CN110018363A - Antenna phase center determines method - Google Patents
Antenna phase center determines method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110018363A CN110018363A CN201910349310.7A CN201910349310A CN110018363A CN 110018363 A CN110018363 A CN 110018363A CN 201910349310 A CN201910349310 A CN 201910349310A CN 110018363 A CN110018363 A CN 110018363A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0864—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by constructional or functional features
- G01R29/0892—Details related to signal analysis or treatment; presenting results, e.g. displays; measuring specific signal features other than field strength, e.g. polarisation, field modes, phase, envelope, maximum value
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/10—Radiation diagrams of antennas
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of antenna phase centers to determine method, comprising: determines that antenna pattern when antenna to be measured is located at coordinate origin, the antenna pattern include amplitude direction figure and phase pattern；According to the amplitude direction figure and phase pattern, phase distribution of the antenna to be measured in lobe width is determined；Construct objective functionThe unknown rectangular co-ordinate so that when the objective function minimum is solved, so that the unknown rectangular co-ordinate when objective function minimum is the rectangular co-ordinate of the phase center of the antenna to be measured.Antenna phase center provided by the invention determines method, can quickly and accurately determine antenna phase center.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication technology fields, and in particular to a kind of antenna phase center determines method.
Background technique
Phase center is a kind of important parameter of antenna, is mainly used for describing electromagnetic horn, GPS antenna and phased array antenna
The characteristic of equal antennas.Theoretically, for the electromagnetic wave that antenna is given off after leaving antenna certain distance, equiphase surface can be close
Like being a spherical surface, the centre of sphere of the spherical surface is the displaced phase center of the antenna.The side of phase center is determined in the prior art
There are two types of method is usual: one is phase center is determined by automatic measurement system, this method is due to needing repeatedly mobile visit
Head or antenna to be measured, and duplicate measurements process cause the consuming time longer；Another kind is for measurement data using certain calculation
Method carrys out approximate determining phase center, and this method can reduce pendulous frequency, but due in the expression formula of electromagnetic wave to phase
Certain approximation has been done, will lead to apparent systematic error.
Summary of the invention
To be solved by this invention is that existing antenna phase center determines that method can not quickly and accurately determine day
The problem of phase of line center.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of antenna phase center determines method, comprising:
Determine antenna pattern when antenna to be measured is located at coordinate origin, the antenna pattern include amplitude direction figure and
Phase pattern；
According to the amplitude direction figure and phase pattern, phase of the antenna to be measured in lobe width point is determined
Cloth；
Construct objective functionWherein, L is institute
The dependent variable of objective function is stated, N is the quantity that phase is located at the sampled point in the lobe width, ψiFor ith sample point
Phase, k are electromagnetic wave free space wave number,For the rectangular co-ordinate of ith sample point,For unknown rectangular co-ordinate, a be less than
The positive real number of the distance between the sampled point and the antenna to be measured；
The unknown rectangular co-ordinate so that when the objective function minimum is solved, so that when the objective function minimum
The unknown rectangular co-ordinate is the rectangular co-ordinate of the phase center of the antenna to be measured.
Optionally, antenna pattern when determination antenna to be measured is located at coordinate origin includes:
The antenna to be measured is installed in microwave dark room；
Using the geometric center in the mouth face of the antenna to be measured as coordinate origin, make the antenna to be measured around the coordinate origin
Carry out spherical rotary；
Acquire the field strength amplitude and phase of each sampled point；
According to the field strength amplitude and phase of each sampled point, the antenna pattern is determined.
Optionally, the described antenna to be measured is installed in microwave dark room includes:
Six shaft mechanical arms are set in the microwave dark room；
The antenna to be measured is installed on the six shaft mechanicals arm.
Optionally, it is described make the antenna to be measured around the coordinate origin carry out spherical rotary include:
The antenna to be measured is moved around institute by six shaft mechanical armbands described in the PC control outside the microwave dark room
It states coordinate origin and carries out spherical rotary.
Optionally, the field strength amplitude of each sampled point of acquisition and phase include:
The radiation field of each sampled point is acquired by the standard-gain horn antenna being located in the microwave dark room；
The radiation field of each sampled point is analyzed by the vector network analyzer being located at outside the microwave dark room, is obtained each
The field strength amplitude and phase of sampled point.
Optionally, the amplitude direction figure includes the amplitude direction figure in XOZ plane and the amplitude direction in YOZ plane
Figure.
Optionally, the phase pattern includes the phase pattern in XOZ plane and the phase directional in YOZ plane
Figure.
Optionally, described to solve so that the unknown rectangular co-ordinate when objective function minimum includes:
The unknown rectangular co-ordinate so that when the objective function minimum is solved using polygon optimization algorithm.
Optionally, the geometric center in the mouth face of the antenna to be measured is overlapped with the coordinate origin.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the following advantages and benefits:
Antenna phase center provided by the invention determines method, and radiation when coordinate origin is located at by determination antenna to be measured
The objective function that directional diagram obtains phase distribution of the antenna to be measured in lobe width, and defines optimization is projected phase
It is very poor, the variable of the objective function optimization is solved according to phase distribution of the antenna to be measured in lobe width, it is described
The variable of objective function optimization is exactly the rectangular co-ordinate of the phase center of the antenna to be measured.Due to antenna phase provided by the invention
Position center determines that method only needs to carry out one-shot measurement, it is thus possible to quickly determine the phase center of the antenna to be measured.And
And during determining the phase center of the antenna to be measured, any approximation is not used, thus it is true using the method for the present invention
Fixed phase center is more accurate than the phase center determined using existing method.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing described herein is used to provide to further understand the embodiment of the present invention, constitutes one of the application
Point, do not constitute the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is that the antenna phase center of the embodiment of the present invention determines the model schematic of method；
Fig. 2 is the schematic device of the antenna pattern of the determination antenna to be measured of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the amplitude direction figure of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the phase distribution figure in the lobe width of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is projected phase comparison diagram of the embodiment of the present invention in XOZ plane；
Fig. 6 is projected phase comparison diagram of the embodiment of the present invention in YOZ plane.
Specific embodiment
Just as described in the background art, for measurement data using certain algorithm come approximate determining phase center, by
Certain approximation has been done to phase in the expression formula in electromagnetic wave, will lead to apparent systematic error.Also, this method is to phase
The definition at center is also unreasonable.Even if antenna to be measured is placed at phase center, the phase on the spherical surface of far-field region is also hardly
It may be a constant, and always have certain variation.Phase center is considered as so that on the spherical surface of far-field region by existing method
The smallest point of the standard deviation of phase, however it is the smallest very poor to usually require that phase has in practical application scene, very poor is exactly letter
The difference of number maximum value and function minimum value.In general, very poor not usually also to be if phase has the smallest standard deviation
It is the smallest.Therefore, minimum is very poor to obtain better phase center result than minimizing standard deviation.Based on this, the present invention is mentioned
Method is determined for a kind of antenna phase center, antenna pattern when coordinate origin is located at by determination antenna to be measured, obtains institute
Phase distribution of the antenna to be measured in lobe width is stated, the objective function for then defining optimization is the very poor of projected phase, according to
Phase distribution of the antenna to be measured in lobe width solves the variable of the objective function optimization, the objective function optimization
Variable be exactly the antenna to be measured phase center rectangular co-ordinate.
Fig. 1 is that the antenna phase center of the embodiment of the present invention determines the model schematic of method.It, will be to observation with reference to Fig. 1
Line is placed at coordinate origin O, and acquisition radius is the radiation field on the spherical surface of r.Two masters can be divided into around the field of antenna
The region wanted: being known as near field or the area Fiss alunite ear (Fresnel) close to the region of antenna, referred to as remote from the farther away region of antenna
Field or the area Fu Langhuofa (Fraunhofer).The line of demarcation in twoth area can be taken as radius 2L2/ λ, wherein L is the maximum ruler of antenna
Very little, λ is wavelength.In far-field region, the field component measured is on the radial cross section centered on antenna, and all
Power flow be all radially, the shape of field wave lobe figure with to unrelated at a distance from antenna.Therefore, as long as the value of radius r
Greater than 2L2/ λ.A shared M sampled point P on spherical surfacei, i=1,2 ..., M, Fig. 1 is 4 to be illustrated with the value of M.Sampling
Point PiSpherical coordinates be (r, θi,φi), sampled point PiCorresponding rectangular co-ordinate is
Sampled point PiThe measurement phase at place is ψi, wherein θiFor origin O to sampled point PiLine and positive Z axis between zenith angle, φi
For origin O to sampled point PiAzimuth of the line between the projection line and positive X-axis of XOY plane.Assuming that phase center is located at
Point Q, rectangular co-ordinate areA radius is drawn by the centre of sphere of point Q as the new spherical surface of a, which, which is referred to as, throws
Shadow spherical surface, wherein a is the positive real number less than r.With straight line tie point Q and each sampled point Pi, the friendship of the straight line and projection spherical surface
Point TiReferred to as subpoint.Subpoint TiPhase ψi' it is referred to as projected phase, it can be expressed as with measurement phase:
Point Q is moved, subpoint T is then measurediPhase, then measurement result will be just the same with above formula result.
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, to this
Invention is described in further detail, and exemplary embodiment of the invention and its explanation for explaining only the invention, are not made
For limitation of the invention.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of antenna phase center and determines method, and the antenna phase center determines method packet
It includes:
Step S1 determines that antenna pattern when antenna to be measured is located at coordinate origin, the antenna pattern include amplitude
Directional diagram and phase pattern.
With reference to Fig. 2, the antenna to be measured is installed in microwave dark room, for example, can be arranged in the microwave dark room
The antenna to be measured is installed on the six shaft mechanicals arm by six shaft mechanical arms.It is described to be measured in order to find three dimensional Phase center
The geometric center in the mouth face of antenna is overlapped with the coordinate origin, and the antenna to be measured is made to carry out spherical surface rotation around the coordinate origin
Turn.Further, it is possible to dynamic described to observation by six shaft mechanical armbands described in the PC control outside the microwave dark room
Line carries out spherical rotary around the coordinate origin.The process of spherical rotary is carried out around the coordinate origin in the antenna to be measured
In, acquire the field strength amplitude and phase of each sampled point, i.e. the standard-gain horn antenna by being located in the microwave dark room
The radiation field of each sampled point is acquired, and the vector network analyzer by being located at outside the microwave dark room analyzes each sampled point
Radiation field, obtain the field strength amplitude and phase of each sampled point.It should be noted that the standard-gain horn antenna and institute
Stating the distance between antenna to be measured is the radius r in Fig. 1.Since the position of standard-gain horn antenna is fixed, and institute
It states antenna to be measured and carries out spherical rotary around the coordinate origin, thus the antenna to be measured is rotated every time to different positions,
Can think the standard-gain horn antenna acquisition is the field strength amplitude and phase of different sampled points.According to each sampling
The field strength amplitude and phase of point, determine the antenna pattern.The antenna pattern includes amplitude direction figure and phase directional
Figure, and the amplitude direction figure includes the amplitude direction figure in XOZ plane and the amplitude direction figure in YOZ plane, the phase
Directional diagram includes the phase pattern in XOZ plane and the phase pattern in YOZ plane.
Step S2 determines the antenna to be measured in lobe width according to the amplitude direction figure and phase pattern
Phase distribution.
Lobe width is the angle that the covering of the fan that radio-wave radiation is formed is opened, and the radio wave of same antenna transmitting is not
Radiation intensity on equidirectional is different, so being defined as the both direction than the power decline 3dB in greatest irradiation direction
Between angle be lobe width, i.e., crest amplitude reduces corresponding angular range at 3dB down in the described amplitude direction figure,
Corresponding phase is the phase distribution in lobe width in this angular range.Since the electromagnetic energy in lobe width compares
Height, other parts electromagnetic energy are almost 0, without the concern for, thus the embodiment of the present invention is in the phase for determining the antenna to be measured
When the center of position, it is only necessary to determine the phase distribution of the lobe width of the antenna to be measured.
Step S3 constructs objective functionIts
In, L is the dependent variable of the objective function, and N is the quantity that phase is located at the sampled point in the lobe width, ψiIt is i-th
The phase of sampled point, k are electromagnetic wave free space wave number,For the rectangular co-ordinate of ith sample point,For unknown right angle seat
Mark, a are the positive real number less than the distance between the sampled point and the antenna to be measured.
Specifically, the maximum value of projected phase and minimum value are respectively as follows:
With
So objective function is very poor:
Step S4 solves the unknown rectangular co-ordinate so that when the objective function minimum, so that the objective function
Unknown rectangular co-ordinate when minimum is the rectangular co-ordinate of the phase center of the antenna to be measured.
So that the unknown rectangular co-ordinate when objective function minimum is the straight of the phase center of the antenna to be measured
Angular coordinate, the unknown rectangular co-ordinate can be determined easily by optimization method.Due to the objective function and Non-smooth surface
Function, gradient and Hessian matrix are unavailable, therefore certain optimization methods are invalid, such as conjugate gradient methods.Therefore,
In this specification embodiment, the unknown right angle so that when the objective function minimum is solved using polygon optimization algorithm
Coordinate.How solved using polygon optimization algorithm as known to those skilled in the art so that described when the objective function minimum
Unknown rectangular co-ordinate, details are not described herein.
Antenna phase center provided in an embodiment of the present invention determines method, is located at coordinate original by the determination antenna to be measured
Antenna pattern when point obtains phase distribution of the antenna to be measured in lobe width, and defines the objective function of optimization
For the very poor of projected phase, the objective function optimization is solved according to phase distribution of the antenna to be measured in lobe width
Variable, the variable of the objective function optimization are exactly the rectangular co-ordinate of the phase center of the antenna to be measured.Since the present invention mentions
The antenna phase center of confession determines that method only needs to carry out one-shot measurement, it is thus possible to quickly determine the phase of the antenna to be measured
Position center.Also, during determining the phase center of the antenna to be measured, any approximation is not used, thus using this
The phase center that inventive method determines is more accurate than the phase center determined using existing method.
The antenna phase center provided in order to better illustrate the present invention determines that the effect of method, the present invention use 22 elementary waves
Lap gating system is led as the antenna to be measured and carries out actual verification.When being verified, this 22 yuan are installed according to structure shown in Fig. 2
Waveguide slot battle array, and only to the pumping signal of the 11st unit of 22 yuan of Waveguide slot battle arrays input 20Ghz.Fig. 3 be it is described to
Observation line is located at amplitude direction figure when coordinate origin, and lobe width of the antenna to be measured in XOZ plane is -56 ° and arrives
57 °, lobe width of the antenna to be measured in YOZ plane is -6 ° to 7 °, phase of the antenna to be measured in lobe width
Distribution is as shown in Figure 4.Table one gives the very poor correlation data of phase in XOZ plane and in YOZ plane, wherein first
Secondary actual measurement is that the antenna to be measured is placed in at coordinate origin to measure phase very poor, second actual measurement be will it is described to
It is very poor that observation line is placed in measurement phase at the phase center obtained using the method for the present invention:
Table one
As can be seen from Table I, it is very poor that the antenna to be measured is placed in the phase obtained at coordinate origin, in two interareas
The very poor of upper phase is respectively 26.21 ° and 3.82 °, it is clear that coordinate origin is not phase center.Table two gives using the present invention
The phase center coordinate that method determines and the phase center coordinate obtained using existing method:
Table two
| x | y | z | Determine the time | |
| The method of the present invention | 2.67mm | -1.29mm | -1.77mm | 0.003s |
| Existing method | 2.47mm | -1.14mm | -2.09mm | 0.002s |
As can be seen from Table II, using the method for the present invention and the phase center coordinate determined using existing method, in Z coordinate
On difference be up to 0.32mm, but the speed of the two is almost the same.Fig. 5 be use the method for the present invention, use existing method with
And the projected phase comparison diagram in XOZ plane that second of actual measurement obtains, Fig. 6 are using the method for the present invention, using existing
The projected phase comparison diagram in YOZ plane for thering is method and second of actual measurement to obtain.From figs. 5 and 6, it can be seen that
It is more preferable than the result obtained using existing method using the method for the present invention.The projected phase determined using the method for the present invention is in XOZ
Face and the face YOZ it is very poor be respectively 0.56 ° and 0.61 °, less than using existing method determination projected phase it is very poor.Mostly
In number situations, 1mm coordinate value difference below and 1 ° of phase fluctuation below not a problem at last, however, these are small
Difference is vital for high-precision Waveguide slot battle array.It should be noted that second of actual measurement obtains
Phase and the projected phase that is determined using the method for the present invention it is almost the same, the difference of the two is mainly by vector network analyzer
Quantization error and the position errors of six shaft mechanical arms determine that the phase center ratio determined using the method for the present invention is using existing
The phase center that method determines is more accurate.
Above-described specific embodiment has carried out further the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
It is described in detail, it should be understood that being not intended to limit the present invention the foregoing is merely a specific embodiment of the invention
Protection scope, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of antenna phase center determines method characterized by comprising
Determine that antenna pattern when antenna to be measured is located at coordinate origin, the antenna pattern include amplitude direction figure and phase
Directional diagram；
According to the amplitude direction figure and phase pattern, phase distribution of the antenna to be measured in lobe width is determined；
Construct objective functionWherein, L is the mesh
The dependent variable of scalar functions, N are the quantity that phase is located at the sampled point in the lobe width, ψiFor the phase of ith sample point,
K is electromagnetic wave free space wave number,For the rectangular co-ordinate of ith sample point,For unknown rectangular co-ordinate, a is less than described
The positive real number of the distance between sampled point and the antenna to be measured；
The unknown rectangular co-ordinate so that when the objective function minimum is solved, so that described when the objective function minimum
Unknown rectangular co-ordinate is the rectangular co-ordinate of the phase center of the antenna to be measured.
2. antenna phase center according to claim 1 determines method, which is characterized in that the determination antenna to be measured is located at
Antenna pattern when coordinate origin includes:
The antenna to be measured is installed in microwave dark room；
Using the geometric center in the mouth face of the antenna to be measured as coordinate origin, carry out the antenna to be measured around the coordinate origin
Spherical rotary；
Acquire the field strength amplitude and phase of each sampled point；
According to the field strength amplitude and phase of each sampled point, the antenna pattern is determined.
3. antenna phase center according to claim 2 determines method, which is characterized in that described to pacify the antenna to be measured
It is attached in microwave dark room and includes:
Six shaft mechanical arms are set in the microwave dark room；
The antenna to be measured is installed on the six shaft mechanicals arm.
4. antenna phase center according to claim 3 determines method, which is characterized in that it is described make the antenna to be measured around
The coordinate origin carries out spherical rotary
The antenna to be measured is moved around the seat by six shaft mechanical armbands described in the PC control outside the microwave dark room
It marks origin and carries out spherical rotary.
5. antenna phase center according to claim 2 determines method, which is characterized in that each sampled point of acquisition
Field strength amplitude and phase include:
The radiation field of each sampled point is acquired by the standard-gain horn antenna being located in the microwave dark room；
The radiation field that each sampled point is analyzed by the vector network analyzer being located at outside the microwave dark room, obtains each sampling
The field strength amplitude and phase of point.
6. antenna phase center according to claim 1 determines method, which is characterized in that the amplitude direction figure is included in
The amplitude direction figure of XOZ plane and amplitude direction figure in YOZ plane.
7. antenna phase center according to claim 1 determines method, which is characterized in that the phase pattern is included in
The phase pattern of XOZ plane and phase pattern in YOZ plane.
8. antenna phase center according to claim 1 determines method, which is characterized in that the solution is so that the target
Unknown rectangular co-ordinate when function minimum includes:
The unknown rectangular co-ordinate so that when the objective function minimum is solved using polygon optimization algorithm.
9. antenna phase center according to claim 1 determines method, which is characterized in that the mouth face of the antenna to be measured
Geometric center is overlapped with the coordinate origin.
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| CN110505024A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-11-26 | 成都华兴大地科技有限公司 | Pointing accuracy modification method for Millimeter Wave Phased Array Antenna |
| CN111273240A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-06-12 | 中国西安卫星测控中心 | Beidou-oriented three-dimensional four-side phased array antenna measurement reference determination method |
| CN113671271A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-11-19 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Antenna test data acquisition method for three-dimensional space automatic trajectory control |
| CN114966238A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-08-30 | 陕西拾贝通讯技术有限公司 | Automatic detection and alignment method for antenna phase center |
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| CN111273240A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-06-12 | 中国西安卫星测控中心 | Beidou-oriented three-dimensional four-side phased array antenna measurement reference determination method |
| CN113671271A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-11-19 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Antenna test data acquisition method for three-dimensional space automatic trajectory control |
| CN113671271B (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2023-11-10 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Antenna test data acquisition method for three-dimensional space automatic track control |
| CN114966238A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-08-30 | 陕西拾贝通讯技术有限公司 | Automatic detection and alignment method for antenna phase center |
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