the winter wheat bulk density difference under 4 kinds of Irrigations is not significant (P > 0.05)；Under middle irrigation norm (60m3/ mus), canal Winter wheat bulk density highest under water+well water+well water Irrigation is significantly higher than pure well water Irrigation (P < 0.05), compared with promotion 4.7%；Under high irrigation norm (80m3/ mus), the winter wheat bulk density highest under pure water in a canal Irrigation is significantly higher than water in a canal+well Water+well water Irrigation (P < 0.05), compared to promotion 2.4%.As it can be seen that increasing canal well irrigation water ratio with the raising of irrigation norm The promotion effect of winter wheat bulk density is gradually increased.The identical lower winter wheat bulk density comparative analysis of Irrigation Different Irrigation quota The result shows that: under pure well irrigation mode, the winter wheat bulk density under middle irrigation norm is substantially less than high and low irrigation norm (P < 0.05), Compared to reduction by 2.9%, 3.2%；3 kinds of irrigations under water in a canal+well water+well water, well water+water in a canal+water in a canal and pure water in a canal Irrigation The equal difference of quota winter wheat bulk density is unobvious (P > 0.05).As it can be seen that winter wheat bulk density is influenced less by irrigation norm.Comprehensive point It analyses, the winter wheat bulk density under middle quota water in a canal+well water+well water Irrigation is maximum.
The lower winter wheat wet gluten analysis of Different Irrigation processing
Winter wheat wet gluten comparative analysis under identical irrigating water quota Different Irrigation mode the result shows that: under low irrigation norm, Winter wheat wet gluten highest under well water+water in a canal+water in a canal Irrigation is significantly higher than pure water in a canal and irrigates, compared to promotion 30.2%； And under middle and high irrigation norm, the winter wheat wet gluten under pure well water Irrigation is above other 3 kinds of Irrigations.It is identical The lower winter wheat wet gluten comparative analysis of Irrigation Different Irrigation quota the result shows that: under pure well water Irrigation, it is middle irrigate it is fixed Winter wheat wet gluten highest under volume, is significantly higher than low irrigation norm, compared with promotion 22.9%；Water in a canal+well water+well water Irrigation Under, winter wheat wet gluten highest under high irrigation norm is significantly higher than middle irrigation norm, compared with promotion 28.1%；Well water+water in a canal+ Under water in a canal Irrigation, winter wheat wet gluten highest under low irrigation norm is significantly higher than middle irrigation norm, compared with promotion 29.4%；Under pure water in a canal Irrigation, winter wheat wet gluten highest under high irrigation norm is significantly higher than low irrigation norm, compared with Promote 21.8%.Comprehensive analysis, winter wheat wet gluten are in decreasing trend with the increase of water ratio with canal well, therefore well water is irrigated It is more advantageous to and promotes winter wheat wet gluten, the winter wheat wet gluten content highest under the middle pure well water Irrigation of quota.
The lower winter wheat of Different Irrigation processing stablizes time analysis
Under identical irrigating water quota Different Irrigation mode winter wheat stablize time comparative analysis the result shows that: low irrigation norm Under, the winter wheat stable time under pure water in a canal is irrigated is most short, substantially less than well water+water in a canal+water in a canal Irrigation；Middle and high irrigation Under quota, the winter wheat under pure well water is irrigated stablizes time longest, is all remarkably higher than other 3 kinds of Irrigations.Identical irrigation mould The lower winter wheat of formula Different irrigation quota stablize time comparative analysis the result shows that: under pure well water Irrigation, under low irrigation norm Winter wheat stablizes the time and is substantially less than middle and high irrigation norm, respectively compared with shortening 48.4%, 45.9%；Water in a canal+well water+well Under water and pure water in a canal Irrigation, the stabilization time equal difference under 3 kinds of irrigation norms is unobvious；Well water+water in a canal+water in a canal irrigates mould Under formula, the stabilization time under low irrigation norm is significantly higher than middle and high irrigation norm, compared with extending 114%, 181% respectively.Cause This, Different irrigation quota to canal well water ratio be 0 and 67% Irrigation under winter wheat stablize time effects it is more bright It is aobvious.Comprehensive analysis, winter wheat stablize increase of the time with canal well water ratio in decreasing trend, and especially pure well water is steady under irrigating It fixes time longest, therefore well water irrigation is more advantageous to and extends winter wheat and stablize the time.
The lower winter wheat weakness degree analysis of Different Irrigation processing
Winter wheat weakness degree comparative analysis under identical irrigating water quota Different Irrigation mode the result shows that: under low irrigation norm, Winter wheat weakness degree under pure water in a canal Irrigation is significantly higher than other 3 kinds of Irrigations, respectively purer well water, water in a canal+well water+ Well water, well water+water in a canal+water in a canal Irrigation improve 33.7%, 20.9% and 54.9%；Under middle irrigation norm, pure well water is filled Irrigate lower winter wheat weakness degree and be substantially less than other 3 kinds of Irrigations, respectively compared with water in a canal+well water+well water, well water+water in a canal+water in a canal, Pure water in a canal Irrigation reduces 41.8%, 46.6% and 38.5%, wherein weakness degree under well water+water in a canal+water in a canal Irrigation Highest, but it is unobvious with water in a canal+well water+well water and pure water in a canal Irrigation difference；Under high irrigation norm, well water+water in a canal+canal Winter wheat weakness degree under water, the irrigation of pure water in a canal is significantly higher than pure well water and water in a canal+well water+well water Irrigation.Identical irrigation Mode Different irrigation quota winter wheat weakness degree comparative analysis the result shows that: under pure well irrigation mode, weakness degree under low irrigation norm Highest is significantly higher than middle irrigation norm, compared with promotion 42.8%；Under water in a canal+well water+well water Irrigation, under middle irrigation norm Weakness degree highest is significantly higher than high irrigation norm, compared with promotion 21.1%；Under well water+water in a canal+water in a canal Irrigation, low irrigation The lower winter wheat weakness degree of quota is substantially less than middle and high quota and irrigates, respectively compared with reduction by 34.4% and 32.8%；Pure water in a canal is irrigated Under mode, 3 kinds of irrigation norm no significant differences.Comprehensive analysis, winter wheat weakness degree are improved with the increase of canal well water ratio, Therefore, water in a canal irrigation can promote winter wheat weakness degree to be promoted to a certain extent, and well water is irrigated and existed to winter wheat weakness degree Decreasing trend.
Winter wheat quality under 5 different disposal of table
Different Irrigation handles lower winter wheat root layer soil salt cumulative effect year by year
Cumulative increment situation is shown in Table 6 to the lower winter wheat root layer soil salt of 2013-2016 Different Irrigation processing year by year.It is identical Irrigation norm Different Irrigation mode comparative analysis the result shows that: low irrigation norm (40m3/ mu) under, winter wheat root layer soil in 2013 Earth salinity increment is with the increase of canal well water ratio in trend is gradually decreased, and 2014-2016 root layer soil salt increment is with canal The increase of well water ratio is in decreasing trend after first increasing.Middle irrigation norm (60m3/ mu) under, winter wheat root layer soil in 2013 Salinity increment is with the increase of canal well water ratio in trend is gradually decreased, and root layer soil salt increment in 2014 is with canal well water ratio The increase of example is in decreasing trend after first increasing, and 2015-2016 root layer soil salt increment is with the increasing of water ratio of canal well Add the trend of tapering off.High irrigation norm (80m3/ mu) under, root layer soil salt increment in 2013 is with the increase of water ratio of canal well In decreasing trend after first increasing, this is because 2013 annual rainfalls are smaller, the larger reason of evapotranspiration.The 2014-2015 end of the year Layer soil salt increment is in gradually decrease trend with the increase of canal well water ratio.Comprehensive Comparison, pure well water is irrigated and canal Winter wheat root layer soil salt increment under water+well water+well water Irrigation is larger, and pure water in a canal is irrigated and well water+water in a canal+canal Winter wheat root layer soil salt increment under water Irrigation is relatively small；Wherein root layer soil under pure water in a canal Irrigation in 2014 Earth salt accumulation increment is below other Irrigations, and under higher irrigation norm, and well water+water in a canal+water in a canal and pure water in a canal fill It irrigates root layer soil salinity accumulation increment under mode and is far below pure well water and water in a canal+well water+well water Irrigation, pure canal in 2015 Root layer soil salt increment is minimum under water Irrigation.
Identical Irrigation Different irrigation quota comparative analysis the result shows that: under pure well water Irrigation, Different irrigation is fixed Changing rule of the winter wheat root layer soil salt increment between each time is not quite similar under volume.Root layer soil salt increment in 2013 It tapers off trend with the increase of irrigation norm, in contrast, salinity increment in 2014 is in increasing trend with the increase of irrigation norm, And 2015-2016 salinity increment is in decreasing trend after first increasing with the increase of irrigation norm.Water in a canal+well water+well water irrigates mould Under formula, root layer soil salt increment in 2013 is in increasing trend with the increase of irrigation norm, and wherein uprated irrigates lower root layer soil Earth salinity increment is maximum, compare in, low irrigation norm promote 89.5%；Root layer soil salt increment is with irrigation norm within 2014 Increase in decreasing trend after first increasing, root layer soil salt increment is maximum under middle quota is irrigated, and is promoted respectively compared to high and low quota 9.7% and 12.8%；3 kinds of quotas in 2015 are irrigated lower root layer soil salt content and are declined, and salinity amount of decrease is with irrigation The increase of quota and increase；It is maximum that lower root layer soil salt increment is irrigated in 2016 by norm, is promoted respectively compared to high and low quota 116% and 102%.Under well water+water in a canal+water in a canal Irrigation, root layer soil salt increment in 2014 with irrigation norm increase Taper off trend；Root layer soil salt content is declined within 2015, and wherein net time irrigates lower salinity the biggest drop, with The raising of irrigation norm, the salinity range of decrease gradually decrease, and root layer soil salt increment tapers off with the increase of irrigation norm within 2016 Trend.Under pure water in a canal Irrigation, uprated in 2013 is irrigated lower root layer soil salt content and is declined, and in, net time It irrigates lower salinity and there is certain accumulation；Net time in 2014 irrigates lower salt content and decreases, and middle and high quota irrigates lower salt Divide accumulation amplification suitable；3 kinds of quotas in 2015 are irrigated lower root layer soil salt content and are greatly lowered, and with irrigation norm Raising, salinity amount of decrease tapers off trend；To 2016,3 kinds of quotas were irrigated lower root layer soil salt content and are shown as again slightly Go up, it is minimum that middle quota irrigates lower salinity increment.
In short, winter wheat root layer soil salt has a small increase trend after irrigating within continuous 4 years, wherein pure water in a canal Irrigation (D) winter wheat root layer soil salt increment is minimum under, followed by well water+water in a canal+water in a canal Irrigation (C), and pure well water irrigates mould Winter wheat root layer soil salt increment maximum (A) under formula.In contrast, salt accumulation is smaller under uprated Irrigation.Therefore, Uprated well water+water in a canal+water in a canal Irrigation may be selected in the insufficient area of surface water resources, and in water shortage zone, Quota well water+water in a canal+water in a canal Irrigation in may be selected.
6 2013-2016 Different Irrigation of table handles lower winter wheat root layer soil salt cumulative increment unit year by year: %
Sufficient Soil Moisture is the basis of irrigated area high crop yield stable yields.In a certain range, winter wheat yields with Irrigation quantity is positively correlated；But it pours water and excessively then easily leads to winter wheat yields and be remarkably decreased, excessive water deficit equally can be serious Inhibit winter wheat growth, causes the reduction of its yield.The application the result shows that, Different Irrigation quota to pure water in a canal (2014) and canal Winter wheat yields influence under water+well water+well water (2013-2014) Irrigation is relatively large, shows as high irrigation norm Under winter wheat yields be significantly higher than low irrigation norm, this is similar to previous application result；And to pure well water and well water+water in a canal+ Winter wheat yields influence under water in a canal Irrigation is relatively small, and reason may be the nutrition contents such as nitrogen in well water, phosphorus Far below water in a canal, the nutrition content difference in different well irrigation irrigation quantity input soil is smaller, thus to winter wheat yields shadow It is unobvious to ring difference.Under the conditions of previous application shows identical irrigation norm, pure water in a canal irrigates lower winter wheat yields and is higher than pure well water It irrigates and canal well is combined and irrigated.The application the result shows that, under low irrigating water quota, different canal well Irrigations are to winter wheat yields It influences unobvious；With the raising of irrigation norm, the winter wheat yields otherness under different canal well Irrigations is gradually increased, In winter wheat yields under pure water in a canal Irrigation it is maximum, it is similar to previous application result.On the one hand, water in a canal is rich in compared to well water Multiple nutritional components are more advantageous to and promote winter wheat volume increase；On the other hand, compared with well water, water in a canal temperature is small closer to the winter Wheat root zone temperature, it is possible to provide the temperature and nutrient condition of winter wheat root growth preferably.In addition, long-term well water irrigation is easily made At salt accumulation in soil, there is certain negative effect to the Soil Biochemicals such as soil microbial biomass, organic matter index, be unfavorable for crop Growth.Winter wheat yields comprehensive analysis shows the winter wheat yields under the high irrigation norm mode of pure water in a canal most under each Irrigation regime Greatly；Therefore, sufficient in surface water capacity and in the case where using maximum production as target, the pure water in a canal irrigation mould of uprated can be chosen Formula.
Under the status of surface fresh water scarcity of resources, Huang-Huai-Hai plain farmland irrigation water is especially nervous, by underground shallow layer Brackish water resource is the effective way for alleviating this area's the contradiction of supply and demand for the water resource as field irrigation make-up water source.It extracts micro- salty Water certainly will will lead to groundwater level decline for irrigating, to reduce the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil risk because of caused by evaporation from phreatic water；So And when using brackish water irrigation, if salinity is constantly built up in root layer soil and failed to elute in time to deep layer in water, again will The derivative root layer soil salinization.Brackish water irrigation will lead to salt accumulation in soil and crop failure, and salt water and fresh water alternate combinations fill It is ideal to irrigate effect；Soil salinity accumulation amount difference compared with fresh water irrigation is smaller under salty, fresh water combination irrigation, substantially less than Pure irrigation with saline water；Under conditions of the degree of mineralization of ground water is stablized, under different salty, fresh water combination irrigation modes soil salt content by It is light that small respectively light salty, the light degree of saltiness, the degree of saltiness are arrived greatly.In the application, winter wheat root layer soil salinity accumulation increment in 2013 with The increase of canal well water ratio and reduce；2014 under higher irrigation norm, root layer soil salt under pure water in a canal Irrigation Cumulative increment is far below pure well water Irrigation；Reason may be the high Irrigation of canal well water ratio, especially in height Under quota is irrigated, water in a canal irrigation leads to pure the elution effect of winter wheat root layer soil salt under root layer soil salt is with water It is smaller that water in a canal uprated irrigates lower soil salinity accumulation.In contrast, pure well water Irrigation and water in a canal+well water+well water are irrigated Root layer soil salinity accumulation amount is larger under mode, and well water irrigation promotes root layer soil salt significantly to accumulate, and the pustulation period is made in addition Material consumption water is big, and precipitation elution is insufficient, so as to cause root under pure well water Irrigation and water in a canal+well water+well water Irrigation Layer soil salinity accumulation amount is larger.Cause the factor of soil salt long-term accumulated effect more complex, irrigates water salinity, irrigates system The multiple factors such as degree, soil cultivation mode and soil texture special heterogeneity can influence salt accumulation in soil rule to varying degrees Rule, under different factor reciprocations, soil salinity accumulation feature difference is larger.Comprehensive analysis 2013-2016 salt accumulation Situation, winter wheat root layer soil salt have a small increase trend, wherein winter wheat root layer soil salt under pure water in a canal Irrigation (D) Divide increment minimum, followed by well water+water in a canal+water in a canal Irrigation (C), winter wheat root layer soil salt under pure well water Irrigation Increment maximum (A), there are certain adjustment effects to root layer soil salt for well water, water in a canal alternate irrigation mode.In contrast, Gao Ding Salt accumulation is smaller under volume Irrigation.Therefore, uprated well water+water in a canal+canal may be selected in the insufficient area of surface water resources Water Irrigation, and in water shortage zone, middle quota well water+water in a canal+water in a canal Irrigation may be selected.
(1) under net time is irrigated, it is unobvious that different canal wells water compares winter wheat yields influence；With mentioning for irrigation norm Height, influence of the Qu Jingyong water ratio to winter wheat yields are gradually increased, wherein the winter wheat yields under pure water in a canal Irrigation are most Greatly, 2014 it is especially pronounced；Different Irrigation quota is relatively small on the winter wheat yields influence under pure well water Irrigation, and right Winter wheat yields influence relatively large under pure water in a canal Irrigation；Winter wheat yields under the pure water in a canal Irrigation of uprated are most Greatly.
(2) winter wheat protein content is relatively high under pure well water Irrigation, winter wheat protein content difference by Irrigation is affected；Increase canal well and winter wheat bulk density can be improved with water ratio, bulk density is influenced less by irrigation norm；Winter wheat Wet gluten, stable time are on a declining curve with the increase of water ratio with canal well, and weakness degree is then with the increase of water ratio of canal well In the trend of raising.
(3) winter wheat root layer soil salt has a small increase trend after irrigating within continuous 4 years, wherein pure water in a canal Irrigation (D) winter wheat root layer soil salt increment is minimum under, followed by well water+water in a canal+water in a canal Irrigation (C), and pure well water irrigates mould Winter wheat root layer soil salt increment maximum (A) under formula.In contrast, salt accumulation is smaller under uprated Irrigation.Therefore, Uprated well water+water in a canal+water in a canal Irrigation may be selected in the insufficient area of surface water resources, and in water shortage zone, Quota well water+water in a canal+water in a canal Irrigation in may be selected.
In short, method provided by the present application, the combined irrigation by surface and groundwater suitable for the inadequate area of surface water is used, by this The safe and efficient irrigation in the inadequate area of surface water may be implemented in method, that is, can guarantee the high yield of winter wheat and guarantee acquisition Winter wheat has good quality, while by the determination of well water and water in a canal irrigation time and irrigating water quota, can be effective Prevent the generation of the salinization of soil.It is worth promoting the use of a large area.
It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second and the like are used merely to a reality Body or operation are distinguished with another entity or operation, are deposited without necessarily requiring or implying between these entities or operation In any actual relationship or order or sequence.Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant are intended to Non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements is not only wanted including those Element, but also including other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this process, method, article or equipment Intrinsic element.In the absence of more restrictions, the element limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that There is also other identical elements in process, method, article or equipment including the element.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is all Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so within the spirit and principles in the present invention, are all contained in protection scope of the present invention It is interior.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of safe high yield irrigation method of well-canal combined irrigated area winter wheat, which is characterized in that the described method includes:
It is irrigated respectively in winter wheat period of seedling establishment using underground water with quota irrigation method, uses earth's surface in the winter wheat jointing stage Water is irrigated, and is irrigated in Winter Wheat during Grain Filling Stage using surface water；
Wherein, the earth's surface water consumption accounts for the percent by volume for irrigating water inventory not less than 67%.
2. the safe high yield irrigation method of well-canal combined irrigated area winter wheat according to claim 1, which is characterized in that describedly It is lauched as well water, the surface water is water in a canal.
3. the safe high yield irrigation method of well-canal combined irrigated area winter wheat according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the well Water and the water in a canal not compositions comprising cationic surfactants, sulfide, cadmium, total arsenic, chromium, lead, copper, zinc, roundworm egg.
4. the safe high yield irrigation method of well-canal combined irrigated area winter wheat according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described fixed The irrigating water quota of volume irrigation method is is determined according to soil texture and structure.
5. the safe high yield irrigation method of well-canal combined irrigated area winter wheat according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the soil Loamy texture earth, 0~15cm soil layer soil weight 1.52g/cm are glued for powder3, 15~45cm soil layer soil weight 1.47g/cm3, 45 ~100cm soil layer soil weight 1.43g/cm3；The irrigating water quota of the quota irrigation method is 60m3/ mu~80m3/ mu.
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