CN110015869A - 一种抗冲磨水工护面块体及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗冲磨水工护面块体及制备方法,水工护面块体包括混凝土块体及其表面覆盖的地聚物层,所述地聚物层与混凝土块体之间设有粘合剂;所述低聚层是将地聚物以涂层的形式,通过粘合剂粘合在水工护面块体的混凝土块体表面。本发明的抗冲磨水工护面块体,护面块体的抗冲磨性优,有效减少水流对块体的侵蚀;涂层代替普通混凝土表面,能够增强护面块体表层的强度,延长护面块体的使用寿命;涂层材料由多种工业废弃物制作,降低了另设块体保护层的成本;制作方法简单、安全性高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水工结构及其制备方法领域,特别是涉及一种抗冲磨水工护面块体及其制备方法。
背景技术
水工结构中,护面块体是安放在结构面层,起抵御波、浪、流的作用,保护堤心块石不被冲淘滚落的各种形式的预制构件。高速水流、含沙水流、推移质水流对护面的冲磨和冲刷一直是水利水电建设中长期关注并有待解决的问题。普通的混凝土护面块体结构,由于表面经常受到冲磨、碳化、氯盐侵蚀等而产生耐久性病害,对堤心结构的保护作用会逐渐削弱。
目前,现有技术中主要从两个方面来应对冲刷磨损和空蚀对护面块体的破坏。一方面是提高混凝土材料本身的抵抗能力,如采用高强混凝土、高性能混凝土,但是这直接导致结构成本的增长;另一方面是研发混凝土表面抗冲磨护面材料,如衬砌钢板、高分子护面材料。但衬砌钢板由于成本较高,且抗冲磨效果有限,现在已很少使用。高分子护面材料能够提高护面块体抗冲磨性能,也仍然具有无法改善抗裂性能以致抗冲磨护面效益较低、与混凝土基材的黏结强度不够理想的缺点。
发明内容
发明目的:为解决现有技术中传统普通混凝土块体受水流冲磨而降低护面耐久性、以及现有技术中提供的抗冲磨性水工护面块体具有较大缺点的问题,本发明的目的是提供一种抗冲磨水工护面块体及其制备方法,水工护面块体的抗冲磨性优,有效减少水流对块体的侵蚀;增强护面块体表层的强度,延长护面块体的使用寿命;护面块体成本低;施工方法简单。
技术方案:本发明提供了一种抗冲磨水工护面块体,所述水工护面块体包括混凝土块体及其表面覆盖的地聚物层,所述地聚物层与混凝土块体之间设有粘合层。
进一步地,所述地聚物层是将地聚物以涂层的形式,通过粘合剂粘合在混凝土块体表面。粘合剂可以是卡本界面剂、不饱和聚酯树脂胶粘剂、丙烯酸树脂胶粘剂、聚氨酯胶粘剂等。
优选地,所述粘合剂为卡本界面剂。
优选地,所述地聚物层包括如下以重量计的组分,矿渣粉20~25份,粉煤灰30~40份,脱硫石膏20~25份,液态水玻璃5~10份,氢氧化钠5~10份,细砂30~40份,水20~30份。
优选地,地聚物层的厚度为5~8mm。涂层覆盖于普通混凝土护面块上,可增强护面块体的抗冲磨性,有效减少水流对块体的侵蚀;但过厚的涂层在实际生产过程中粘合难度较大,且成本较高。因此涂层的厚度设为5~8mm,即提高了抗冲磨性,又改善了涂层的稳定性,不易脱落。
进一步地,本发明还提供了一种抗冲磨水工护面块体的制备方法的具体步骤:
步骤a、原料混合,加入水,形成胶凝材料;
步骤b、碱激发溶液的配置;
步骤c、将步骤a的胶凝材料和步骤b的碱激发溶液混合均匀;
步骤d、在混凝土块体表面涂覆粘合剂;
步骤e、将步骤c得到的混合物涂覆于混凝土块体表面。
优选地,为了使涂层与混凝土块体表面结合更牢固,所述步骤d进一步为:
步骤d1,对混凝土块体表面进行冲毛粗糙处理;
步骤d2,在混凝土块体表面涂覆粘合剂。
进一步地,所述步骤41具体为使用高压水射法对混凝土表面进行冲毛粗糙处理。
优选地,原料选用矿渣粉20~25份,粉煤灰30~40份,脱硫石膏20~25份,液态水玻璃5~10份,氢氧化钠5~10份,细砂30~40份,水20~30份时的具体方法步骤为:
步骤a、将矿渣粉、粉煤灰、脱硫石膏、细砂混合均匀;
步骤b、向液态水玻璃中加入氢氧化钠,充分混合后,加入水,搅拌后得到所需的碱激发溶液;
步骤c、将步骤a的混合原料和步骤b的碱激发溶液搅拌均匀,形成浆状物;
步骤d、在混凝土块体表面涂覆粘合剂;
步骤e、将步骤c得到的浆状物涂覆于混凝土块体表面。
该优化的技术方案中,由于该组份的原料选用了氢氧化钠,在配置碱激发溶液的时候,往往因为浓度太高,会有安全问题。因此将胶凝材料所需的水和碱基发溶液的水一起混合,进而降低了配置时氢氧化钠浓度,提高了安全性。
发明原理:本发明充分利用各种工业废弃物,通过碱激发的方式,制作成拥有较高抗冲磨性能的浆状地聚物,并将其以涂层的形式,通过界面剂粘合在传统水工护面混凝土块体的表面,适应于新旧混凝土护面块体的施工。
有益效果:本发明与现有技术相比,
(1)本发明提供的抗冲磨水工护面块体,使用涂层覆盖于普通混凝土护面块上,能增强护面块体的抗冲磨性,有效减少水流对块体的侵蚀;
(2)本发明提供的抗冲磨水工护面块体,可延长护面块体的使用寿命,使用涂层代替普通混凝土表面,能够增强护面块体表层的强度,延长其使用年限;
(3)本发明提供的抗冲磨水工护面块体,降低了护面块体的制作成本,所用涂层材料由多种工业废弃物制作,降低了护面块体保护层的成本;
(4)本发明中的施工方法简单,将涂层与普通混凝土直接通过卡本界面剂粘合,粘合性能较好,可以发挥保护层作用;
(5)本发明提供的碱激发溶液和凝胶材料的配置方法,配置过程中的安全性高。
附图说明
图1是抗冲磨水工护面块体的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步阐述。
实施例1:
本实施例提供了一种抗冲磨水工护面块体,该水工护面块体包括混凝土块体1及其表面覆盖的地聚物层2,地聚物层2与混凝土块体1之间设有粘合剂;地聚物层2是将地聚物以涂层的形式,通过粘合剂粘合在混凝土块体1表面。如图1所示,混凝土块体2 和地聚物层1之间为粘合界面3。
施工步骤为:
步骤a,原料混合,加入水,形成胶凝材料;
步骤b,碱激发溶液的配置;
步骤c,将步骤a的胶凝材料和步骤b的碱激发溶液混合均匀;
步骤d,在混凝土块体表面涂覆粘合剂;
步骤e,将步骤c得到的混合物涂覆于混凝土块体1表面。
本实施例以选用卡本界面剂为粘合剂,以如下以重量计组分的地聚物为例:原料选用矿渣粉20份,粉煤灰30份,脱硫石膏20份,液态水玻璃5份,氢氧化钠5份,细砂 30份,水20份。
具体施工步骤为:
步骤a:将矿渣粉、粉煤灰、脱硫石膏、细砂按照上述相应比例放入混凝土搅拌机中充分搅拌,时间持续2min,得到混合均匀的原料;
步骤b:向液态水玻璃中加入适量的氢氧化钠,搅拌1min,充分混合后,再向其中加入适量的自来水,再搅拌1min,得到所需的碱激发溶液;
步骤c:保持搅拌机正常工作,向均匀原料中先加入一半的碱激发溶液,搅拌1min后,再倒入另一半溶液,搅拌均匀成浆状;
步骤d:使用高压水射法,利用高压水枪对普通混凝土块体1表面进行冲毛粗糙处理,形成凹凸不平的粘结界面,并在界面涂刷一层卡本界面剂,进一步增强粘合性能;
步骤e:将步骤c得到的涂层材料覆盖于普通混凝土上,浇筑成厚度为5~8mm涂层。
本实施例制得的水工护面块体,相对于传统水工护面混凝土块体,抗冲磨性能优。
实施例2:
本实施例选用的地聚物包括如下以重量计的组分:矿渣粉22份,粉煤灰35份,脱硫石膏22份,液态水玻璃7份,氢氧化钠8份,细砂35份,水25份。选用的粘合剂为卡本界面剂。
本实施例的制备抗冲磨水工护面块体的具体步骤与实施例1相同。该水工护面块体包括混凝土块体1及其表面覆盖的地聚物层2,地聚物层2与混凝土块体1之间设有粘合剂。本实施例制得的水工护面块体,相对于传统水工护面混凝土块体,抗冲磨性能优。
实施例3:
本实施例选用的地聚物包括如下以重量计的组分:矿渣粉20份,粉煤灰32份,脱硫石膏25份,液态水玻璃8份,氢氧化钠9份,细砂38份,水28份。选用的粘合剂为丙烯酸树脂胶粘剂。
本实施例的制备抗冲磨水工护面块体的具体步骤与实施例1相同。该水工护面块体包括混凝土块体1及其表面覆盖的地聚物层2,地聚物层2与混凝土块体1之间设有粘合剂。本实施例制得的水工护面块体,相对于传统水工护面混凝土块体,抗冲磨性能优。
实施例4:
本实施例选用的地聚物包括如下以重量计的组分:矿渣粉25份,粉煤灰40份,脱硫石膏25份,液态水玻璃10份,氢氧化钠10份,细砂40份,水30份。选用的粘合剂为卡本界面剂。
本实施例的制备抗冲磨水工护面块体的具体步骤与实施例1相同。该水工护面块体包括混凝土块体1及其表面覆盖的地聚物层2,地聚物层2与混凝土块体1之间设有粘合剂。本实施例制得的水工护面块体,相对于传统水工护面混凝土块体,抗冲磨性能优。
Claims (9)
1.一种抗冲磨水工护面块体,其特征在于:所述水工护面块体包括混凝土块体(1)及其表面覆盖的地聚物层(2),所述地聚物层与混凝土块体之间设有粘合剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗冲磨水工护面块体,其特征在于:所述地聚物层(2)是将地聚物以涂层的形式,通过粘合剂粘合在混凝土块体(1)表面。
3.根据权利要求2所述的抗冲磨水工护面块体,其特征在于:所述粘合剂为卡本界面剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抗冲磨水工护面块体,其特征在于:所述地聚物层(2)包括如下以重量计的组分:矿渣粉20~25份,粉煤灰30~40份,脱硫石膏20~25份,液态水玻璃5~10份,氢氧化钠5~10份,细砂30~40份,水20~30份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的抗冲磨水工护面块体,其特征在于:所述地聚物层(2)的厚度为5~8mm。
6.一种如权利要求1所述的抗冲磨水工护面块体的制备方法,其特征在于:所述方法具体步骤为:
步骤a、原料混合,加入水,形成胶凝材料;
步骤b、碱激发溶液的配置;
步骤c、将步骤a的胶凝材料和步骤b的碱激发溶液混合均匀;
步骤d、在混凝土块体(1)表面涂覆粘合剂;
步骤e、将步骤c得到的混合物涂覆于混凝土块体(1)表面。
7.根据权利要求6所述的抗冲磨水工护面块体的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤d进一步为:
步骤d1、对混凝土块体(1)表面进行冲毛粗糙处理;
步骤d2、在混凝土块体(1)表面涂覆粘合剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的抗冲磨水工护面块体的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤d1具体为使用高压水射法对混凝土表面进行冲毛粗糙处理。
9.一种根据权利要求4所述的抗冲磨水工护面块体的制备方法,其特征在于:所述方法具体步骤为:
步骤a、将矿渣粉、粉煤灰、脱硫石膏、细砂混合均匀;
步骤b、向液态水玻璃中加入氢氧化钠,充分混合后,加入水,搅拌后得到所需的碱激发溶液;
步骤c、将步骤a的混合原料和步骤b的碱激发溶液搅拌均匀,形成浆状物;
步骤d、在混凝土块体(1)表面涂覆粘合剂;
步骤e、将步骤c得到的浆状物涂覆于混凝土块体(1)表面。
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