CN110018324B - Ion wind speed and direction measurement method and ion wind speed and direction meter - Google Patents
Ion wind speed and direction measurement method and ion wind speed and direction meter Download PDFInfo
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- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
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- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明实施例涉及离子风速风向测量技术领域，具体涉及一种离子风速风向测量法及离子风速风向计。The embodiments of the present invention relate to the technical field of ion wind speed and direction measurement, and in particular to an ion wind speed and direction measurement method and an ion wind speed and direction meter.
背景技术Background technique
风是空气流动时产生的一种自然现象，空气的水平运动形成风，风是一个矢量，用风速和风向表示。风速就是风的前进速度，单位是米/秒，现有的测量风速的方法有：风杯测量法、叶轮测量法、热线测量法和超声波测量法；风向指风吹来的方向，风向的单位可以用方位和角度表示。通常而言，测量风向的装置是风向标，测量风速的装置为风速计，常用的风速计有风杯风速计、叶轮式风速计、热线风速计和声学风速计等，而随着科技的快速发展和人们的不断努力，研究出了更多测量风速和风向的方法。Wind is a natural phenomenon produced by air flow. The horizontal movement of air forms wind. Wind is a vector, which is expressed by wind speed and wind direction. Wind speed is the forward speed of wind, and its unit is meter per second. The existing methods for measuring wind speed are: cup measurement method, impeller measurement method, hot wire measurement method and ultrasonic measurement method; wind direction refers to the direction from which the wind blows, and the unit of wind direction can be expressed in azimuth and angle. Generally speaking, the device for measuring wind direction is a wind vane, and the device for measuring wind speed is an anemometer. Commonly used anemometers include cup anemometers, impeller anemometers, hot wire anemometers and acoustic anemometers. With the rapid development of science and technology and people's continuous efforts, more methods for measuring wind speed and wind direction have been developed.
授权公告号为CN103076462B的中国专利公开了一种多方向风速测量装置，包括测风装置以及用于安装测风装置的安装支架；其中，所述测风装置包括用于处理风速数据的微控制器模块、供电模块以及至少两个风速测量单元；其中，所述风速测量单元包括风速测量传感器和外壳，每个风速测量单元上设有一个风速测量单元接口；所述微控制器模块包括处理器、存储器以及多个风速采集接口，其中每个风速采集接口与一个风速测量单元上的风速测量单元接口连接。本发明的多方向风速测量装置能够测量风场范围内特定点的多个方向风速，上述的方案通过测风装置检测风场内的风速数据，由于该测风装置包括至少两个风速测量单元，因此可根据需要设置若干风速测量单元，从而可获得多个方向的风速数据，测得的风速数据由微控制器模块进行采集和处理，并通过有线或无线的方式传送到数据汇集系统进行分析和处理，从而实现对风场范围内特定点的多个方向风速的测量。而该种风速测量的方法依然是采用传统的风速测量元件。The Chinese patent with the authorization announcement number CN103076462B discloses a multi-directional wind speed measuring device, including a wind measuring device and a mounting bracket for installing the wind measuring device; wherein the wind measuring device includes a microcontroller module for processing wind speed data, a power supply module and at least two wind speed measuring units; wherein the wind speed measuring unit includes a wind speed measuring sensor and a housing, and each wind speed measuring unit is provided with a wind speed measuring unit interface; the microcontroller module includes a processor, a memory and a plurality of wind speed acquisition interfaces, wherein each wind speed acquisition interface is connected to a wind speed measuring unit interface on a wind speed measuring unit. The multi-directional wind speed measuring device of the present invention can measure the wind speeds of multiple directions at a specific point within the wind field. The above scheme detects the wind speed data in the wind field through the wind measuring device. Since the wind measuring device includes at least two wind speed measuring units, a plurality of wind speed measuring units can be set as needed, so that the wind speed data of multiple directions can be obtained. The measured wind speed data is collected and processed by the microcontroller module, and transmitted to the data collection system for analysis and processing by wired or wireless means, so as to realize the measurement of the wind speeds of multiple directions at a specific point within the wind field. However, this method of wind speed measurement still uses traditional wind speed measurement elements.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为此，本发明实施例提供一种离子风速风向测量法及离子风速风向计，以解决现有技术中由于现有技术不成熟而导致的不能采用空气离子测量风速和风向的问题。To this end, the embodiments of the present invention provide an ion wind speed and direction measurement method and an ion wind speed and direction meter to solve the problem in the prior art that air ions cannot be used to measure wind speed and wind direction due to the immaturity of the prior art.
为了实现上述目的，本发明实施例提供如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
根据本发明实施例的第一方面，一种离子风速风向测量法及离子风速风向计，包括用于对空气进行电离的电离装置、用于接收电离后的空气离子的吸附装置，所述电离装置包括用于提供电压的电源以及与电源连接用于电离空气的放射源Y1，所述吸附装置包括与电源其中一极连接用于吸附电离后空气离子的主电极T1、与主电极连接相同的电源一极用于吸附空气流动带动的空气离子的若干个副电极Tn，所述电离装置中的放射源与吸附装置中的主电极和副电极分别连接电源相反的两极。According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, an ion wind speed and direction measurement method and an ion wind speed and direction meter include an ionization device for ionizing air and an adsorption device for receiving ionized air ions, the ionization device includes a power supply for providing voltage and a radiation source Y1 connected to the power supply for ionizing air, the adsorption device includes a main electrode T1 connected to one pole of the power supply for adsorbing ionized air ions, and a plurality of secondary electrodes Tn connected to the same pole of the power supply as the main electrode for adsorbing air ions driven by air flow, the radiation source in the ionization device and the main electrode and secondary electrode in the adsorption device are respectively connected to opposite poles of the power supply.
进一步地，所述主电极与电源之间、所述副电极与电源之间均串联有采样电阻。Furthermore, a sampling resistor is connected in series between the main electrode and the power supply, and between the secondary electrode and the power supply.
进一步地，所述放射源为镅241制成的放射源。Furthermore, the radiation source is made of americium 241.
进一步地，所述主电极正对放射源，若干个所述副电极环绕设置在主电极周围。Furthermore, the main electrode faces the radiation source, and a plurality of the auxiliary electrodes are arranged around the main electrode.
进一步地，所述副电极设置为八个副电极，八个所述副电极等间距设置，八个所述副电极分别对应东、东南、南、西南、西、西北、北、东北。Furthermore, the auxiliary electrodes are arranged as eight auxiliary electrodes, the eight auxiliary electrodes are arranged at equal intervals, and the eight auxiliary electrodes correspond to east, southeast, south, southwest, west, northwest, north, and northeast respectively.
根据本发明实施例的第二方面，一种离子风速风向测量法，包括以下步骤S1、将放射源和电极分别通异极电压；S2、测量正电极的采样电阻的离子电流量，将离子电流量与正电极的采样电阻的阻值相乘得到风速电压，将风速电压乘以常数f得到风速；测量副电极的采样电阻的离子电流量，将离子电流量与副电极的采样电阻的阻值相乘得到风向电压，将风向电压乘以常数F得到风向。According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, an ion wind speed and direction measurement method includes the following steps: S1, passing opposite-polarity voltages through a radiation source and an electrode respectively; S2, measuring the ion current of a sampling resistor of a positive electrode, multiplying the ion current by the resistance value of the sampling resistor of the positive electrode to obtain a wind speed voltage, and multiplying the wind speed voltage by a constant f to obtain a wind speed; measuring the ion current of a sampling resistor of a secondary electrode, multiplying the ion current by the resistance value of the sampling resistor of the secondary electrode to obtain a wind direction voltage, and multiplying the wind direction voltage by a constant F to obtain a wind direction.
根据本发明实施例的第三方面，一种基于离子风速风向测量法的电子设备，包括：存储器和处理器，所述处理器和所述存储器通过总线完成相互间的通信；所述存储器存储有可被所述处理器执行的程序指令，所述处理器调用所述程序指令能够执行如权利要求6所述的方法。According to the third aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, an electronic device based on the ion wind speed and direction measurement method includes: a memory and a processor, the processor and the memory communicate with each other through a bus; the memory stores program instructions that can be executed by the processor, and the processor calls the program instructions to execute the method as claimed in claim 6.
根据本发明实施例的第四方面，一种基于离子风速风向测量法的计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，其上存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求6所述方法的步骤。According to a fourth aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium based on an ion wind speed and direction measurement method is provided, wherein a computer program is stored thereon, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method as claimed in claim 6 are implemented.
本发明实施例具有如下优点：能够通过对空气电离，检测电离后的空气离子最终到达主电极的数量、即通电量，获得风速，检测电离后的空气离子偏移至副电极的数量，获得风向，简单快捷，且计算结果较为准确，制造成本较低。The embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages: the wind speed can be obtained by ionizing the air and detecting the number of ionized air ions that finally reach the main electrode, that is, the amount of current flowing, and the wind direction can be obtained by detecting the number of ionized air ions that deviate to the secondary electrode. The method is simple and quick, the calculation result is relatively accurate, and the manufacturing cost is low.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本发明的实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是示例性的，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图引伸获得其它的实施附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation of the present invention or the technical solution in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the implementation or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other implementation drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative work.
本说明书所绘示的结构、比例、大小等，均仅用以配合说明书所揭示的内容，以供熟悉此技术的人士了解与阅读，并非用以限定本发明可实施的限定条件，故不具技术上的实质意义，任何结构的修饰、比例关系的改变或大小的调整，在不影响本发明所能产生的功效及所能达成的目的下，均应仍落在本发明所揭示的技术内容得能涵盖的范围内。The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification so as to facilitate understanding and reading by persons familiar with the technology. They are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any structural modification, change in proportion or adjustment of size shall still fall within the scope of the technical contents disclosed in the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention.
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种离子风速风向计的电源接放射源的正极的原理示意电路图；FIG1 is a schematic circuit diagram showing the principle of connecting a power supply of an ion anemometer to a positive electrode of a radiation source provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种离子风速风向计的电源接放射源的负极的原理示意电路图。FIG2 is a schematic circuit diagram showing the principle of connecting a power supply of an ion anemometer and wind direction meter provided by an embodiment of the present invention to a negative electrode of a radiation source.
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种离子风速风向计的立体结构示意图。FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an ion anemometer provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
图中：Y1、放射源；T1、主电极；Tn、副电极；41、第一圆形托盘；42、第二圆形托盘；5、连接杆。In the figure: Y1, radiation source; T1, main electrode; Tn, secondary electrode; 41, first circular tray; 42, second circular tray; 5, connecting rod.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式，熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following is a description of the implementation of the present invention by specific embodiments. People familiar with the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
实施例：一种离子风速风向测量法及离子风速风向计，如图1、图2和图3所示，包括用于对空气进行电离的电离装置、用于接收电离后的空气离子的吸附装置，电离装置包括电源、放射源Y1，在本实施例中，电源的正极与放射源Y1连接，用于将空气电离为空气离子，吸附装置包括主电极T1和若干个副电极TnTn，主电极T1正对放射源Y1，用于吸附空气离子，若干个副电极Tn环绕设置在主电极T1周围，主电极T1和副电极Tn连接电源的负极，也可以设置为放射源Y1连接电源的正极，而主电极T1和副电极Tn连接电源的负极，在主电极T1或副电极Tn与电源之间均连接有采样电阻，采样电阻用于测量各个主电极T1与副电极Tn之间的电压。Embodiment: An ion wind speed and direction measurement method and an ion wind speed and direction meter, as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, include an ionization device for ionizing air and an adsorption device for receiving ionized air ions. The ionization device includes a power supply and a radiation source Y1. In this embodiment, the positive pole of the power supply is connected to the radiation source Y1 and is used to ionize the air into air ions. The adsorption device includes a main electrode T1 and a plurality of auxiliary electrodes TnTn. The main electrode T1 is directly opposite to the radiation source Y1 and is used to adsorb air ions. The plurality of auxiliary electrodes Tn are arranged around the main electrode T1. The main electrode T1 and the auxiliary electrode Tn are connected to the negative pole of the power supply. It can also be set that the radiation source Y1 is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and the main electrode T1 and the auxiliary electrode Tn are connected to the negative pole of the power supply. A sampling resistor is connected between the main electrode T1 or the auxiliary electrode Tn and the power supply. The sampling resistor is used to measure the voltage between each main electrode T1 and the auxiliary electrode Tn.
由放射源Y1和正对放射源Y1的主电极T1以及环绕主电极T1周围的副电极Tn组成，工作时在放射源Y1、主电极T1、副电极Tn之间加上直流电压，利用放射源Y1将空气分子电离，电离后的空气离子在电场的作用下形成电流，在无风空气静止的情况下，空气离子几乎会全部到达主电极T1，当有风吹过离子风速风向计的时候，会有部分或全部空气离子到达周围的副电极Tn，因此空气离子达到主电极T1和副电极Tn的数量，可以反映出风速和风向。其中，副电极Tn可以设置成任意数量，在本实施例中，分别将副电极Tn命名为T2-Tn，副电极Tn连接的采样电阻对应副电极Tn也命名为R2-Rn，其中，放射源Y1由第一圆形托盘41固定位置，主电极T1和若干个副电极Tn由第二圆形托盘42固定位置，第一圆形托盘41和第二圆形托盘42由若干个连接杆5支撑，其中主电极T1固定在第二圆形托盘42的中央位置，与放射源Y1正对，若干个副电极Tn环绕在主电极T1周围，且朝向放射源Y1的位置倾斜。It consists of a radiation source Y1, a main electrode T1 facing the radiation source Y1, and a secondary electrode Tn surrounding the main electrode T1. When working, a DC voltage is applied between the radiation source Y1, the main electrode T1, and the secondary electrode Tn. The radiation source Y1 is used to ionize air molecules. The ionized air ions form a current under the action of the electric field. When there is no wind and the air is still, almost all of the air ions will reach the main electrode T1. When wind blows through the ion anemometer, some or all of the air ions will reach the surrounding secondary electrodes Tn. Therefore, the number of air ions reaching the main electrode T1 and the secondary electrode Tn can reflect the wind speed and direction. Among them, the auxiliary electrodes Tn can be set to any number. In this embodiment, the auxiliary electrodes Tn are named T2-Tn respectively, and the sampling resistors connected to the auxiliary electrodes Tn are also named R2-Rn corresponding to the auxiliary electrodes Tn. The radiation source Y1 is fixed in position by the first circular tray 41, the main electrode T1 and several auxiliary electrodes Tn are fixed in position by the second circular tray 42, the first circular tray 41 and the second circular tray 42 are supported by several connecting rods 5, wherein the main electrode T1 is fixed at the central position of the second circular tray 42, facing the radiation source Y1, and several auxiliary electrodes Tn surround the main electrode T1 and are inclined toward the position of the radiation source Y1.
由于无风状态下，空气离子会全部到达主电极T1，因此，当无风时主电极T1采样电阻的电压为无风电压，当有风时，电离后的空气离子被风吹动，产生偏移，部分空气离子会到达副电极Tn上，因此，通过标定以后，测量连接主电极T1的采样电阻R1上电压的大小可以得到风速的大小，风速最小时电压最大，风速最大时电压最小；测量连接副电极Tn的电阻R2至Rn上电压的大小可以得到风向，因为副电极Tn放置于主电极T1四周，所以每一个副电极Tn代表一个风向的角度，当风把空气离子吹到某一个副电极Tn时，则在放射源Y1与这个副电极Tn之间形成电流，从而在连接这个副电极Tn的电阻上产生电压。也就是说，空气离子垂直电流的大小是风速的函数，空气离子左右偏移的电流是风向的函数，由此可得出：Since all air ions will reach the main electrode T1 in the windless state, the voltage of the sampling resistor of the main electrode T1 is the windless voltage when there is no wind. When there is wind, the ionized air ions are blown by the wind, resulting in deviation, and some air ions will reach the secondary electrode Tn. Therefore, after calibration, the wind speed can be obtained by measuring the voltage on the sampling resistor R1 connected to the main electrode T1. The voltage is the largest when the wind speed is the smallest, and the voltage is the smallest when the wind speed is the largest. The wind direction can be obtained by measuring the voltage on the resistors R2 to Rn connected to the secondary electrode Tn. Because the secondary electrodes Tn are placed around the main electrode T1, each secondary electrode Tn represents an angle of wind direction. When the wind blows the air ions to a certain secondary electrode Tn, a current is formed between the radiation source Y1 and this secondary electrode Tn, thereby generating a voltage on the resistor connected to this secondary electrode Tn. In other words, the magnitude of the vertical current of the air ions is a function of the wind speed, and the current of the air ions deviating left and right is a function of the wind direction. From this, it can be concluded that:
V风速＝I主电极T1离子电流*R1，风速＝f(V风速)V wind speed = I main electrode T1 ion current * R1, wind speed = f (V wind speed)
V风向＝I副电极Tn离子电流*Rn，风向＝F(V风向)V wind direction = I secondary electrode Tn ion current * Rn, wind direction = F (V wind direction)
其中，V风速是主电极T1的采样电阻R1上的采样电压，V风向是风向电阻R2～Rn上的采样电压，上述的F和f均为常数，该常数可由多次试验得出，由于放射源Y1的不同，对空气电离程度也不同，因此常数也不同，且由于电极吸附空气离子的能力不同，因此常数也不同，只需在实验时模拟不同风速，再测量各电极的采样电阻的阻值，即可得到上述的F和f的常数。Among them, V wind speed is the sampling voltage on the sampling resistor R1 of the main electrode T1, V wind direction is the sampling voltage on the wind direction resistors R2~Rn, and the above F and f are constants, which can be obtained through multiple experiments. Due to the different radiation sources Y1, the degree of air ionization is different, so the constants are also different, and due to the different abilities of the electrodes to adsorb air ions, the constants are also different. It is only necessary to simulate different wind speeds during the experiment and then measure the resistance value of the sampling resistors of each electrode to obtain the above constants of F and f.
虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施例对本发明作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。Although the present invention has been described in detail above by general description and specific embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made to the present invention. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention all belong to the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.
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