CN110023621A - 确定风力涡轮上的载荷 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
- F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
- F03D7/048—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller controlling wind farms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/331—Mechanical loads
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Abstract
一种计算机相关方法,用于估算包括多个涡轮的风力发电场中的涡轮轮毂载荷,该方法包括以下步骤:提供3D气流数据库;提供涡轮载荷传递函数;测量每个涡轮的涡轮运行数据;以及使用3D气流数据库和涡轮载荷传递函数处理涡轮运行数据。这允许实时间接获得风力涡轮载荷而无需额外的涡轮仪表,从而降低此类系统的成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及风力发电场布局的设计方法。
背景技术
具有更紧凑且更精密的动力系统和更大转子的风力涡轮正被安装在风况更具挑战性的位置,这增加了因不当设计、过度载荷或非优化操作而导致涡轮部件过早失效的风险。精确估算涡轮载荷变得更加重要。可以对涡轮进行检测以测量这种载荷,但硬件成本以及随后的集成和数据分析通常非常昂贵。替代方法可以是测量一个或两个涡轮并将数据外推至风力发电场的其余部分。然而,虽然这种方法对于相对稳定的风况仍然有用,但无法捕获许多重要的瞬态风况,例如紊流、尾流效应或风切变。风力发电场CFD建模可以提供这些信息,但因计算量太大而不实用。
发明内容
所提出的方法允许使用利用风力发电场级建模和风力发电场SCADA数据开发的风荷载模型,实现更具代表性、成本效益更高且更快的涡轮载荷估算。然后,这种模型的结果可以用作涡轮级气动弹性载荷模型的输入,将涡轮经历的风况转换为动力系统载荷。得到的涡轮载荷模型可以用于在线或离线涡轮载荷计算,并且不需要永久性涡轮仪表。
本发明易于实施并且计算效率高,因为密集的CFD和气动弹性建模被3D气流数据库和离线开发的涡轮载荷传递函数所取代。
附图说明
现在将参考附图描述本发明,在附图中:
图1示出用于风力涡轮载荷估算的信息流的概要框图;
图2示出如何构建3D气流数据库150的实例;以及
图2示出涡轮载荷传递函数。
具体实施方式
在下文中,术语“风力发电场”可以指风力涡轮所在的区域,或者其中建议设置风力涡轮的区域。
现在参见图1,图中示出用于风力涡轮载荷估算的信息流的概要框图,利用涡轮载荷传递函数140从来自一个或多个涡轮的涡轮运行参数120和涡轮级风流130来确定涡轮轮毂载荷110,包括诸如叶片弯曲、扭矩、转子和弯曲力矩等载荷。
涡轮级风流130从3D风流数据库150和风力发电场级风流参数160获得。风力发电场级风流参数160包括风速、风向、紊流、环境温度和空气密度,并且从风力发电场级大气条件170获得。对于既有风力发电场,这些参数可以从例如SCADA、气象桅杆或LIDAR数据获得。例如,可以使用来自安装在风力涡轮上的风速计或其它风感测传感器的数据。对于正在开发的风力发电场,这些参数可以来自位于风力涡轮建议位置处的气象桅杆。重要的是,要注意3D风流数据库150由与风力发电场大气条件范围内风力发电场中不同位置处的一个或多个涡轮处的涡轮级风流量130相关的数据构建而成。这通常是先前获得的风力发电场大气条件。通常,3D风流数据库150是查找表。
涡轮运行参数120从涡轮运行状态180获得,典型地从SCADA数据导出。
应当理解的是,涡轮载荷传递函数140对于涡轮和风流等是特定的。
现在参见图2,图中示出如何构建3D气流数据库150的实例,在第一步骤210,收集风力发电场场地上单个点处的风力发电场级大气条件矩阵A1至An。这些方法是众所周知的,并且可以使用其它类似方法。风力发电场级风流入矩阵和大气条件矩阵可以包括但不限于空气密度、气温、风向、平均风速、风紊流等。单个点可以是气象桅杆、涡轮或LIDAR装置。在第二步骤210中,使用例如CFD模型(如连续性模型或其它建模方法)分析矩阵。在第三步骤240中,针对输入参数的每个组合执行风力发电场风流分析,以针对每组输入参数B1至Bn、C1至Cn,D1至Dn等产生涡轮级大气条件。由此,在步骤250中,构建3D气流数据库。因此,利用模拟结果形成了3D风载荷数据库,将风力发电场中每个单独涡轮的涡轮级风况映射至多个发电场级大气条件。该模型的输出可以是查找表、数据库、统计模型或使用CFD模拟结果形成的元模型。
一旦构建完成,3D气流数据库就可以“离线”使用,例如,作为查找表,其具有实时涡轮运行数据,以提供实时轮毂载荷数据。这消除了对进入风气流数据进行实时密集CFD建模的需求。
图3示出涡轮载荷传递函数。这使用涡轮级风况来计算每个风力条件下每个工况的涡轮(例如,以额定功率运行、空转、关闭)的涡轮轮毂载荷。这可以使用涡轮气动弹性模型(内部开发或使用市售包装之一,如FAST、Bladed等)或其它一些计算方法来完成。
如有必要,可以利用仪表化活动进一步调整模型,其中,用载荷测量硬件对选定位置处的一个或多个涡轮进行限定时间段的仪表化。
得到的模型允许使用现有可用的风力发电场级风况和涡轮SCADA数据,更快(因为用离线开发的数据库取代了计算密集型风力发电场CFD建模和涡轮轮毂载荷计算)、更准确(因为通过CFD建模捕捉瞬态大气条件)且更具成本效益(不需要额外的载荷测量设备)地估算风力涡轮轮毂载荷。风力发电场级风况可以用气象桅杆测量,或者从最合适涡轮的SCADA数据估算(取决于风向和涡轮运行状况)。
这种方法的优点包括以下成果:
使用现成可用的SCADA数据,而无需额外仪器,估算的涡轮载荷包括由风紊流和风切变引起的载荷。
得到的模型可以用作查找表或与涡轮控制器数据结合使用的函数,用于在线载荷计算。
该方法可以在风力发电场规划和设计阶段使用,以优化涡轮位置,产生最大功率,同时使运行载荷造成的损坏最小化。
这意味着该方法可以用于使用上述方法以包括以下步骤的方法设计风力发电场布局:
提供3D气流数据库;
提供涡轮载荷传递函数;
测量每个涡轮的涡轮运行数据;以及
使用3D气流数据库和涡轮载荷传递函数处理涡轮运行数据;
其中,风力涡轮载荷是实时间接获得的,无需额外的涡轮仪表,并且产生用于电场中风力涡轮布局的设计。
结合风力发电场的长期风评估和涡轮部件的损坏计算,该方法可以用于涡轮部件的使用寿命评估。
该方法可以用于定义风力发电场的最优风力涡轮控制策略(例如,在优化损坏累积的同时使电力生产最大化、延长涡轮部件的使用寿命等)。
Claims (9)
1.一种由计算机实施的用于估算风力发电场中的涡轮轮毂载荷的方法,所述风力发电场包括多个涡轮,所述方法包括以下步骤:
提供3D气流数据库;
提供涡轮载荷传递函数;
测量每个涡轮的涡轮运行数据;以及
使用所述3D气流数据库和所述涡轮载荷传递函数来处理涡轮运行数据;
其中,风力涡轮载荷是实时间接获得的,无需额外的涡轮仪表,从而降低此类系统的成本。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于估算风力发电场中的涡轮轮毂载荷的方法,其中,所述3D气流数据库根据下述方法构建:
在风力发电场场地上的单个点处形成风力发电场级大气条件矩阵;以及
针对输入参数的每个组合分析所述矩阵,以在每个涡轮位置处针对所述输入参数中的每组输入参数给出涡轮级大气条件。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于估算风力发电场中的涡轮轮毂载荷的方法,其中,分析所述矩阵的步骤是计算流体动力学分析。
4.根据前述任意一项权利要求所述的用于估算风力发电场中的涡轮轮毂载荷的方法,其中,所述涡轮载荷传递函数是针对每组发电场级大气条件、针对每个运行状态的每个单独涡轮处的涡轮载荷的场地映射。
5.一种用于设计针对风力发电场的布局的方法,包括以下步骤:
(a)针对风力发电场内的每个涡轮,根据权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的方法估算涡轮轮毂载荷;
(b)改变所述布局以针对所述涡轮中的每个涡轮来平衡电力生产与载荷;
重复步骤(a)和(b),以优化所述风力发电场的电力生产和载荷。
6.一种操作风力涡轮的方法,包括以下步骤:
针对所述涡轮,根据权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的方法估算涡轮轮毂载荷;
基于所述涡轮载荷、在无需额外仪表的情况下平衡电力生产和/或操作以及维修成本。
7.一种使用场地级风信息来估算风力涡轮部件的场地特定使用寿命的方法。
8.一种用于估算风力发电场中的轮毂载荷的系统,包括:
3D气流数据库;
涡轮载荷传递函数模块;
输入装置,用于接收针对每个涡轮的实时涡轮运行数据;
其中,所述涡轮载荷传递函数模块使用所述3D气流数据库将所述涡轮运行数据转换为实时载荷数据。
9.一种由计算机实施的用于设计风力发电场中的风力涡轮的布局的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
提供3D气流数据库;
提供涡轮载荷传递函数;
测量每个涡轮的涡轮运行数据;以及
使用所述3D气流数据库和所述涡轮载荷传递函数来处理涡轮运行数据;
其中,风力涡轮载荷是实时间接获得的,无需额外的涡轮仪表,并且产生用于所述电场中的风力涡轮的所述布局的设计。
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GBGB1617584.6A GB201617584D0 (en) | 2016-10-17 | 2016-10-17 | Determining loads on a wind turbine |
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PCT/IB2017/056230 WO2018073688A1 (en) | 2016-10-17 | 2017-10-09 | Determining loads on a wind turbine |
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CN109611268B (zh) * | 2018-11-01 | 2020-11-06 | 协鑫能源科技有限公司 | 一种双叶轮水平轴风力机设计优化方法 |
US11629694B2 (en) | 2019-10-22 | 2023-04-18 | General Electric Company | Wind turbine model based control and estimation with accurate online models |
EP3846066A1 (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2021-07-07 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Estimating design loads for wind turbines |
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KR20190096966A (ko) | 2019-08-20 |
GB2555010B (en) | 2019-09-25 |
GB201716532D0 (en) | 2017-11-22 |
JP2019532215A (ja) | 2019-11-07 |
WO2018073688A1 (en) | 2018-04-26 |
GB2555010A (en) | 2018-04-18 |
GB201617584D0 (en) | 2016-11-30 |
EP3526471A1 (en) | 2019-08-21 |
CN110023621B (zh) | 2024-01-02 |
US20190242364A1 (en) | 2019-08-08 |
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